- Mdm2 is a proto-oncogene that is amplified in approximately 7% of cancers and is frequently seen in soft tissue tumors. (shu.edu)
- Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
- This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
- This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
- CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
- Wang HG, Rapp UR, Reed JC: Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria. (drugbank.com)
- Koh H, Lee KH, Kim D, Kim S, Kim JW, Chung J: Inhibition of Akt and its anti-apoptotic activities by tumor necrosis factor-induced protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) cleavage. (drugbank.com)
- Cotteret S, Jaffer ZM, Beeser A, Chernoff J: p21-Activated kinase 5 (Pak5) localizes to mitochondria and inhibits apoptosis by phosphorylating BAD. (drugbank.com)
- Li YY, Popivanova BK, Nagai Y, Ishikura H, Fujii C, Mukaida N: Pim-3, a proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer and phosphorylates bad to block bad-mediated apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. (drugbank.com)
- Popivanova BK, Li YY, Zheng H, Omura K, Fujii C, Tsuneyama K, Mukaida N: Proto-oncogene, Pim-3 with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human colon cancer cells and can prevent Bad-mediated apoptosis. (drugbank.com)
- Another study showed that oncogenic transformation by ras and fos also requires Jun N-terminal phosphorylation at Serine 63 and 73. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
- The proto-oncogene c-Jun is the cellular homolog of the viral oncoprotein v-jun (P05411). (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, scientists have found that this relationship is an important part of a number of complex cellular signaling cascade pathways, including Ras, β-catenin, myc, Rb, and many more. (shu.edu)
- Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
- In turn, GTP-bound active GTPases can interact with a plethora of different effectors which mediate the different cellular functions of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
- The human ETS (E26 Transformation-Specific) protein family is a diverse group of 27 known transcription factors that regulate such varied cellular processes as differentiation and apoptosis, but also appear to induce oncogenesis when mutated or aberrantly expressed [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In cells absent of c-jun, the expression of p53 (cell cycle arrest inducer) and p21 (CDK inhibitor and p53 target gene) is increased, and those cells exhibit cell cycle defects. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, Kevetrin increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 (Waf1), an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. (shu.edu)
- Stable monoubiquitinated form of wild type p53, accumulates in the cytoplasm and interacts with BAK or BAX proteins in mitochondria to induce apoptosis Thus Kevetrin activates both transcription dependent and transcription independent pathways to promote apoptosis. (shu.edu)
- The elevated expression of p53 leads to greater stability, which also induces the regulatory protein Mdm2. (shu.edu)
- The human JUN encodes a protein that is highly similar to the viral protein, which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
- Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
- The cyclic change of the c-jun protein levels is significant in the proliferation and apoptosis of glandular epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The persistent stromal expression of c-jun protein may prevent stromal cells from entering into apoptosis during the late secretory phase. (wikipedia.org)
- A study utilized liver-specific inactivation of c-jun in hepatocellular carcinoma, which showed impaired tumor development correlated with increased level of p53 protein and the mRNA level of the p53 target gene noxa. (wikipedia.org)
- Overexpression of c-jun in cells results in decreased level of p53 and p21, and exhibits accelerated cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
- High CDK7 mRNA and protein levels were identified to be associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC. (biomedcentral.com)
- The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Upon binding to 17beta-estradiol or related ligands, the encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that interact with specific DNA sequences to activate transcription. (cancerindex.org)
- Overexpression of one ETS protein in particular, the epithelium-specific ETS factor ESE-1, is implicated in human mammary transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
- We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
- These data highlight that ESE-1 contains NLS and NES signals that play a critical role in regulating its subcellular localization and function, and that an intact SAR domain mediates MEC transformation exclusively in the cytoplasm, via a novel nontranscriptional mechanism, whereby the SAR motif is accessible for ligand and/or protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
- 1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
- Mdm2 protein has the activity of an ubiquitin ligase, which allows for the targeted degradation of its substrates, including p53. (shu.edu)
- However, the complement C5a receptor 2 may act as a decoy receptor for C5a, as it has no reported G protein signalling capacity. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
- ELAC1 has been in the use and may as define as an RNase Z. In pyrophosphates subfamilies are transcribed from coupling tubules in the function by a two receptor chromatin that appears ultraviolet from protein threatening( reviewed in Popow et al. (evakoch.com)
- A proto-oncogene is a gene that becomes an oncogene, a gene that has the potential to cause cancer, through mutations or an increase in expression. (shu.edu)
- Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
- The ER81 ETS protein, for example, is activated in human breast cancer cells by the oncoprotein HER-2, resulting in over-expression of the prosurvival telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of ANO1 results in a significant reduction in basal contraction frequency and essentially complete loss of pressure-dependent frequency modulation by decreasing the rate of the diastolic depolarization phase of the ionic pacemaker in lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs). (bvsalud.org)
- Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Within their GTPase domains, they share approximately 30% amino acid identity with the Ras proteins and 40-95% identity within the family. (biomedcentral.com)
- This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. (thermofisher.com)
- We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)
- We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
- This download is the types and cells led from a human assembly target content soccer methylated alongside the set of two interaction localizing enzyme proteins in New Zealand. (evakoch.com)
- c-Jun, in combination with protein c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
- Identification of a BH-3 domain and analysis of its binding to mutant BCL-2 and BCL-XL proteins. (drugbank.com)
- A structural feature that distinguishes the Rho proteins from other small GTPases is the so-called Rho insert domain located between a β strand and an α helix within the small GTPase domain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Typically Rho proteins are 190-250 residues long and consist only of the GTPase domain and short terminal C-terminal extensions. (biomedcentral.com)
- Finally, using a monoclonal antibody targeting the SAR domain, we demonstrate that the SAR domain contains a region accessible for protein - protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)