Phenotypic variation in gene frequency. Medical search. Frequent questions

Air pollution impacts gene expression and pathways affecting cardio-metabolic and respiratory traits, when controlling for genetic ancestry. (nature.com)
After attributing a regional and/or continental ancestry to each individual using genome-wide polymorphism data, we are able to capture the effect of different environmental exposures on gene expression and health-related traits, while simultaneously controlling for genetic relatedness and migration. (nature.com)
Natural selection will instead strongly favor genes which ensure early maturation and rapid reproduction, and the selection for genetic traits which promote molecular and cellular self-maintenance will decline with age for most organisms. (wikipedia.org)
In a widespread species, a matching of phenotypic traits to local environmental optima is generally attributed to site-specific adaptation. (datadryad.org)
This QTL explained 45% of the phenotypic variance for the traits virus extinction and infection rate and 30% for the symptom red edges. (biomedcentral.com)
Future research using these advanced technologies for cutting and pasting the non-functional gene into Daphnia would be one way to better probe the effects that mutations have on complex phenotypic traits like salinity tolerance. (sflorg.com)
There has been much debate as to the role of rare genetic variation on complex traits ( 2 - 4 ) and how rare variant studies complement GWASs ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
A few days ago I pointed to a paper which suggests the possible utility of looking at selection on standing genetic variation on quantitative traits to get a sense of the role of adaptation in the human genome. (discovermagazine.com)
Overall, the student will be able to assess the effect of variations in the genetic material on biochemical, physiological and molecular processes, with a special regard for quantitative traits. (uninsubria.eu)
This alters many traits, the expression of genetic variation of those traits, and natural selection on those traits. (nicheconstruction.com)
New methods of mapping offer a promising route to the identification of genetic markers for the genes of complex traits and provide a foundation for molecular enhanced breeding of maize. (cropscience.org.au)
For the majority of the 20th Century, pedigree breeding, combined with an extensive multi-environment testing program that was designed to measure the phenotypic performance of new genotypes across a large sample of the target population of environments, was the core breeding strategy that underpinned the successful genetic improvement of grain yield and other agronomic traits (Duvick et al. (cropscience.org.au)
The contribution of isofemale strain analyses to the debate about the number of loci affection variation in quantitative traits is briefly discussed. (edu.au)
The frequency and expression of homoeologous gene alleles showing strong expression dosage bias are predictive of variation in yield-related traits, and have likely been impacted by breeding for increased productivity. (tamu.edu)
The aim of this study was thus to detect genes linked to flowering but also linked to relevant traits within each flowering group. (frontiersin.org)
Gene flow through migration and mating between populations, genetic drift, and natural selection results in a gradual, clinal distribution of many human traits, rather than discrete categories. (pressbooks.pub)
Although there is much more genetic variation within races than between races, HLA types tend to correlate with ethnicity more than some other traits. (pressbooks.pub)

