Phenotype somatic stem cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Most ATP2A2 mutations are haploinsufficiency mutations, which means that only having only one functional copy of the functional gene results in a reduced level of protein expression that is not sufficient for wild type function for making enough of the coded protein for the cell to function properly. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations also result in interesting variety including white animals and white spotting phenotypes. (creation.com)
Some of the stronger mutations cause a dominant white phenotype which is lethal in the homozygous condition. (creation.com)
Activating (gain-of-function) mutations, which are generally somatic and not heritable, have been associated with progression in certain cancers. (creation.com)
However, SALL4 expression status and related pathway in bone marrow (BM) cells and relationship with somatic gene mutations in MDS patients has not been explored. (confex.com)
In this study, we evaluated the expression of SALL4 and related factors using single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) and NanoString technology in MDS patients alongside with target sequence for MDS-related mutations. (confex.com)
DNMT3A is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation and somatic DNMT3A mutations are frequent in hematologic malignancies and clonal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
We found that somatic mutations that have been shown to accumulate in neurons with aging, the greatest risk factor for AD, have a negative effect on synaptic function as they are more likely to affect longer genes that encode proteins enriched for synaptic functions. (ru.nl)
Cells require three to six genetic mutations to become carcinogenic, and these accumulate over time [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Persistent stem cells in the oral epithelium of adults are the only cells that can accumulate sufficient mutations for OSCC to develop [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By combining these samples with blood samples, it is possible to analyze somatic mutations, which are important for the initiation and development of the disease. (riken.jp)
These cancers are associated with recurrent somatic mutations in specific genes. (nih.gov)
We looked for somatic mutations by identifying previously characterized single-nucleotide variants and small insertions or deletions in 160 genes that are recurrently mutated in hematologic cancers. (nih.gov)
The presence of mutations was analyzed for an association with hematologic phenotypes, survival, and cardiovascular events. (nih.gov)
Detectable somatic mutations were rare in persons younger than 40 years of age but rose appreciably in frequency with age. (nih.gov)
Standard methods sequence DNA that has been extracted from a population of cells, such that not only the genetic composition of individual cells is lost, but also de novo mutations in cell(s) are effectively concealed by the bulk signal. (sanger.ac.uk)
In 2006, Tartaglia et al reported that germline mutations in the PTPN11 gene cause LEOPARD and Noonan syndromes, whereas somatic mutations in the same gene contribute to leukemogenesis. (medscape.com)

RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Use of progenitor cell lines can eliminate the need to culture challenging human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
Progenitor cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in their capacity to differentiate into various cell types. (ddw-online.com)
However, progenitor cells can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types. (ddw-online.com)
Progenitor cells can be far easier to handle in culture than ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
For example, neural progenitor cells derived from a human ES cell line are easily propagated and require less handling than human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
We observed that Lin-CD34+CD38+ progenitor cells in 8 out of the 10 MDS patients had higher SALL4 expression levels, while the progenitor cells of normal BM cells did not express SALL4. (confex.com)
We address recent data showing a rewiring of such interactions in cells from FPLD2 patients, and in adipose progenitor and induced pluripotent stem cell models of FPLD2. (frontiersin.org)
This study compares the impact of two isolation methods, ultracentrifugation (UC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from primary human cardiac mesenchymal-derived progenitor cells (CPCs). (bvsalud.org)
We applied this purification method for the isolation of EV from conditioned medium (CM) of cardiac stromal cells, namely cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) which has been shown to possess potential therapeutical application in heart failure. (bvsalud.org)
Genome integrity is particularly important in rapidly dividing stem cells, including neural progenitor cells (NPCs). (hhs.gov)
Errors arising in stem and progenitor cells have a much greater influence on the tissue in which they are found than errors arising in postmitotic differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In the case of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, the dormancy of the most primitive HSPC is maintained by the bone marrow niche by means of several key molecular interactions between receptor-ligand pairs1C3. (conferencedequebec.org)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Firstly, we present a robust 2-week protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into forebrain neural progenitor cells. (lu.se)
The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)

We detect alterations of protein properties in numerous cellular pathways and components including ribosome biogenesis and demonstrate that modulation of ribosome maturation through SBDS protein can be helpful for manipulating cell stemness in vitro. (nature.com)
Using our integrative proteomics approach and the web-based tool, we uncover a molecular basis for the uncoupling of robust transcription from parsimonious translation in stem cells and propose a method for maintaining pluripotency in vitro. (nature.com)
Every cell type has its own unique needs when grown in vitro and stem cells are no exception. (ddw-online.com)
The need to control differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro presents another set of challenges. (ddw-online.com)
An idea just in the planning stage is to select embryonal stem cells (ESCs) in vitro for phenotypes that may retard aging. (jax.org)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride also inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors (ALK2, ALK3 and ALK6), promotes cardiomyogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro and promotes neural differentiation of hPSCs as part of a chemical cocktail. (tocris.com)
Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
Hatten ME, Shelanski ML. Mouse cerebellar granule neurons arrest the proliferation of human and rodent astrocytoma cells in vitro. (jscimedcentral.com)
We have developed a powerful pipeline to systematically discover drug resistance in mammalian cells in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)

During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Metabolomic profiles of somatic cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reflect their metabolic phenotypes. (shengsci.com)

It has been reported that Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases, is involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA binding homeobox transcription factor involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation, renewal, and pluripotency. (nih.gov)

