• P. Marchese, A. Celi, M. Fiorini and M. Gabaldi, "Effects of Annealing on Crystallinity and Phase Behavior of PET/PC Block Copolymers," European Polymer Journal, Vol. 39, No. 6, June 2003, pp. 1081-1089. (scirp.org)
  • However, the possibility of programming other polymers is present, due to the number of copolymers that can be designed: the possibilities are almost endless. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catalysed and uncatalysed reactive extruded poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) (PET/PC) blends phase structure at compositional range containing 0-100 wt% of both parent polymers were evaluated. (scirp.org)
  • Y. Kong and J. N. Hay, "Miscibility and Crystallization Behavior of Poly(Ethyelene Terephthatale)/Polycarbonate Blends," Polymer, Vol. 43, No. 6, March 2002, pp. 1805- 1811. (scirp.org)
  • C. Carrot, S. Mbarek and M. Jaziri, "Recycling Poly(Ethyelene Terephthalate) Wastes: Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephyhalate)/Polycarbonate Blends and the Effect of a Transesterification Catalyst," Polymer Engineering & Science, Vol. 46, No. 10, 2006, pp. 1378- 1386. (scirp.org)
  • P. Marchese, A. Celi and M. Fiorini, "Influence of Activity of Transesterification Catalysts on the Phase Behavior of PC-PET Blends," Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 203, No. 4, 2002, pp. 695-704. (scirp.org)
  • W. Bu and J. He, "The Effect of Mixing Time on the Morphology of Immiscible Polymer Blends," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 62, No. 9, 1996, pp. 1445- 1456. (scirp.org)
  • By employing 2D POLarization IMaging we can reveal the microstructure of bulk heterojunction all-polymer blends as well as of thin conjugated polymer films prepared by the floating film transfer method [1]. (lu.se)
  • This effect is not a natural property of the polymer, but results from proper programming of the system with the appropriate chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • To overcome the disadvantages of a plastic carrier core and because of advances in polymer chemistry, a core from a thermostable elastomer of crosslinked gutta-percha (GuttaCore™, Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties) has been developed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hamilton offers 21 polymer-based stationary phases as well as two silica gels (C8 and C18) to satisfy most separation/purification needs. (hamiltoncompany.com)
  • Hamilton gives you control to build any column to your specifications with any of our stationary phases in any combination of our column hardware formats. (hamiltoncompany.com)
  • If you need to follow a specific USP monograph, browse our USP qualified stationary phases. (hamiltoncompany.com)
  • Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative approach to effectively separate small polar compounds on polar stationary phases. (springer.com)
  • The purpose of this work was to review the options for the characterization of HILIC stationary phases and their applications for separations of polar compounds in complex matrices. (springer.com)
  • It should first be noted that the first inelastic mechanism of these polymers is the mobility of the chains and the conformational rearrangement of the groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several ways to model the separation mechanism: partition, adsorption, ion exchange, and size exclusion. (springer.com)
  • For historical reasons, it has been reported that HILIC is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography, but the separation mechanism used in HILIC is more complicated than that in NP-LC. (springer.com)
  • These diverse materials may exhibit time-dependent structures under transient or out-of-equilibrium conditions resulting from for example self-assembly processes, phase transitions or in response to external fields, such as flow. (lu.se)
  • NP-LC has been widely used to separate various compounds, from nonpolar to highly polar compounds (note that chromatography was first introduced as a method used in separation science). (springer.com)
  • For example, it is suitable for analyzing compounds in complex systems that always elute near the void in reserved-phase chromatography. (springer.com)
  • A desirable mobile phase would contain high organic content for better sensitivity and also show good on-column retention for polar ionic compounds. (springer.com)
  • Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography has established itself as the separation mode of choice for uncharged highly hydrophilic and amphiphilic compounds that are too polar to be well retained in RP-LC but have insufficient charge to allow effective electrostatic retention in ion-exchange chromatography. (springer.com)
  • A configuration where several phase domains persist and do not fuse, in these models, is described as microphase separation. (nature.com)
  • Models based on microphase separation seem particularly well-suited to explain the internal organization of euchromatin, but their applicability to this organization has not been tested. (nature.com)
  • In the first step the polymers are processed by means of common techniques, such as injection or extrusion, thermoforming, at a temperature (THigh) at which the polymer melts, obtaining a final shape which is called "permanent" shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • These phases are interchangeable, depending on the temperature of the material. (bvsalud.org)
  • Polar samples always show good solubility in the aqueous mobile phase used in HILIC, which overcomes the drawbacks of the poor solubility often encountered in NP-LC. (springer.com)
  • Simutaneously high open circuit voltage and high short circuit current density is a big challenge for achieving high efficiency polymer solar cells due to the excitonic nature of organic semdonductors. (nature.com)
  • The performance of organic photovoltaics crucially depends on the local polymer organization. (lu.se)
  • In its chemically pure state, occurs in two phases: α- found naturally and β- a result of refining, is the predominant phase in dental materials 4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Complexation between two oppositely charged PEs, driven by electrostatic interactions, leads to phase separation into complex (polymer-dense) and supernatant (polymer-lean) phases. (aps.org)
  • This effect can be observed in polymers with very different chemical composition, which opens a great possibility of applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study was designed to demonstrate the ability to control both the final properties of the respective phases (based on comonomer composition and conversion) and the relative rates those properties evolve. (umich.edu)