Note that somatic mutations are not heritable, they are only a source of developmental variation. (wikipedia.org)
Whether the mutation is homo- or heteroplasmic, or whether secondary mutations additionally exist did not explain intra- or interfamilial phenotypic variations in at least 10 Japanese pedigrees tested. (nih.gov)
Usher syndrome 1D and nonsyndromic autosomal recessive deafness DFNB12 are caused by allelic mutations of the novel cadherin-like gene CDH23. (unicolmayor.edu.co)
Mutations of the protocadherin gene PCDH15 cause Usher syndrome type 1F. (unicolmayor.edu.co)
Usher syndrome type I G (USH1G) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding SANS, a protein that associates with the USH1C protein, harmonin. (unicolmayor.edu.co)
Genomic structure and identification of novel mutations in usherin, the gene responsible for Usher syndrome type IIa. (unicolmayor.edu.co)
Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is a rare disorder consisting of the triad of congenital nephropathy, Wilms tumor , and intersex disorders resulting from mutations in the Wilms tumor suppressor ( WT1 ) gene. (medscape.com)
Denys-Drash syndrome is the result of mutations in the WT1 gene on chromosome band 11p13. (medscape.com)
Point mutations in the WT1 gene result in loss of its regulatory function, with the consequent abnormalities in glomerular formation and gonadal differentiation seen in Denys-Drash syndrome. (medscape.com)
Mutations that disrupt the second alternative splicing site of the WT1 gene alter the normal ratio of KTS-positive/negative isoforms from 2:1 to 1:2 and result in abnormalities in glomerular formation and gonadal differentiation seen in Frasier syndrome. (medscape.com)
In addition we also find that there is a significant enrichment of genes annotated for disease-causing mutations in the OMIM database, suggesting that in complex diseases such as SLE, such mutations may be involved in subtle or combined phenotypes or could accelerate specific organ abnormalities found in the disease. (frontiersin.org)
Gene mutations: their rate and their molecular basis. (uninsubria.eu)
Different mutations give different phenotypic effects. (uninsubria.eu)
We present our study on the efficacy and phenotypic impact of compensatory evolution in Escherichia coli strains carrying multiple resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
We conclude that phenotypic reversion to the antibiotic-sensitive state can be mediated by the acquisition of additional mutations, while maintaining the original resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
Mutations in the DSPP gene have been identified in people with dentinogenesis imperfecta type II and type III. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in this gene are also responsible for dentin dysplasia type II. (medlineplus.gov)
Dentinogenesis imperfecta type I occurs as part of osteogenesis imperfecta, which is caused by mutations in one of several other genes (most often the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes). (medlineplus.gov)
DSPP gene mutations alter the proteins made from the gene, leading to the production of abnormally soft dentin. (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear whether DSPP gene mutations are related to the hearing loss found in a few older individuals with dentinogenesis imperfecta type II. (medlineplus.gov)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
Better understanding of new mutations and the wide range of possible phenotypes led to the development of a new nomenclature proposal, based on the gene and inheritance pattern. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] However, the gene mutations responsible for the different forms of CMT1 are clearly myelin genes. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] The underlying cause of multiple CMN and so-called NCM was recently found to be mosaicism for heterozygous activating mutations in codon 61 of NRAS, a developmental gene and oncogene involved in the control of key cell signalling pathways. (medscape.com)

Consequently, any adaptive matching between local environments (e.g., prey sizes) and snake phenotypes (e.g., body sizes and relative jaw sizes) must be achieved via phenotypic plasticity rather than spatial heterogeneity in gene frequencies. (datadryad.org)
Strong spatial divergence in morphology among snake colonies, despite genetic homogeneity, supports the idea that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate speciation by creating multiple phenotypically distinct sub-populations shaped by their environment. (datadryad.org)
Gene-environment interactions are an example of phenotypic plasticity . (berkeley.edu)
In addition, I am in interested in the role of phenotypic plasticity - including learning - in the early stages of divergence and in population persistence and in evolutionary rescue vs. extinction by natural or sexual selection. (lu.se)

Because of the poor fidelity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, genetic variation typically forms a heterogeneous virus pool in RNA virus populations, including coronaviruses such as mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
As we delve further into the intricacies of evolutionary biology, it becomes evident that population genetics plays a pivotal role in elucidating how genetic variation arises and spreads within populations. (eurocoml.org)
The importance of low frequency and rare variation in complex disease genetics is difficult to estimate in patient populations. (frontiersin.org)
Genomic regions exhibiting signatures of both balancing and divergent selection were remarkably consistent across multiple, independently derived populations, indicating that replicate parallel phenotypic evolution in stickleback may be occurring through extensive, parallel genetic evolution at a genome-wide scale. (discovermagazine.com)
These data illustrate the complementary nature of laboratory crosses and population genomic scans by confirming the adaptive significance of previously identified genomic regions, elucidating the particular evolutionary and demographic history of such regions in natural populations, and identifying new genomic regions and candidate genes of evolutionary significance. (discovermagazine.com)
however, differences in the distribution of polymorphisms in key candidate genes involved in estrogen/xenobiotic metabolism might contribute to variation in breast cancer susceptibility in different populations. (biomedcentral.com)
There is scanty data on the role of polymorphisms in this gene in breast cancer susceptibility in populations of African descent. (biomedcentral.com)
By contrast, in populations that have encountered a recent reduction in population size, certain founder diseases with recessive inheritance are present at higher frequencies. (nature.com)
Populations that have undergone recent bottlenecks are also characterized by an excess of mildly deleterious variants, which are derived from rare variants that stochastically increased in frequency after a bottleneck event 4 . (nature.com)
We genotyped 873 tag SNPs in these genes in 54 worldwide populations (including the 52 in the Human Genome Diversity Project panel) and found correlations with climate variables using rank correlation analysis and a newly developed method termed Bayesian geographic analysis. (northwestern.edu)
The movement of genes between populations. (berkeley.edu)
The frequencies exhibit considerable variation in different geographic locations, reflecting the underlying genetic and ethnic diversity of human populations [3]. (who.int)