In the current issue of the same journal [6], researchers compared the frequency and type of mutation induced in embryonic stem cells and embryonic somatic cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
They found that the spontaneous mutation frequency in ES cells is 100-fold lower than that in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (a somatic cell line), which is similar to adult cells in vivo . (i-sis.org.uk)
But, although the mutation frequency of genes was much lower in ES cells, mutant ES cells accumulated with time in culture. (i-sis.org.uk)
We are developing single-cell genome sequencing technologies to enable the discovery of the entire spectrum of DNA mutation -including the acquisition of ploidy changes, aneuploidies, copy number variants, structural variants, retrotranspositions, indels, and single nucleotide variants. (sanger.ac.uk)
[ 12 ] In one Bosnian family, five patients had the same recurrent mutation Y279C in the PTPN11 gene, but had different phenotypes and a variable expression of multiple lentigines. (medscape.com)
POT1 mutation carriers had a range of benign and malignant neoplasms involving epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuronal tissues in addition to B- and T-cell lymphoma and myeloid cancers. (cdc.gov)

Applications of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, capable of reprogramming somatic tissue of different species and generating species-specific neuronal phenotypes, for the first time offer an opportunity to test specific evolutionary hypotheses in a field of inquiry that has been long plagued by the limited availability of research specimens. (ca.gov)
In this study, we provide evidence that Sirt6 is involved in mouse somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the molecular mechanism underlying the reprogramming process has been an active area of research. (biomedcentral.com)
And later both our group and others reported that Sirt1 can promote the efficiency of reprogramming and maintain characteristics of iPS cell [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, whether and how other sirtuins, especially nuclear epigenetic regulator Sirt6, regulate mouse somatic reprogramming still remains exclusive. (biomedcentral.com)
But the exact role of Sirt6 in mouse somatic reprogramming and iPS cell differentiation remains unrevealed. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we sought to determine the role of Sirt6 in mouse somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation may mediate macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. (biomed.news)
The conferment of beneficial-pluripotency related traits via in vivo partial cellular reprogramming (IVPR) significantly extends lifespan and restores aging phenotypes in mouse models. (biorxiv.org)
The compound can also be used in protocols for the chemical reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs.Shown to induce autophagy in cancer cell lines via a mechanism independent of AMPK inhibition. (tocris.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
Reprogramming of somatic cells to the phenotypic state termed "induced pluripotency" is thought to occur through three consecutive stages: initiation, maturation and stabilisation. (ncl.ac.uk)
In view of this we postulated that manipulation of this pathway would have significant impacts on reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. (ncl.ac.uk)
Accordingly, we found that key components of the JNK/SAPK signalling pathway increase expression as early as day 3 of the reprogramming process and continue to rise in reprogrammed cells throughout the initiation and maturation stages. (ncl.ac.uk)
Together these data provide new evidence for an indispensable role for JNK/SAPK signalling to overcome the well-established molecular barriers in human somatic cell induced reprogramming. (ncl.ac.uk)
Reprogramming somatic cells to become spermatogonial stem cells is one of the steps. (justcarehealth.com)
Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming. (unicyte.ch)
These vesicles can transfer signals capable of altering cell function and/or reprogramming targeted cells. (unicyte.ch)
Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
We are developing single-cell epigenomics technologies to overcome these limitations, enabling the discovery and classification of novel subpopulations of cells, the unknown epigenomic repertoire of rare cells and to obtain deeper insight in epigenomic maintenance and reprogramming. (sanger.ac.uk)
Transdifferentiation is a type of cellular reprogramming involving the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another. (silverchair.com)
Here, we explore the evolution of reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches within the context of hepatocyte to β-cell transdifferentiation focussing on how the introduction of new techniques has improved our ability to generate β-cells. (silverchair.com)
Here, we discuss how transcription factors, and their unique position as the gatekeepers of cellular identity, are exploited in cell reprogramming protocols by exploring work focusing on one reprogramming paradigm - the transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to pancreatic beta cells (β-cell). (silverchair.com)
Reprogramming of somatic (e.g., skin or blood) cells is an emerging technology which gives the possibility to develop any cell type avoiding the ethical concerns with the use of human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
We are currently generating neurons by iPS and iN cell technology aiming to produce cortical neurons and after intracerebral transplantation or direct in vivo reprogramming of non-neuonal cells restore damaged neuronal network. (lu.se)
Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)

Lastly, we showed that higher levels of ELAVL4, an RNA binding protein that has been implicated in AD etiology through multiple lines of evidence, ameliorate AD phenotypes in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. (ru.nl)
During this fascinating process, a pluripotent stem cell population in the early embryo gives rise to the three germ layers from which all organ systems develop. (sanger.ac.uk)

ESCs are immortal, but develop into normal tissues, including germ cells, after injection into an early embryo. (jax.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are potentially unlimited cell sources for cellular therapies due to the unique capacities of PSCs to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into cells from all three germ lineages (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)

