• Michaelis Menten parameters were determined for the conversion of PHT to p-hydroxy phenytoin in seven different microsomal preparations with the addition of 0, 2, and 4% BSA. (aspetjournals.org)
  • For example, phenytoin follows saturable pharmacokinetics with average Michaelis-Menten constants of Vmax = 500 mg/d and Km = 4 mg/L. The therapeutic range of phenytoin is 10-20 μg/mL. (scribd.com)
  • Phenobarbital was the main anticonvulsant from 1912 until the development of phenytoin in 1938. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, many pediatric patients showed phenytoin concentration within the toxic range after administration of a dose of 30 mg/kg. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Efficacy of individualized phenytoin sodium loading doses administered by intravenous infusion. (globalrph.com)
  • Estimating phenytoin concentrations by the Sheiner-Tozer method in adults with pronounced hypoalbuminemia. (globalrph.com)
  • Because the fraction of unbound phenytoin is increased in patients with renal or hepatic disease, or in those with hypoalbuminemia, the monitoring of phenytoin serum levels should be based on the unbound fraction in those patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ]. (drugs.com)
  • The EBMcalc module Phenytoin Total Drug Level (Adjusted for Hypoalbuminemia and Renal Function) is available in EBMcalc Complete Edition. (ebmcalc.com)
  • Renal function and therapeutic concentrations of phenytoin. (globalrph.com)
  • Decreased serum concentrations of phenytoin may occur during pregnancy because of altered phenytoin pharmacokinetics. (drugs.com)
  • Phenytoin dosage individualization--five methods compared in the elderly. (globalrph.com)
  • With recommended dosages, a period of seven to ten days may be required to achieve phenytoin steady-state blood levels, and changes in dosage (increase or decrease) should not be carried out at intervals shorter than seven to ten days. (drugs.com)
  • Periodic measurement of serum phenytoin concentrations should be performed during pregnancy, and the DILANTIN dosage should be adjusted as necessary. (drugs.com)
  • Cl = Vmax / (Km + C). This is the reason concentrations increase disproportionately after a phenytoin dosage increase. (scribd.com)
  • Purpose: We performed a population pharmacokinetic analysis of phenytoin after intravenous administration of fosphenytoin sodium in healthy, neurosurgical, and epileptic subjects, including pediatric patients, and determined the optimal dose and infusion rate for achieving the therapeutic range. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of phenytoin after intravenous administration of fosphenytoin sodium could be described using a linear two-compartment model. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The administration of fosphenytoin sodium 22.5 mg/kg at an infusion rate of 3 mg/kg/min was optimal for achieving the desired plasma phenytoin concentration. (elsevierpure.com)
  • DILANTIN is available as 30 mg and 100 mg extended phenytoin sodium capsules. (nih.gov)
  • DILANTIN extended capsules and parenteral DILANTIN are formulated with the sodium salt of phenytoin. (drugs.com)
  • Phenytoin Sodium and breastfeeding. (e-lactancia.org)
  • Phenytoin Sodium is also known as Phenytoin . (e-lactancia.org)
  • The therapeutic range for total plasma phenytoin concentration is 10-20 μg/mL. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In pediatric patients, the total plasma concentration of phenytoin was within the therapeutic range for a shorter duration than that in adult patients at 22.5 mg/kg (3 mg/kg/min). (elsevierpure.com)
  • His total phenytoin concentration is 7.5 μg/mL. (scribd.com)
  • Assuming that any unbound concentrations performed by the clinical laboratory will be conducted at 25°C, compute an estimated normalized phenytoin concentration for this patient. (scribd.com)
  • provide an unbound concentration equivalent to a total phenytoin concentration of 11.5 μg/mL for a patient with normal drug protein binding (CfEST = 1.2 μg/mL). (scribd.com)
  • Monotherapy is usual y considered LTG linear pharmacokinetics, its plasma concentration as the initial strategy, and despite 47% of patients having values show high inter-individual variability, as commonly their seizures under control with only one antiepileptic seen in clinical practice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prediction of free phenytoin levels based on [total phenytoin]/[albumin] ratios. (globalrph.com)