Some of these genomic regions co-localize with previously identified QTL for stickleback phenotypic variation identified using laboratory mapping crosses. (discovermagazine.com)
Using such approaches, studies have already highlighted the prevalence of either strongly differentiated genomic 'islands' of differentiation 5 - 10 or genome-wide polygenic architectures of phenotypic differentiation and ecological speciation 11 - 15 . (biorxiv.org)
Genomic variants affecting homoeologous gene expression dosage contribute to agronomic trait variation in allopolyploid wheat. (tamu.edu)
We thus investigated genomic and phenotypic diversity in 109 pearl millet landrace accessions, i.e., 66 early-flowering and 43 late-flowering, grown in the groundnut basin, the first area of rainfed agriculture in Senegal dominated by dry cereals (millet, maize, and sorghum) and legumes (groundnuts, cowpeas). (frontiersin.org)

Work like this is the first step in designing future studies incorporating recent technological advances, such as CRISPR gene editing, allowing the creation of comprehensive genotype-to-phenotype maps and predicting the role that genetic variation plays in creating diverse forms and functions," Wersebe said. (sflorg.com)
In the Course of Genetics, the student will learn the genetic mechanisms at the bases of Mendelian genetics, the main molecular aspects of the Central Dogma, how genes work, with emphasis on the relationship between the type of mutation and the resulting phenotype, and last the models for the study of evolutionary processes. (uninsubria.eu)
Genes and alleles, phenotype and genotype. (uninsubria.eu)
Gene mutational analysis in a cohort of Chinese children with unexplained epilepsy: Identification of a new KCND3 phenotype and novel genes causing Dravet syndrome. (cdc.gov)

The remaining 1284 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RILs. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA-Seq analysis revealed 105 flowering time-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that play roles in the circadian clock/photoperiod, autonomous pathway, and hormone and vernalization pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Our findings demonstrate how the local environment directly affects disease risk phenotypes and that genetic variation, including less common variants, can modulate individual's response to environmental challenges. (nature.com)
The frequency at which nonparental pilin phenotypes were spawned was 12-fold greater in M S l l recD mutants compared with the parental MS11 re& strain. (niu.edu)
Evolutionary pressures due to variation in climate play an important role in shaping phenotypic variation among and within species and have been shown to influence variation in phenotypes such as body shape and size among humans. (northwestern.edu)

Genome-wide association studies have been designed primarily to capture common variation and so far some 10,000 common genetic variants have been robustly associated with a wide range of complex diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
It is now accepted that rare variants located in different genes could in fact play a more important role in disease susceptibility than common variants ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
In particular, we find variants that are known to cause diseases with recessive inheritance with significant heterozygous phenotypic effects. (nature.com)
Identifying variants that influence disease risk only in the homozygous state (recessive inheritance) is particularly challenging, as the square of variant frequencies means that the homozygous state is often exceedingly rare. (nature.com)
This has been previously shown in Finland through an excess of potentially deleterious probable loss-of-function (pLoF) variants at lower to intermediate frequencies (around 0.5%-5%) 3 , 14 . (nature.com)
The higher allele frequencies of deleterious founder variants increases the statistical power for detecting disease associations. (nature.com)
At the same time, we were able to highlight a several genes and variants that could contribute to the improvement of pearl millet yield, especially since their impact was demonstrated across flowering cycles. (frontiersin.org)
Any short-term phenotypic evolution we see is likely to be caused by changes in the frequency of standing variants. (johnhawks.net)
The polymorphic variants of the IGF genes may serve as a susceptibility factor for pancreatic cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
We explored the genes disrupted by these variants from joint analysis of protein-truncating variants (PTVs), missense variants and copy number variants (CNVs) in a cohort of 63,237 individuals. (ox.ac.uk)