Some in vivo transplantation studies have reported robust (35-50%) levels of transdifferentiation, which makes it unlikely that the results are due to cell fusion events. (i-sis.org.uk)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Biology and Functionality: Implications for Autologous Transplantation. (shengsci.com)
Studies have increasingly focused on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation for neurological diseases [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
this limitation has been overcome via ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, to produce large quantities of these cells as an attractive source for cellular transplantation [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Efficient mobilization of HSPC is a prerequisite for the successful stem cell collection and consecutive transplantation. (conferencedequebec.org)
Accumulated data indicate that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be effective under optimal conditions in preventing the progression of central nervous system symptoms in neuronopathic forms of lysosomal storage diseases, including some of the mucopolysaccharidoses, oligosaccharidoses, sphingolipidoses, and lipidoses. (medscape.com)
Although longitudinal natural history data are limited, published guidelines are available to assist with decisions related to the pursuit of transplantation and whether to use bone marrow or umbilical cord blood-derived cells. (medscape.com)
Some evidence indicates that at least in certain disorders, combination ERT and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation together might be superior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation alone in patients who are appropriate candidates. (medscape.com)
The availability of both ERT and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has prompted ongoing consideration of newborn screening efforts to diagnose lysosomal storage diseases. (medscape.com)
In addition, using iPS and iN cell technology patient-specific cells can be generated for transplantation, avoiding the need for immunosuppression and risk for rejection. (lu.se)
By linking together basic and clinical research, we aim to clarify cellular mechanisms of regeneration following damage to the brain and develop new therapeutic strategies to restore function in this organ (primarily in stroke and Parkinson's disease) by transplantation of stem cells or reprogrammed cells and optimization of endogenous repair mechanisms. (lu.se)
Our laboratory for the first time combines transplantation of stem cells, stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis and modulation of inflammatory responses in order to develop clinically effective cell replacement therapies for human neurodegenerative diseases. (lu.se)
Treatment of adenosine deaminase deficiency is by bone marrow or stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy. (msdmanuals.com)

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a disorder of the multipotent hematopoietic stem cell that manifests as excess production of normal erythrocytes and variable overproduction of leukocytes and platelets. (medscape.com)
Future work will include detailed proteomic profiling of ontogeny-specific leukemic features, investigation of the mechanistic details of hematopoietic stem cell plasticity, as well as specific types of post-translational modifications of particular importance in early hematopoiesis. (lu.se)

However, obtaining primary neuronal cells from adult tissue is difficult and faces major ethical issues in clinical practice. (hindawi.com)
Direct neuronal conversion of resident glial cells is advantageous since they are ubiquitously distributed brain cells able to self-renew and replenish their number, making them ideal candidates for endogenous repair. (lu.se)

Neither the title of the paper, nor the abstract mentioned that in the experiment, five out of 25 rats receiving the transplant died with "teratoma-like tumors" in their brains, a well-known hazard of ES cells. (i-sis.org.uk)

The use of mouse feeder layers and animal serum are particularly problematic in the culturing of stem cells for possible therapeutic applications. (ddw-online.com)
Britain s House of Lords final approval of therapeutic human cloning and embryonic stem cells research has intensified the battle for ascendancy between adult and embryonic stem cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
Augmented T cell function leading to host damage in autoimmunity is supported by metabolic dysregulation, making targeting immunometabolism an attractive therapeutic avenue. (biomed.news)
Taken together, our work highlights a potential therapeutic avenue for repurposing canagliflozin as an intervention for T cell-mediated autoimmunity. (biomed.news)
The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
Collectively, the RAD18-YAP-TGF-β loop is essential for the promotion of the stemness phenotype by TNBC and could be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC. (nature.com)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
A better understanding of the levers governing transcription factor activity benefits our ability to generate therapeutic cell types at will. (silverchair.com)

Isolation and cultivation of somatic stem cells and their application to ischemic tissue. (muni.cz)
Compared to primary cells, stem cells are more versatile for differentiation, are often immortalized, and do not require direct isolation from tissue. (sens.org)
The stem cells were cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) to simulate the lung airway where GCH is most evident, and were treated with IL-13, a protein known to induce goblet cell differentiation and is overexpressed in COPD lung tissue. (sens.org)
Two reports appeared as advance online publications in the top British journal Nature , accompanied by a news report that begins, "The hyped ability of adult stem cells to sprout replacement tissue types is being called into question. (i-sis.org.uk)
Here, following pulmonary immunization with a Salmonella vaccine strain, mouse MAIT cells expanded as separate CD127-Klrg1+ and CD127+Klrg1- antigen-adapted populations that differed in terms of their transcriptome, function and localization in lung tissue. (biomed.news)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)
In multiple organs, including the lungs, age-related tissue and organ dysfunction interferes with tissue regeneration, which requires functional stem cells. (karger.com)
Stem cells of all organs - including the lung, which harbors distinct stem cells for each separate tissue that makes up the lung as a whole - reside in niches described as a microenvironment that supports and maintains the 'stemness' of cells as a critical reservoir for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
Oddly enough, the serum MCP-1 Metoclopramide HCl level elevated and peaked at six h after c-lipo pretreatment quickly, suggesting which the MCP-1 made by c-lipo-phagocytized Compact disc68+ Kupffer cells Metoclopramide HCl may recruit Compact disc11b+ macrophages in the periphery and bone tissue marrow. (enmd-2076.com)
Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)

