• Cyclic ADP-ribose, frequently abbreviated as cADPR, is a cyclic adenine nucleotide (like cAMP) with two phosphate groups present on 5' OH of the adenosine (like ADP), further connected to another ribose at the 5' position, which, in turn, closes the cycle by glycosidic bonding to the nitrogen 1 (N1) of the same adenine base (whose position N9 has the glycosidic bond to the other ribose). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose, an endogenous metabolite of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was first characterized as a potent Ca2+ mobilizing agent in sea urchin eggs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose is synthesized by adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl cyclases, which have been found to be widespread enzymes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recent data suggests that cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose may function as a second messenger in sea urchin eggs at fertilization and in stimulus secretion coupling in pancreatic beta-cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A second messenger role for cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose requires that its intracellular levels be under the control of extracellular stimuli. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Another second messenger, cGMP, stimulates the synthesis of cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by activating the adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl cyclase pathway in sera urchin eggs and egg homogenates, suggesting that cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose may be an intracellular messenger for cell surface receptors or nitric oxide, which activate cGMP-producing guanylate cyclases. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose may have a similar role to inositol trisphosphate in controlling intracellular calcium signalling with these two calcium-mobilizing second messengers activating ryanodine receptors and inositol trisphosphate receptors respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This inhibition results in an increase in local concentrations of adenosine which acts on the platelet A 2 -receptor thereby stimulating platelet adenylate cyclase and increasing platelet cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • Via this mechanism, platelet aggregation is inhibited in response to various stimuli such as platelet activating factor (PAF), collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (guidelinecentral.com)
  • MPA formation was measured by flow cytometry without addition of platelet agonists and after simulation with the toll-like receptor (TLR)-1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or arachidonic acid (AA). (bvsalud.org)
  • Clopidogrel exerts its antiplatelet effect by inhibiting the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its receptor (P2Y12) and consequent ADP-mediated platelet activation [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In our previous study, several compounds extracted from this herb, including luteolin‑4'‑O‑β‑D‑glucopyranoside (LGP), were revealed to exert inhibitory effects on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‑induced platelet aggregation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Upon vascular injury, platelets are exposed to the subendothelium, and several agonists, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin, are generated at the injury site, which can stimulate platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The two well-established cyclic nucleotides are adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The N1-glycosidic bond to adenine is what distinguishes cADPR from ADP-ribose (ADPR), the non-cyclic analog. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclic ADP-ribose-induced Ca2+ release from rat brain microsomes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), an endogenous NAD+ metabolite in many mammalian and invertebrate tissues, is a potent mediator of calcium mobilization in sea urchin eggs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cyclic ADP-ribose, the ADP-ribosyl cyclase pathway and calcium signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Nicotinamide inhibits cyclic ADP-ribose-mediated calcium signalling in sea urchin eggs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) is a potent Ca(2+)-releasing agent, and putative second messenger, the endogenous levels of which are tightly regulated by synthetic (ADP-ribosyl cyclases) and degradative (cADPR hydrolase) enzymes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CD38 is also a complex ectoenzyme featuring ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase activities, leading to the synthesis and degradation of cADPR, a Ca+-mobilizing agent. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment with IFN-gamma produced a dose- and time-dependent up-regulation of CD38 in monocytes and monocytic lines, which was paralleled by increased ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase activities. (nih.gov)
  • Synthesizes the second messagers cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the former a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion. (drugbank.com)
  • PARIS undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation and poly(ADP-ribose)-mediated solidification. (neurotree.org)
  • The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cyclic nucleotides, like other nucleotides, are composed of three functional groups: a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
  • A cyclic nucleotide, unlike other nucleotides, has a cyclic bond arrangement between the ribose sugar and the phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Cyclic nucleotides form when the phosphate group of the molecule of nucleotide triphosphate (ATP or GTP) is attacked by the 3' hydroxyl group of the ribose, forming a cyclic 3',5'-phosphate ester with release of pyrophosphate. (pancreapedia.org)
  • cADPR and ADPR are synthesized from NAD+ by the bifunctional ectoenzymes of the CD38 family (also includes the GPI-anchored CD157 and the specific, monofunctional ADP ribosyl cyclase of the mollusc Aplysia). (wikipedia.org)
  • Importantly, nicotinamide had no effect upon the hydrolysis of cADPR, and its selective action on cyclase activity was supported by its inhibition of purified Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase, which does not exhibit detectable hydrolytic activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The critical physiological roles of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway have been well characterized in vasodilation and the corresponding therapies and pathway agonists have shown clinical benefits in treating hypertension. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Such actions were mimicked by treatment of hepatocytes with either glucagon or TH-glucagon, an analogue of glucagon which is incapable of activating adenylate cyclase and elevating intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Field M, Graf LH Jr, Laird WJ, Smith PL (1978) Heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli: In vitro effects on guanylate cyclase activity, cyclic GMP concentration, and ion transport in small intestine. (springer.com)