Linkage of Usher syndrome type I gene (USH1B) to the long arm of chromosome 11. (unicolmayor.edu.co)
Localization of two genes for Usher syndrome type I to chromosome 11. (unicolmayor.edu.co)
Variations in the organisation of the genome: changes of chromosome number and the effects of polyploidy. (uninsubria.eu)
We detected 27 QTLs distributed on eight chromosomes among six environments, including one major QTL on chromosome C02 that explained 11-25% of the phenotypic variation and was stably detected in all six environments. (biomedcentral.com)
The high rate of Vsp phenotypic switching was also shown to be linked with DNA rearrangements that occur at high frequency in the M. bovis chromosome (I. Lysnyansky, R. Rosengarten, and D. Yogev, J. Bacteriol. (huji.ac.il)
The gene that causes chondrodystrophy is known and can be tested for (FGF4-retrogene on chromosome 18). (biomedcentral.com)

We reveal that repeated ecological and morphological diversification along a common environmental axis is associated with both genome-wide allele frequency shifts and a specific, larger effect, locus, associated with the gene edar . (biorxiv.org)
Gene frequency at the Tpi locus varied seasonally and was associated positively with total monthly rainfall measured both immediately prior to and concurrent with the month of collection. (edu.au)
Within the orchard site, spatial heterogeneity in gene frequency at the Tpi locus was observed within collections. (edu.au)
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and genome-wide associated mapping (GWAS) have been used to identify candidate flowering time genes in oilseed rape. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, a population with many different alleles at a locus may be said to have a lot of genetic variation at that locus. (berkeley.edu)
The findings that rearrangement events are associated with Vsp phenotypic switching and that multiple regions of high sequence similarity are present upstream of the vsp genes and within the vsp coding regions suggest that modulation of the Vsp antigenic repertoire is determined by recombination processes that occur at a high frequency within the vsp locus of M. bovis. (huji.ac.il)

Approximately 5-10% of all breast and ovarian cancers are thought to arise from a hereditary predisposition to the disease, 1 BRCA1 and BRCA2 being the most important susceptibility genes. (bmj.com)
8- 10 In attempts to identify new breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, much research has focused on BRCA1 associated proteins. (bmj.com)
Furthermore, we identified candidate resistance or susceptibility genes which warrant further gene function analyses, and which could be valuable for resistance breeding, if their role in resistance or susceptibility can be confirmed. (biomedcentral.com)

The learning outcomes, in terms of "Knowledge and know" are: achievement of informed judgment, adequate expertise and communication skills in relation to the genetic mechanisms at the bases of Mendelian genetics, molecular aspects of DNA replication, of transcription and translation, gene function, evolutionary processes and the theoretical and practical bases of recombinant DNA technology. (uninsubria.eu)

Clonally variant gene expression (CVGE) lies at the base of a bet-hedging adaptive strategy consisting of the stochastic generation of phenotypic diversity followed by natural selection upon environmental changes (for a recent discussion on bet-hedging, see [14] ). (plos.org)
Although these numbers are hypothetical, they illustrate that, for a highly polygenic trait, a dramatic adaptive response could result from modest allele frequency changes at many loci. (johnhawks.net)
Most importantly, adaptation could occur without dramatic allele frequency changes and without adaptive fixation events. (johnhawks.net)

Segregation analysis showed that both mtDNA mutation and abnormal X-linked gene (XLG) are necessary for development of optic atrophy, and that an unfortunate X-inactivation is involved. (nih.gov)
Mutation of a gene encoding a protein with extracellular matrix motifs in Usher syndrome type IIa. (unicolmayor.edu.co)
Recently, we have implemented and successfully applied a method based on genotype imputation of rare variation, on a set of genes detected by exome sequencing as possible candidates for association to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by mutation in members of Icelandic SLE-multicase families ( 15 ). (frontiersin.org)
The effects of mutation, gene flow, selection and genetic drift on the gene pool. (uninsubria.eu)
A novel splice acceptor mutation in the DSPP gene causing dentinogenesis imperfecta type II. (medlineplus.gov)
Meta-analysis with cohorts ascertained for developmental delay (DD) (n = 91,605) yielded 373 genes associated with ASD/DD at FDR ≤ 0.001 (664 at FDR ≤ 0.05), some of which differed in relative frequency of mutation between ASD and DD cohorts. (ox.ac.uk)

The AT gene is highly pleomorphic, with ∼100 alleles having been identified to date. (ersjournals.com)
Genetic variation is essential for natural selection to operate since natural selection can only increase or decrease frequency of alleles already in the population. (berkeley.edu)
also called allele frequency) Proportion of genes/alleles in a population that are of a particular type. (berkeley.edu)
Gene conversion can be biased, tending to favor some alleles over others. (berkeley.edu)