Understanding transitions from one cell type or state to another is in the focus of modern molecular biology. (nature.com)
Thus, we provide new evidence that the molecular phenotype of CIS cells is similar to that of gonocytes. (ku.dk)
3 Today, serologic and molecular techniques, along with laboratory information systems and electronic health records, contribute to precise blood product management and personalized transfusion therapies, particularly benefiting complex patients with sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and other diseases requiring chronic transfusion support. (cap.org)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
These data could help us to understand the possible viral infections in different stem cells and the activation of specific molecular mechanisms upon viral entrance. (shengsci.com)
Unlike aged somatic cells, which exhibit a decline in molecular fidelity and eventually reach a state of replicative senescence, pluripotent stem cells can indefinitely replenish themselves while retaining full homeostatic capacity. (biorxiv.org)
Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the molecular and regulatory mechanisms of differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) into liver cells. (aging-us.com)
Over the past few decades, in addition to advances in biological treatment research, molecular biology, cell bioengineering, and the stem cell research, stem cell therapy has emerged as an economic and feasible liver disease treatment for the end-stage liver disease [ 3 ], particularly decompensated cirrhosis liver failure and advanced liver cancer, and offers an effective strategy with no limit of supply and demand [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)
Another key molecular axis is the interaction between MK2-IN-1 hydrochloride stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1 or CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4, expressed on the cell surface of HSPC. (conferencedequebec.org)
In this review, we examine aging as a process dependent on specific changes in molecular pathways within multiple lung cell populations. (karger.com)
We are developing wet-lab and computational methods to explore the transcriptomes of single cells, allowing for instance the discovery of novel cell types in complex tissues, the exploration of cell types/cell states and molecular processes involved in normal development and disease processes, and constructing roadmaps of cellular differentiation by pseudo-time ordering of single-cell transcriptomes. (sanger.ac.uk)
For our understanding of gastrulation to be taken to another level, we need to measure the molecular behaviour of each individual cell so that we can see how decisions about cell specialisation are taken. (sanger.ac.uk)
Thymic epithelial cells (TEC) avert autoimmunity through their ability to promiscuously express virtually the entire protein-coding gene repertoire as a molecular library against which immature T cells are selected. (sanger.ac.uk)
An integrative analysis of the transcriptome, epigenome and proteome of distinct TEC subpopulations will be used to attain an unparalleled systems-level understanding of the molecular conditions that select a tolerant T cell repertoire under normal physiological conditions. (sanger.ac.uk)
Molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancer: a synthesis of human and mouse model data. (cancerindex.org)

Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To get a new insight into pluripotency, we employed a plurifaceted experimental design combining expression proteomics with the proteome-wide integral solubility alteration (PISA) assay 7 to compare pluripotent cells with their isogenic progenies and parental cells as well as with allogeneic cells. (nature.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells, comprising both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, possess two remarkable features: pluripotency - the ability to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types of the adult organism - and self-renewal - the ability to indefinitely divide and produce cells with unchanged potential. (databasefootball.com)
The team subsequently focused on the examination of effects of centrosome depletion on stem cell properties to find that the centrosome loss led to downregulation of regulators of pluripotency OCT-4 and NANOG and a concomitant increase in the expression of proteins which marked the initiation of differentiation program (namely p53, PAX-6, brachyury etc. (databasefootball.com)
A process where fully differentiated or specialized cells revert to pluripotency or a less differentiated cell type. (bvsalud.org)

Identifying this essential factor not only helps us understand the biology of adult germline stem cells but could also allow us to one day reprogram somatic cells, like a type of skin cell called fibroblasts, to become germline stem cells, essentially creating a gamete in a petri dish. (justcarehealth.com)

Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties to restore and repair injured tissues, making them attractive candidates for cell-based therapies. (shengsci.com)
To date, RUNX2 has been involved in diverse physiological processes, including osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, chondrocyte hypertrophy, immunomodulation, vascular invasion and endothelial cell migration via modulating a variety of signaling cascades (e.g. (spandidos-publications.com)
The use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hTERT-BMSCs) as vehicles to deliver antinociceptive galanin (GAL) molecules into pain-processing centers represents a novel cell therapy strategy for pain management. (hindawi.com)
Issazadeh-Navikas S. Alerting the immune system via stromal cells is central to the prevention of tumor growth. (jscimedcentral.com)

To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (unicyte.ch)
In the present review we focus on the extracellular vesicle-induced epigenetic changes in recipient cells that may lead to phenotypic and functional modifications. (unicyte.ch)

For COPD, a number of disease models have been developed using primary cells, including human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and pediatric asthmatic bronchial cells. (sens.org)

For example, RAD18 plays a vital role in regulating the DNA stability of embryonic stem cells and cellular homeostasis in highly prolific cells [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
JNK/SAPKs are stress activated MAPK kinases that play an essential role in several processes known to be important for successful completion of the initiation phase such as cellular proliferation, mesenchymal to epithelial transition and cell cycle regulation. (ncl.ac.uk)
At the cellular level, aging is marked by depletion of adult stem cell reservoirs, the inability to maintain baseline homeostasis, a reduced response to stress, an increased accumulation of damaged DNA leading to telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 1,2 ]. (karger.com)
The aim of the Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre is to develop and apply methods for capturing the complete genetic content of single cells in a high-throughput manner, allowing us to explore the nature and role of cellular heterogeneity in normal development and disease. (sanger.ac.uk)
Epigenomic mechanisms enable functional diversification of cells with identical genomes, and their study is fundamental to understanding cellular identity and function. (sanger.ac.uk)
Cellular identity is determined by the transcriptional profile which comprises the subset of mRNAs, and therefore proteins, being expressed by a cell at a given point in time. (silverchair.com)
Increasing evidence emphasize that a substantial variance of protein expression is conveyed at the levels of protein synthesis and degradation, and that post-transcriptional control of gene expression plays a critical role in multiple aspects of cell biology, including coordination of cellular processes and rapid alteration of cellular phenotype. (lu.se)