  • A cyclase enzyme (lyase) catalyzes the formation of the cyclic nucleotide from its nucleotide triphosphate precursor ( Figure 1 ). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The channels are important cellular switches which transduce changes in intracellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides into changes of the membrane potential and the Ca2+ concentration. (cipsm.de)
  • There are two main groups of cyclic nucleotides: the canonical or well-established and the non-canonical or unknown-function cyclic nucleotides. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The non-canonical cyclic nucleotides include the purines inosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic IMP), xanthosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic XMP) and the pyrimidines cytidine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic cCMP), uridine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic UMP), and thymidine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cTMP) (145). (pancreapedia.org)
  • An overview of the non-canonical cyclic nucleotides is provided in Section V. (pancreapedia.org)
  • This cyclic conformation allows cyclic nucleotides to bind to proteins to which other nucleotides cannot. (pancreapedia.org)
  • cADPR is produced from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by ADP-ribosyl cyclases (EC 3.2.2.5) as part of a second messenger system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deficiency of this enzyme produces ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP), an extremely rare cause of acute porphyria. (medscape.com)
  • In ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP), deficient ALAD activity leads to a build-up of upstream intermediates in the metabolic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP) is extremely rare, with only 7 confirmed cases worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • All 7 known patients with ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP) had highly variable symptomatology, ranging from failure to thrive in an infant to the development of a polyneuropathy in a 63-year-old man. (medscape.com)
  • ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP) occurs too rarely to determine the frequency in specific races. (medscape.com)
  • No known sexual predilection exists for ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP), but 6 of the 7 reported cases occurred in males. (medscape.com)
  • The onset of ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP) typically occurs at birth or during childhood, although late-onset disease has been recognized. (medscape.com)
  • ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP) is an autosomal recessive porphyria that results from mutations in the ALAD gene on chromosome band 9q34. (medscape.com)
  • Only 8 confirmed cases of ALA dehydratase deficiency porphyria (ADP) have been reported worldwide, with only one of them in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • The 8 reported patients with ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP) had markedly differing clinical courses. (medscape.com)
  • A Swedish boy who had experienced severe ALAD deficiency porphyria (ADP) attacks refractory to treatment since birth underwent liver transplantation at age 6. (medscape.com)
  • No known reason for a sexual predilection exists for ADP. (medscape.com)
  • Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels comprise a small subfamily of proteins within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. (cipsm.de)
  • Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are ion channels which are activated by the binding of cGMP or cAMP. (cipsm.de)
  • Considerably higher resistance against cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases compared to dibutyryl- or 8-Br-cAMP (Cat. (biolog.de)
  • Cyclic nucleotide signaling can be initiated by two general mechanisms. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The end products of this catalytic reaction are a cyclic nucleotide (cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP) and a pyrophosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
  • a mixture of α- + γ- + δ-tocotrienols) on in vivo platelet thrombosis and ex vivo platelet aggregation (PA) after intravenous injection in anesthetized dogs, by using a mechanically stenosed circumflex coronary artery model (Folts' cyclic flow model). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present results indicate that intravenously administered tocotrienols inhibited acute platelet-mediated thrombus formation, and collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Publications] Y. Watanabe: 'Effect of phosphorylation of inhibitory GTP-binding protein by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase on its ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin, islet-activating protein. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Pre-treatment of hepatocytes with either glucagon, TPA or insulin did not affect the ability of pertussis toxin to cause the NAD+-dependent, [32P]ADP-ribosylation of alpha-Gi in membrane fractions isolated from such pre-treated hepatocytes. (strath.ac.uk)
  • As pertussis toxin only causes the ADP-ribosylation of the holomeric form of Gi, it may be that phosphorylation leaves alpha-Gi in its holomeric state. (strath.ac.uk)
  • ADP is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance and only neurologic manifestations. (medscape.com)
  • While the inhibition of cAMP-PDE is weak, therapeutic levels of dipyridamole inhibit cyclic-3',5'-guanosine monophosphate-PDE (cGMP-PDE), thereby augmenting the increase in cGMP produced by EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor, now identified as nitric oxide). (guidelinecentral.com)
  • The antiserum AS7 can specifically immunoprecipitate alpha-Gi from membrane extracts as well as from a mixture of purified alpha-Gi and alpha-Go as ascertained using [32P]ADP-ribosylated G-proteins. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Activator of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP agonist). (biolog.de)
  • ALAD catalyzes the conversion of 2 molecules of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) into the cyclic compound porphobilinogen (PBG). (medscape.com)
  • Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. (unthsc.edu)
  • This occurs via a primary signal that is reinforced by secreted products such as ADP that bind purinergic receptors (P2Y1 and P2Y12) on the platelet surface. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results also indicate that intravenously administered tocotrienols were significantly better than tocopherols in inhibiting cyclic flow reductions (CFRs), a measure of the acute platelet-mediated thrombus formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, platelets from PDS25 have virtually no response to 2-MeSADP (a stable analogue of ADP). (bvsalud.org)
  • Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lead poisoning may produce a clinical picture that mimics ADP. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical onset of ADP typically occurs at birth or during childhood. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with ADP have had highly variable presentations, ranging from failure to thrive in an infant to the development of a polyneuropathy in a 63-year-old man. (medscape.com)
  • It was possible to compare the effects of imeglimin on glucose production and the AT/ADP ratio in mitochondria. (research-journal.org)