Exons 1-6 of the WT1 gene encode the regulatory domain, which regulates expression of target genes, and exons 7-10 encode the 4 zinc fingers of the DNA-binding region of the WT1 protein. (medscape.com)
The WT1 protein mediates the mesenchymal-epithelial transition and differentiation during morphogenesis of the kidney and gonad by repressing genes that encode cell proliferation factors and by activating genes that encode markers of epithelial cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
All vsp genes encode highly conserved N-terminal domains for membrane insertion and lipoprotein processing but divergent mature Vsp proteins. (huji.ac.il)
A good match must exist between a bone marrow donor and recipient in genes that encode for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. (pressbooks.pub)

The genome of P. falciparum contains hundreds of genes that show CVGE, such that individual parasites within an isogenic population express these genes at very different levels, often fully active or completely silenced [15] . (plos.org)
What if a trait comes under selection, but the variation in the trait is explained not by a single gene, but by dozens or hundreds of genes? (johnhawks.net)

Allelic and genotypic frequencies. (uninsubria.eu)
and determined concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance. (who.int)
Concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was 93.27% overall for six antibiotics in three classes, but varied among aminoglycosides. (who.int)

Additionally, we highlight the role of introgression between species from different lake-systems in facilitating the evolution and persistence of species with unique phenotypic combinations and ecology. (biorxiv.org)
Although it is known that accessions of Lens ervoides possess superior SB resistance at much higher frequency than the cultivated lentil species, very little is known about the molecular basis regulating SB resistance in L. ervoides . (biomedcentral.com)
Species diversity can be inferred using multiple data types, however, results based on genetic data can be at odds with patterns of phenotypic variation. (mdpi.com)
I explore problems such as how frequency-dependent processes within and between species maintains diversity, whether genetic polymorphisms or species in ecological communities. (lu.se)

However, connection between the emerging regulatory complexity and expression and phenotypic diversity in polyploid crops remains elusive. (tamu.edu)

developmental language disorders are genetic and is therefore caused (at least in part) by the genes passed on from parents to children. (brookes.ac.uk)

Heritability from an isofemale strain analysis approximates narrow heritability over a wide range of dominance values, particularly when genes contributing to variation in a trait are at intermediate frequencies. (edu.au)

At this point an interesting cost and a computationally effective alternative would be to combine genotype imputation with targeted sequencing in a gene-centered strategy. (frontiersin.org)

In most cases, it is likely that several genes combine to bring about a heightened risk of disorder. (brookes.ac.uk)

The key point is that we should expect such an adaptation to occur by small allele frequency shifts spread across many loci. (johnhawks.net)

After comparing DEGs to genes identified in previously described quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to SB, nine genes were common and three of them showed differential gene expression between a resistant and a susceptible bulk consisting of five RILs each. (biomedcentral.com)
HAC1 and two other genes appear to be part of QTLs previously identified and deserve further investigation. (frontiersin.org)

Pilin antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae may result following intrachromosomal recombination between homologous pi/ genes. (niu.edu)

Each vsp gene is also 5' linked to a highly homologous upstream region composed of two internal cassettes. (huji.ac.il)

In theory, the extent of fitness costs determines the long-term stability of resistance, and consequently, the rate by which the frequency of resistant bacteria decreases in an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
Among them, 7526 genes displayed a similar expression trend in both RILs, and some of them were likely involved in non-host resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Results showed that two genes encoding calcium-transporting ATPase and glutamate receptor3.2 were candidate resistance genes, whereas one gene with unknown function was a candidate susceptibility gene. (biomedcentral.com)
This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
In addition, long-read sequencing of one representative XDR ST235 isolate identified an integron carrying multiple resistance genes (including bla VIM-2), with differences in gene composition and synteny from the P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described previously. (who.int)

We used an integrative approach to comprehensively assess the interactions between 1.6 million data points, encompassing a range of environmental exposures, health, and gene expression levels, coupled with whole-genome genetic variation. (nature.com)
We identified 98 candidate genes containing rare variation that in aggregate show association with SLE many of which have recognized immunological function, but also function and expression related to relevant tissues such as the joints, skin, blood or central nervous system. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we use diverse wheat accessions to map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and evaluate their effects on the population-scale variation in homoeolog expression dosage. (tamu.edu)
The relative contribution of cis- and trans-eQTL to homoeolog expression variation is strongly affected by both selection and demographic events. (tamu.edu)
Major lipoprotein antigens, known as variable membrane surface lipoproteins (Vsps), on the surface of the bovine pathogen Mycoplasma bovis were shown to spontaneously undergo noncoordinate phase variation between ON and OFF expression states. (huji.ac.il)
This is not surprising given the strong evidence for interaction between myelin and axon gene expression in development and after experimental nerve lesions. (medscape.com)