  • In a ternary comonomer mixture with TDDMA added to BisGMA/ISMA, TDDMA primarily partitions into the ISMA-rich phase to give a BisGMA/ISMA/TDDMA composition of 6:58:36, which provided a polymer with a modulus of 437±18 MPa at 89±2% conversion. (umich.edu)
  • We have demonstrated that replacing divalent ions reverses the phase composition of PE complexes leading to greater retention of divalent ions in the complex phase. (aps.org)
  • The characteristics of the hydrophilic stationary phase may affect and in some cases limit the choices of mobile phase composition, ion strength or buffer pH value available, since mechanisms other than hydrophilic partitioning could potentially occur. (springer.com)
  • Although it has recently been shown that heterochromatin segregates from euchromatin via the physical process of phase separation 15 , 16 , 17 , it remains unclear how the interspersed pattern that is characteristic of the internal organization of euchromatin is established and maintained. (nature.com)
  • Correlation of fluorescence intensity, modulation depth in emission, phase angle of polarization in emission and energy funneling efficiency along a cross section (shown as dashed blue line in image of phase angles). (lu.se)
  • Polymers with thermally induced shape-memory effect are new materials, whose applications are recently being studied in different fields of science (e.g., medicine), communications and entertainment. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results indicate that the alkylsilyl substitution is an effective way in designing high performance conjugated polymer photovoltaic materials. (nature.com)
  • Soft matter is a convenient term encompassing a wide range of materials, such as polymers, surfactants, colloids, emulsions, liquid crystals and various biological materials. (lu.se)
  • While academic literature shows steady progress in combining multi-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and population balance modelling (PBM) of emulsification processes, the computational burden of this approach is still too large for routine use in industry. (mdpi.com)
  • Polymers can be designed according to the desired application, they can be: biodegradable, drug delivery systems (medicinal), antibacterial, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusion: The comonomer selection as well as the initiator choice can be used to control individual phase compositions and reactivity in heterogeneous systems. (umich.edu)
  • Normal or reversed-phase liquid chromatography can be used for analysis. (springer.com)
  • In normal phase liquid chromatography (NP-LC), the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase. (springer.com)
  • Image of polarization phases in emission obtained by 2D POLIM from liquid spread TQ1 film. (lu.se)
  • Localized correlations of several 2D POLIM parameters allow for retriving the local polymer chain organisation within the liquid spread polymer film. (lu.se)
  • The retention increases as the polarity of the mobile phase decreases, and thus polar analytes are more strongly retained than nonpolar ones. (springer.com)
  • As the optical transition dipole in TQ1 is parallel to the polymer backbone, the phase orientations mark local polmer chain orientations. (lu.se)
  • Figure 2 shows how HILIC complements other areas of chromatography and extends the range of separation options. (springer.com)
  • In the non-fullerene PSCs, medium bandgap polymer donor-low bandgap n-OS acceptor pairs are particular interesting due to their complementary absorption in the visible-near infrared region, providing an effective approch for getting a high J sc . (nature.com)
  • Objective: Methacrylate comonomers that undergo thermodynamically-induced phase separation during polymerization have been used to achieve dental polymers that display high conversion and reduced shrinkage. (umich.edu)
  • A phase-separated comonomer formulation prepared with either DMPA, HMP or HMP-C12 showed high reaction rates in both phases, fastest polymerization in the ISMA-poor phase or enhanced rate in the ISMA-rich phase, respectively. (umich.edu)
  • Result: Equilibrium BisGMA/ISMA molar ratios within the separate phases are 87:13 and 3:97. (umich.edu)
  • For a polymer to exhibit this effect, it must have two components at the molecular level: bonds (chemical or physical) to determine the permanent shape and "trigger" segments with a TTrans to fix the temporary shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Z, Zhang, Y. Xie and D. Ma, "Relationship between Miscibility and Chemical Strucutures in Reactive Blending of Poly(Bisphenol A Carbonate) and Poly(Ethylene Tere- phthalate," European Polymer Journal, Vol. 37, No. 10, October 2001, pp. 1961-1966. (scirp.org)
  • material leakage, phase separation, chemical and physical stability issues (Huang et al. (ukessays.com)
  • Mechanical properties of the isolated photo-cured polymers were obtained with a universal testing machine. (umich.edu)
  • In this research article we propose the use of single-phase CFD to map out the local maximum stable droplet diameter within a given device, based on well-known academic droplet break-up studies in quasi-steady 2D linear flows. (mdpi.com)
  • Biopolymers, such as proteins, DNA, and polysaccharides, which are available in almost unlimited quantity in nature, as well as many synthetic polymers, which are industrially produced on a large scale, belong to this fascinating class of polymers. (mdpi.com)
  • The extent of complexation and phase separation is dictated by solution conditions and the nature of the PEs. (aps.org)
  • Polymers with thermally induced shape-memory effect are those polymers that respond to external stimuli and because of this have the ability to change their shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then the effect on semi-crystalline and amorphous polymers must be distinguished. (wikipedia.org)
  • A polymer will exhibit the shape-memory effect if it is susceptible to being stabilized in a given state of deformation, preventing the molecules from slipping and regaining their higher entropy (lower energy) form. (wikipedia.org)
  • This effect in metals and ceramics is based on a change in the crystal structure, called martensitic phase transition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recovery in metals and ceramics involves a change in crystal structure, while recovery in polymers is due to the action of entropic forces and anchor points. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polymers can change their shape with elongations up to 200% while metals have a maximum of 8-10% elongation. (wikipedia.org)