The observation that only one mutated allele of the SERCA2 is sufficient to produce clinical symptoms suggests that proper "gene dosage" is necessary for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in cells. (wikipedia.org)
The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)
Indeed, the potent pathotropic migratory properties of BMSCs and ability to circumvent both the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic cells and many of the moral reasons associated with embryonic stem cell use suggest that BMSCs are most promising stem cells as a potential target for the clinical use of genetically engineered stem cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Controlled expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using reproducible, high-throughput methods could accelerate stem cell research for clinical therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)
We are currently performing clinical study to characterize the phenotype and gene expression profile of peripheral blood monocytes in patients with stroke. (lu.se)
PheWAS of LTL identified 67 distinct clinical phenotypes associated with both short and long LTL. (cdc.gov)
Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)
Next, in order to study the potential of autologous cell replacement therapy we transplanted progenitors derived from a PD patient into a pre-clinical rat model. (lu.se)

Detailed characterization of cell type transitions is essential for cell biology in general and particularly for the development of stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. (nature.com)
The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. (lu.se)

We speculate that disturbed development of somatic cells in the fetal testis may play a role in allowing undifferentiated cells to survive in the postnatal testes. (ku.dk)
Inclusion of fetal bovine serum in stem cell media further contributes to an illdefined culture system. (ddw-online.com)
Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for example, is a type that begins as a differentiated somatic cell but is reverted back to a stem cell. (sens.org)
The advent of iPSCs has opened up the possibility to graft patient-specific cells which most likely would circumvent the need for immunosuppression. (lu.se)

We apply our method to study differences between human pluripotent stem cells and several cell types including their parental cell line and differentiated progeny. (nature.com)
In the study Inactivation of PLK4-STIL Module Prevents Self-Renewal and Triggers p53-Dependent Differentiation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Renzova and colleagues blocked the function of PLK4 or STIL with the idea to put a brake on the centrosome duplication pathway and hence to prevent centrosome to duplicate in stem cells. (databasefootball.com)

Neither report cited a paper published last year in the journal Blood [4], where a group from the Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, reported the most comprehensive experiments proving that a single adult stem cell can differentiate into all cell types in culture. (i-sis.org.uk)
The cells could be made to differentiate into bone forming cells, cartilage forming cells, fat cells, skeletal muscle cells and endothelial cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can undergo an asymmetric self-renewal division to produce one descendant like itself and one descendant whose progeny ultimately differentiate into a defined cell type( Fuchs and Segre, 2000 ). (biologists.com)
We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
Proteins are the machinery of the cell, responsible for executing the functions essential for cells to operate, survive, differentiate and divide. (lu.se)

(A) Lamina-associated domains (LADs), at the nuclear envelope, schematized from analyses of cell populations using genome-wide approaches such as DamID- or ChIP-sequencing. (frontiersin.org)
and 3) assess the brain somatic genome consequences of chromatin remodeling dysfunction. (hhs.gov)
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 is well known for the maintenance of genome stability and cell survival through many DNA damage response (DDR) pathways such as translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) [ 4 , 5 ]. (nature.com)
We are developing and applying methods to explore the genome, epigenome and transcriptome of single cells in order to better understand normal development and disease processes. (sanger.ac.uk)
Single-cell genome analyses overcome these issues. (sanger.ac.uk)
In a whole-genome sequencing in 17 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases and whole-exome sequencing in 71 cases, Song (2014), reported ASH1L alterations. (cancerindex.org)
Numerous factors localize at telomeres to regulate their length, structure and function, to avert replicative senescence or genome instability and cell death. (cdc.gov)

Highly enriched cell populations were obtained and subjected to gene expression analysis. (ku.dk)
This approach uses a modified piggyBac transposon to generate libraries of mutagenized cells, each containing transposon insertions that randomly activate nearby gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

4 It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and homeostasis of several cell lines including melanocytic (pigment), hematologic (blood), mast, and germ cells. (creation.com)
We analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from DNA in the peripheral-blood cells of 17,182 persons who were unselected for hematologic phenotypes. (nih.gov)

The remarkable potential of stem cells to generate several hundred differentiated cell types is driving their use for regenerative medicine and for supporting the traditional drug discovery and development process (Figure 1). (ddw-online.com)
Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

Recent studies have revealed that cell fate specification, neural plasticity, and circuit formation are mediated, in part, by chromatin. (hhs.gov)

Because of their specific niche and a limited number of stem cells, the key question is whether there are different anti-viral mechanisms against viral infection notably COVID-19. (shengsci.com)
However, Dad-lacZ expression within the germline is present only in GSCs and to a lower level in CBs, suggesting there are mechanisms that actively restrict Dpp signaling in germ cells. (biologists.com)
This novel technology of quantitative assessment of dynamic phenotypes by physical tools has therefore enabled Nt5e us to define different mechanisms of function for various extrinsic factors compared to naturally occurring chemokines. (conferencedequebec.org)
For these reasons developing experimental strategies that could be used to understand, identify and predict mechanisms of resistance in different malignant cells would be a major advance. (biomedcentral.com)
This cost-effective approach can be readily applied to different cell lines, to identify canonical or context specific resistance mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell signalling and transcriptional networks are known to regulate aspects of gastrulation, but the precise mechanisms have not been investigated at the single cell level. (sanger.ac.uk)
Small Indels in the Androgen Receptor Gene: Phenotype Implications and Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. (medscape.com)