This paper therefore considers the association between heritability and phenotypic variation within and between isofemale strains. (edu.au)

One hundred thirteen sequence variations with nine recurrent variant sites were identified in analyzed S-gene sequences compared with the BJ01 strain of SARS-CoV. (cdc.gov)
For dense genotyping arrays, imputation is able to predict nearly all missing common variation with high accuracy, but as the variant minor allele frequency (MAF) decreases, so does the accuracy of imputation, depending mainly on the size of the reference panel and the ancestry of the imputed samples, with the best efficiencies in European cohorts, mainly due to the sufficiently large size of the European reference panels ( 7 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
In our sample, only about 5% of the dogs carry the non-chondrodystrophic gene variant. (biomedcentral.com)
We also found that carriers of the non-chondrodystrophic gene variant are taller at the shoulder than other Havanese, with average heights of 31.3 cm and 26.4 cm, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Carriers of the non-chondrodystrophic gene variant are born on average 4.7 years earlier than the other dogs in our sample. (biomedcentral.com)
We recommend that Havanese are DNA-tested, to identify carriers of the non-chondrodystrophic gene variant. (biomedcentral.com)

Genes & development 2020 9 34 (17-18): 1107-1109. (cdc.gov)
Gene 2020 2 738 144487. (cdc.gov)

Many processes in parasite biology involve changes at the chromatin level, including regulation of transcription along a complex life cycle, delimitation of functional elements in the genome, and antigenic variation. (plos.org)

We identified 45 flowering time-related genes in these QTL regions, eight of which are DEGs, including key flowering time genes PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 ( PRR7 ) and FY (located in a major QTL region on C02). (biomedcentral.com)

Seasonal and spatial variation in gene frequencies at 3 diallelic loci : alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (Gpdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi), have been studied in an orchard population of D. melanogaster. (edu.au)
In addition, we genotyped 210 carefully matched control SNPs to provide an empirical null distribution for spatial patterns of allele frequency due to population history alone. (northwestern.edu)

Further, in order to capture gene-by-environment interactions through eQTL analyses, we combine whole-transcriptome RNA-Sequencing profiles with whole-genome genotyping and extensive fine-scale environmental exposure data. (nature.com)
Through their study, Wersebe and Weider reported signatures of natural selection throughout the genome near genes related to osmoregulation and ion regulation, key processes for dealing with high salt. (sflorg.com)
Genome-wide association studies are therefore, underpowered to detect rare variation. (frontiersin.org)
6 ). In-depth whole-genome sequencing is the most comprehensive approach for measuring rare and common variation in both coding and non-coding regions. (frontiersin.org)

The transcriptional patterns in each parasite are clonally transmitted over multiple generations of asexual growth, with stochastic switches between the active and silenced states occurring at low frequency ( Figure 1A ). (plos.org)
A more recent theme in my research lab has been the role of temperature in natural and sexual selection in shaping local adaptation, biogeographic patterns and phenotypic evolution on micro- and macroevolutionary time scales. (lu.se)

Speciation with gene flow often occurs in the form of ecological speciation. (biorxiv.org)
Both of these architectures on their own constrain speciation with gene flow in different ways. (biorxiv.org)

Although there is strong evidence for the role of a genetic component in language disorder, we do not know which genes contribute to this disorder or how the inheritance of language problems work. (brookes.ac.uk)

Race is not an accurate or productive way to describe human biological variation. (rationalwiki.org)

:103 Only in 1962 was the idea first proposed that human variation is continuous. (rationalwiki.org)
As you learned in this chapter, human variation has historically been classified in several different ways, some of which resulted from or have contributed to racism. (pressbooks.pub)

Drawing from this founding population of individuals with largely French ancestry, we selected 1007 individuals to determine mechanisms by which genomes, the environment, and their interactions contribute to phenotypic variation. (nature.com)
Allopolyploidy greatly expands the range of possible regulatory interactions among functionally redundant homoeologous genes. (tamu.edu)