  • The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on human liver metabolism, in vitro , of 14 C-phenytoin (PHT) was studied. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These findings for phenytoin metabolism suggest that the addition of albumin to incubation media for slices or microsome experiments may yield K m estimates that are more representative of in vivo values. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Because phenytoin is principally bound to albumin, we also explored the effect of albumin on the V max and K m values obtained, in vitro . (aspetjournals.org)
  • Phenytoin and warfarin are examples of highly protein-bound drugs with a higher risk of toxic effects when the serum albumin level decreases. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The free acid form of phenytoin is used in DILANTIN-125 Suspension and DILANTIN Infatabs. (drugs.com)
  • Since 1988, Larry has been the author of the Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics chapter in Pharmacotherapy (aka DiPiro), the gold standard textbook for pharmacy curricula all over the world, for 11 editions. (washington.edu)
  • Monitor unbound phenytoin concentrations in these patients. (nih.gov)
  • Therapeutic effect without clinical signs of toxicity occurs more often with serum total concentrations between 10 and 20 mcg/mL (unbound phenytoin concentrations of 1 to 2 mcg/mL), although some mild cases of tonic-clonic (grand mal) epilepsy may be controlled with lower serum levels of phenytoin. (drugs.com)
  • Because of potential changes in protein binding during pregnancy, the monitoring of phenytoin serum levels should be based on the unbound fraction. (drugs.com)
  • All factors must be considered: addition of interacting drugs, changes in absorption (eg enteral feeding + oral administration of phenytoin), concomitant disease state(s) which may alter phenytoin kinetics, etc. (globalrph.com)
  • Early in his career, he identified the interference of phenytoin oral absorption by the concurrent use of enteral feeding and investigated the influences of obesity on aminoglycoside, vancomycin, and theophylline dosing. (washington.edu)
  • Clinical pharmacokinetics is a branch of pharmacology that studies the clinical aspects of absorption , distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs . (pharmacologymentor.com)
  • These talk sessions seizure frequency may occur during pregnancy and pregnancy does phenytoin pharmacokinetics. (fmvoley.com)
  • A Comprehensive Review on the Predictive Performance of the Sheiner-Tozer and Derivative Equations for the Correction of Phenytoin Concentrations. (ebmcalc.com)
  • Phenytoin mengikuti farmakokinetik nonlinear , jadi cukup mudah untuk mencapai konsentrasi toksisk dengan menukar/ mengubah dosis obat. (scribd.com)
  • Drugs similar to phenytoin are ethotoin (Peganone) and mephenytoin (Mesantoin). (epnet.com)
  • Higher doses of aspirin may increase phenytoin levels and toxicity during long-term use of both drugs. (epnet.com)
  • Pharmacokinetics is a quantitative study of the drug movement, and it includes the response of the body to drugs. (missionnursing.in)
  • Pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin, such as total clearance and central and peripheral volume of distribution were influenced by body weight. (elsevierpure.com)
  • our observations about the influence of polytherapies on lamotrigine pharmacokinetics confirm the relevance of quantifying this antiepileptic drug plasma concentrations in the process of treatment optimization. (bvs.br)
  • salicylates, phenytoin  Increase serum acid glycoprotein  Basic drug such as lidocaine displays increased protein binding. (edocr.com)
  • Prenatal exposure to phenytoin may increase the risks for congenital malformations and other adverse developmental outcomes. (nih.gov)
  • The Many Faces also needed to not intended to is an injectable stress that legal, veterinary, buy viagra online safely Patients taking Accutane advised of the avoid phenytoin intoxication, blood against the or withdrawal symptoms be made5, 6. (fmvoley.com)
  • Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetics of BUSULFEX were studied in 59 patients participating in a prospective trial of a BUSULFEX-cyclophosphamide preparatory regimen prior to allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor stem cell transplantation. (clustermed.info)
  • 1-5 It has also been suggested that ginkgo might interfere with the effectiveness of some anti-seizure medications, including phenytoin. (epnet.com)
  • 8 This raises the concern that white willow might have similar effects on phenytoin, though this has not been proven. (epnet.com)