ACF1 is expressed in somatic and germline cells, with notable enrichment in germline stem cells and oocytes. (cipsm.de)
The available experimental data support the hypothesis that the cap cells(CpCs) at the anterior tip of the germarium form an environmental niche for germline stem cells (GSCs) of the Drosophila ovary. (biologists.com)
Longer term objectives include employing DOT1L and other germline stem cell self-renewal factors to assist individuals with reproductive issues. (justcarehealth.com)

Bone marrow stem cells, including the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are being considered as potential targets for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. (hindawi.com)
For example, it has been suggested that homophilic, N-cadherin-mediated adhesion between HSPC and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) supports long-term maintenance of the primitive HSPC pool4C6. (conferencedequebec.org)

The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
First, we utilized single cell sequencing to dissect the differentiation of stem cells to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (lu.se)

In addition, the contributions of these mosaic somatic variants to phenotype and disease aetiology remain largely unknown. (sanger.ac.uk)

(B) Analysis of single cells however (e.g., by FISH) indicates that not all LADs mapped in cell populations are found at the nuclear periphery in all cells. (frontiersin.org)
These populations remained altered from steady state for months as stable, separate MAIT cell lineages with enhanced effector programmes and divergent metabolism. (biomed.news)
While much work has focused on the failure of epithelial cell populations as a key component of the aging process, additional studies have shown that aging, as a global phenomenon in the lung, also impacts resident endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cell populations. (karger.com)
However, the majority of our current understanding derives from interpreting average epigenomic signatures across large cell populations, masking epigenomic variation within the population of cells. (sanger.ac.uk)

These cells are the original precursors of various cells in a tumor, whereas other intratumoral cells are limited in terms of their potential for proliferation and pluripotent differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
High expression of RAD18 facilitated a highly stem-cell phenotype through the Hippo/YAP pathway, which supports the proliferation of TNBC. (nature.com)
Inhibition of JNK/SAPK signalling results in reduced cell proliferation, disruption of mesenchymal to epithelial transition and loss of the pluripotent phenotype, which either singly or in combination prevent establishment of pluripotent colonies. (ncl.ac.uk)
Dong H, Zhu G, Tamada K, Chen L. B7-H1, a third member of the B7 family, co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and interleukin-10 secretion. (jscimedcentral.com)
In the plethoric phase, the goal of treatment is controlling thrombotic episodes by restraining monoclonal proliferation rather than restoring polyclonal growth and maturation of cells. (medscape.com)

Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
Additionally, RAD18 functions beyond DNA repair and may regulate many other key biological processes, such as chromatin strengthening, cell survival/death, stemness, and differentiation. (nature.com)
Importantly, the proteomic make-up of blood stem cells and progenitors can regulate their cell fate and susceptibility to initiation as well as progression of leukemia. (lu.se)

Neurons and glia are commonly affected, likely because of the relative paucity of cell turnover in the central nervous system, yet non-neuronopathic forms of lysosomal storage disease exist. (medscape.com)
We are transplanting different types of neuroblasts generated either from human skin cell-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells or via direct conversion of skin cells to neurons (iN cells) (Fig.1). (lu.se)
Because of this local degeneration of a relatively small population of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, PD has been considered an especially interesting candidate for cell-replacement therapy. (lu.se)
This approach could be potentially applied directly in the brain by targeting resident cells as a source of new neurons. (lu.se)

Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)

However, the mechanism through which RAD18 influences triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, remains elusive. (nature.com)
This balance is in turn regulated by interactions between MK2-IN-1 hydrochloride stem cells and their microenvironment-the so-called niche. (conferencedequebec.org)
by contributing to sustained chronic inflammation as a result of modulating the immune cells so that the tumor microenvironment is activated by invasion of immune suppressive regulatory T cells, and/or by mediating the release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells with no anti-tumor activity. (jscimedcentral.com)
The interplay between the gliomas, the tumor microenvironment and infiltrating immune cells can hold key information to how to utilize PD-L1/PD-1 directed immunotherapies to successfully treat GBM patients. (jscimedcentral.com)
This divergent effect might be dependent on the glioma subclass, expression levels of PD-L1 and PD-L1 regulatory molecules, but most importantly on the cell type that express PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. (jscimedcentral.com)
Up-regulation of PD-L1, IDO, and T(regs) in the melanoma tumor microenvironment is driven by CD8(+) T cells. (jscimedcentral.com)
The cell phenotype is therefore determined by signals that target the cells received within a defined microenvironment. (unicyte.ch)
Increasingly, complimentary cell culture techniques, which recapitulate the developmental microenvironment, are employed to coax cells to adopt new identities by indirectly regulating transcription factor activity via intracellular signalling pathways. (silverchair.com)