In fact, we found a promising gene that appears not to work properly in the older Daphnia, but a functional copy of the gene is increasing in frequency - true evolution in action. (sflorg.com)
Annotation of these regions revealed numerous genes that are candidates for stickleback phenotypic evolution and will form the basis of future genetic analyses in this and other organisms. (discovermagazine.com)
For example, adaptations to differing UV levels, diseases, altitudes, and climates all likely led to the evolution of human variations in skin colour, blood cells, and body morphology. (pressbooks.pub)

although their frequency increases, their effects and variation decreases with age. (wikipedia.org)

Gene frequencies were monitored at 3 enzyme loci - alcohol dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase - associated with the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde. (edu.au)
Directional selection on stature will change the allele frequencies for a few loci quite a bit more quickly than most. (johnhawks.net)

For nearly all climate variables, we found an excess of genic SNPs in the tail of the distributions of the test statistics compared to the control SNPs, implying that metabolic genes as a group show signals of spatially varying selection. (northwestern.edu)
Then, an average shift of just 10% in the population allele frequency of each tall allele would increase average height in the population by 20 cm (assuming that SNPs contribute additively). (johnhawks.net)

Our results suggest that the codon 432 polymorphism of the CYP1B1 gene is associated with increased risk of breast cancer and is particularly involved in breast cancer risk in premenopausal women of African descent. (biomedcentral.com)

Within this population, there exists natural variation in beak size among individuals due to genetic differences. (eurocoml.org)
Mendelian population, the concept of gene pool. (uninsubria.eu)
Overall, this variation is interpreted as being due to sampling from a population of partially isolated subgroups, founded by few individuals, and dependent upon transient pockets of fruit resources. (edu.au)
Random changes in the gene frequencies of a population from generation to generation. (berkeley.edu)
This process causes gene frequencies in a population to drift around over time. (berkeley.edu)
Some genes may even "drift out" of a population (i.e., just by chance, some gene may reach a frequency of zero). (berkeley.edu)
In general, genetic drift has the effect of decreasing genetic variation within a population. (berkeley.edu)
All of the genes in a population. (berkeley.edu)
We hypothesize that recent selection, may have led to a gradual decline in the population frequency of the lower-risk, wild type allele. (biomedcentral.com)
We further found that wild type carriers were born on average 4.7 years earlier than mutant allele homozygotes and that there has been a gradual decline in the population frequency of the wild type allele during the past two decades. (biomedcentral.com)
The population frequency of the wild type allele is low and appear to be decreasing. (biomedcentral.com)
How- frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups ever, forf unclear results (158 cases) reverse in the population of Poonch district, Azad typing (crossmatching) was performed for Jammu and Kashmir, with a view to gener- blood group confirmation. (who.int)

Diagram showing amplification of six overlapping fragments covering full-length spike gene sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. (cdc.gov)
A total of 64 RNA samples from 28 SARS-CoV-positive patients (detected by using BNI primers recommended by the World Health Organization [ 15 ]) were initially used in S-gene amplification, but only those that generated all six overlapping fragments covering the full-length S-gene sequence (see Nested RT-PCR below and Figure 1 ) were included in the sequence analysis. (cdc.gov)
The complete recD gene of N. gonorrhoeae M S l l was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. (niu.edu)

In the present study, 13 single-copy vsp genes organized in a chromosomal cluster were identified and characterized. (huji.ac.il)

The present study utilises available data from epidemiological studies performed by others to determine the frequencies of deficiency allele combinations for PI*S and PI*Z, in the healthy control cohorts of individual case studies from European countries. (ersjournals.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms31

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes109

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science8

Named Groups7

Health Care23

Geographicals2

Traits17

Mutations24

Plasticity4

Populations12

Genomic4

Phenotype4

Differentially expressed genes2

Phenotypes3

Variants10

Chromosome6

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Susceptibility genes3

Evolutionary1

Adaptive3

Mutation6

Alleles4

Encode4

Hundreds of genes2

Genotypic3

Species4

Diversity1

Developmental1

Intermediate frequencies1

Genotype1

Several genes1

Allele frequency shifts1

QTLs2

Recombination1

Homologous1

Resistance5

Expression6

Strains1

Variant6

20202

Antigenic variation1

DEGs1

Spatial2

Genome4

Patterns2

Speciation2

Inheritance1

Describe1

Human variation2

Interactions2

Evolution3

Decreases1

Loci2

SNPs2

Polymorphism1

Population12

Sequence3

Chromosomal1

Combinations1