CIS cells were suggested to arise from primordial germ cells or gonocytes. (ku.dk)
Expression of the signature subunit ACF1 is restricted during embryonic development, but remains high in primordial germ cells. (cipsm.de)
Moreover, in females doubly mutant for bam and the ubiquitin protein ligase Smurf , the number of germ cells responsive to Dpp is greatly increased relative to the number observed in either single mutant. (biologists.com)
So they made the decision to investigate what would happen if they altered the gene just in these germ cells. (justcarehealth.com)
In a second experiment, the researchers looked at what would happen if DOT1L was inactivated in germ cells throughout adulthood rather than at birth. (justcarehealth.com)
Wang and colleagues found that the identical progressive loss of sperm development they had seen in the mice born without DOT1L in their germ cells occurred as soon as the DOT1L loss was activated. (justcarehealth.com)
The idea is to generate germ cells from scratch. (justcarehealth.com)

In addition, normal adult stem cells (ASCs) self-renew, proliferate infinitely, have a multidirectional differentiation potential, similar to that of tumor cells, and can transform more easily into tumor stem cells than non-stem cells [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to mobilizing HSPC, the interference with the CXCR4-SDF1 axis has also been proposed as a possible strategy to mobilize malignant stem cells from their protective niche, hence making tumor stem cells even more susceptible to irradiation or chemo- therapy. (conferencedequebec.org)

Furthermore, we showed that Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line has intrinsically a differentiation defect even though the establishment of normal self-renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, self-renewal potential of these cells was strongly compromised, the cells stopped proliferating 4-5 days after the centrosome duplication block was applied. (databasefootball.com)
Introduction Functions of somatic stem cells are strictly governed by an appropriate balance between self-renewal and differentiation. (conferencedequebec.org)
By chance, the researchers discovered DOT1L's function in stem cell self-renewal. (justcarehealth.com)
a number of lines of research suggested a connection between DOT1L and a lack of stem cell self-renewal. (justcarehealth.com)
These transcription factors probably contribute to the stem cell self-renewal process. (justcarehealth.com)
Stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal to maintain stem cell reserves, and, when required, to produce new, terminally differentiated cells. (karger.com)

This is a critical review of the stem cell field using iPSC technology to model human disease and for evolutionary studies. (ca.gov)

Over the last 20 years techniques used to reprogram cells to alternative identities have advanced dramatically. (silverchair.com)

More importantly, we may be able to develop more substantial models using stem cells. (sens.org)
Importantly, canagliflozin-treated T cells derived from patients with autoimmune disorders impaired their effector function. (biomed.news)

The finding that adult cells can fuse with ES cells is therefore irrelevant to the debate, and the fact that it was used in an attempt to discredit adult stem cells is itself revealing, particularly in view of other recent findings on ES cells. (i-sis.org.uk)

The expression profile of CIS cells was compared with microdissected gonocytes, oogonia, and cultured embryonic stem cells with and without genomic aberrations. (ku.dk)
We did not find indications that CIS was derived from a meiotic cell, and the similarity to embryonic stem cells was modest compared with gonocytes. (ku.dk)
Stem cells, and in particular human embryonic stem (ES) cells, have earned a reputation for being labour intensive and difficult to grow and control in culture. (ddw-online.com)
SALL4 is a transcription factor that is important for development and embryonic stem cell properties. (confex.com)
This latest anti-publicity on adult stem cells comes on the heels of a paper announcing success in embryonic stem (ES) cell transplant in a Parkinson rat model published in the house journal of the United States National Academy of Sciences [5]. (i-sis.org.uk)
In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)

The further development of CIS into invasive germ cell tumors may depend on signals from their postpubertal niche of somatic cells, including hormones and growth factors from Leydig and Sertoli cells. (ku.dk)
During the process of development, neural crest cells migrate out from their niche between the newly formed ectoderm and the neural tube. (shengsci.com)
G-CSF, the standard and most widely used agent for this purpose over the past 25 years, mobilizes stem cells from the marrow niche by secretion of neutrophil-associated extracellular proteases which subsequently releases HSPC from their niche22,23. (conferencedequebec.org)
Several research indicated that seductive get in touch with between CXCR4 portrayed on tumor cells and SDF1 in the specific niche market might represent an integral system for metastatic spread and tumor level of resistance37,38. (conferencedequebec.org)
During aging, a decline in organ function can be traced to a loss of stem cell function due to increased cell turnover, depletion of stem cells, and alterations to the stem cell niche. (karger.com)

Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
They may instead be fusing with existing cells, creating genetically mixed-up tissues with unknown health effects" [1]. (i-sis.org.uk)
Stem cells represent a small fraction of cells located in different tissues. (shengsci.com)
Protein binding between nearby cells helps cells stick to one another (cell adhesion) and communicate, which are important for the normal shaping (patterning) of many tissues and organs before birth. (medlineplus.gov)
A deficiency of ephrin B1 protein prevents cell adhesion, which disrupts normal patterning in tissues before birth, leading to the signs and symptoms of craniofrontonasal syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Cells Tissues Organs. (cancercentrum.se)

b Cells were collected and heated in a narrow temperature range, with one sample incubated at 37 °C for expression measurements, protein aggregates were eliminated by ultracentrifugation and the soluble proteins were digested. (nature.com)
Use of feeder layers requires two cell types to be maintained in parallel and introduces mouse proteins into the culture system. (ddw-online.com)
We evaluated the expression of SALL4 using single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) utilizing 28 antibodies including surface lineage markers and intracellular proteins, such as p53, ki67, c-myc and pAKT to identify SALL4 expressed cells and related pathway in bone marrow (BM) for 10 MDS patients. (confex.com)
Centrosome duplicates once per cell cycle, with proteins PLK4 and STIL playing the pivotal role in the regulation of a key step in centrosome cycle - the duplication of centrioles. (databasefootball.com)
This protein spans the cell membrane where it can attach (bind) to other proteins on the surface of neighboring cells. (medlineplus.gov)

ATP2A2 encodes the SERCA2 protein, which is a calcium pump localized to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in nearly all cells and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
To systematically study such transitions, we introduce a method that simultaneously measures protein expression and thermal stability changes in cells and provide the web-based visualization tool ProteoTracker. (nature.com)
These transitions are enacted by profound changes in protein composition of the cells. (nature.com)
The combined proteomic approach called PISA-Express implemented here uses just two samples per replicate analysis of a cell type (Fig. 1a, b ) to assess both the protein abundance and solubility. (nature.com)
Fig. 1: Protein thermal stability and expression changes in cell-type transitions. (nature.com)
In the second report [3], mouse bone marrow cells marked with green fluorescent protein were found to fuse with ES cells in culture in the presence of the cytokine, interleukin-3, which is known to encourage cell fusion. (i-sis.org.uk)
In contrast to the above model, we find that an enhancer trap inserted near the Dpp target gene, Daughters against Dpp ( Dad ), is expressed in additional somatic cells within the germarium,suggesting that Dpp protein may be distributed throughout the anterior germarium. (biologists.com)
The encoded protein can block ES cell differentiation and can also autorepress its own expression in differentiating cells. (nih.gov)

In addition, the cytokine byproduct TGF-β activates macrophages to have an M2-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype. (nature.com)

Stem cell therapy has broad application prospects in liver disease [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Additionally, the therapy reduced stem cells' capacity to methylate histones. (justcarehealth.com)
This cell type conversion potentially represents a novel therapy in T1D treatment. (silverchair.com)
We consider how, over the last 20 years, advances in genetic engineering and cell culture techniques have improved the efficiency and efficacy of the transdifferentiation process and brought us closer to a clinically relevant therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). (silverchair.com)
Gene therapy is experimental but in the future may help correct both somatic and neurologic abnormalities in a lysosomal storage disorder. (medscape.com)
The overall aim of this thesis has been to assess the potential of autologous grafting in cell replacement therapy for PD. (lu.se)
Somatic cell gene therapy is being evaluated as well. (msdmanuals.com)

For instance, a recent study by our group reported the facilitating effect of RUNX2 during aggressiveness and chemoresistance of TNBC cells via activating MMP1, which was significantly associated with poor prognosis ( 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The hybrid cells carrying four sets of chromosomes (instead of the usual two) behaved as stem cells when injected into mouse embryos. (i-sis.org.uk)
We are applying single cell sequencing techniques to profile the majority of the cells in mouse postimplantation embryos. (sanger.ac.uk)

culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)

Alternatively, stem cell cultures can be grown on extracellular matrix extracts and supplemented with conditioned medium from mouse fibroblast cultures. (ddw-online.com)
Novel Roles of Nanog in Cancer Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles. (nih.gov)
In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)

Can precancerous stem cells be risk markers for malignant transformation in the oral mucosa? (biomedcentral.com)
In response to endogenous and exogenous insults, malignant cells mostly have an intensive DNA repair capacity that allows them to proliferate and survive. (nature.com)

Han Y , He X , Lee S , Mao Y , Liu X , Sun H , Jin M , Kwon T , . Network analysis for the identification of hub genes and related molecules as potential biomarkers associated with the differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells into hepatocytes. (aging-us.com)
Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) are widely used as adult stem cells, which originate from the mesoderm [ 5 , 6 ]. (aging-us.com)
In recent years, peripheral HSPC have largely replaced bone marrow-derived cells for autologous transplants, and they have become the major source of stem cells also for allogeneic transplantations16C21. (conferencedequebec.org)

Identifying the right cocktail of media conditions, supplements and growth factors that successfully drive stem cells toward a desired lineage on a reproducible basis is a time-consuming, iterative exercise. (ddw-online.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an exceptionally lethal malignancy for which more effective therapies are urgently needed. (cancerindex.org)
The data presented in this thesis may serve as valuable resources to help optimize future cell replacement therapies for patients suffering from PD. (lu.se)

Anatomy54

Organisms20

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs57

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment57

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care1

Mutations17

Expressed genes1

Progenitor17

Vitro10

Profiles of somatic cells2

Involved in embryonic2

Mutation6

Reprogramming29

Pluripotent stem2

ESCs5

Transplantation14

Hematopoietic stem2

Neuronal2

Abstract1

Therapeutic10

Tissue13

Molecular15

Pluripotency7

Fibroblasts1

Stromal4

Epigenetic3

Epithelial cells1

Cellular7

Clinical9

Biology4

Fetal3

IPSCs2

Human pluripotent2

Differentiate6

Genome7

Gene expression3

Hematologic2

Regenerative medicine4

Plasticity1

Mechanisms7

Germline3

Mesenchymal stem2

Differentiation of stem cells4

Variants1

Populations4

Proliferation5

Regulate3

Neurons4

Hematopoiesis2

Microenvironment8

Germ cells7

Tumor stem cells2

Self-renewal7

IPSC1

Reprogram1

Importantly2

Adult cells1

Embryonic stem7

Niche5

Tissues7

Proteins5

Protein8

Macrophage1

Therapy7

TNBC1

Embryos2

Induce1

Extracellular3

Malignant2

Bone marrow-derived3

Lineage4

Therapies2