Phages in host. Medical search. Frequent questions

Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria, are important in both natural and human microbiomes because they prey on bacterial hosts, mediate horizontal gene transfer, alter host metabolism and redistribute bacterially derived compounds via host cell lysis 1 . (nature.com)
Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteriophages, known as phages, are a form of virus that attach to bacterial cells and inject their genome into the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Phage display is a laboratory technique for the study of protein-protein, protein-peptide, and protein-DNA interactions that uses bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to connect proteins with the genetic information that encodes them. (wikipedia.org)
The most common bacteriophages used in phage display are M13 and fd filamentous phage, though T4, T7, and λ phage have also been used. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses capable of infecting and replicating within bacterial cells. (asm.org)
Bacteriophages are a class of viruses that attack bacteria, use them as host cells and feed on them. (mpg.de)
Combined with the eight environmental viral contigs from metagenomics, this study helps fill the gap in our understanding of the isolation, genomic and evolutionary development of Oceanospirillum bacteriophages and provides new insights into the interactions between hosts and bacteriophages for these important marine hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations. (biomedcentral.com)
The rumen is known to harbour dense populations of bacteriophages (phages) predicted to be capable of infecting a diverse range of rumen bacteria. (qld.gov.au)
Bacteriophages (phages) and their host bacteria follow predator-prey dynamics that drive co-evolution, resulting in the long-term persistence of both within ecosystems ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
We asked the students to come up with a location and methods they wanted to use to check for bacteriophages ("phages" for short), then did some hands-on isolation using non-pathogenic strains of bacteria in our lab. (beacon-center.org)
Although bacteriophages have been studied for over a century, and we've known for awhile that they're abundant, we don't know as much about the diversity or identity of the phages that are out there in the environment. (beacon-center.org)
Bacteriophages - aka "phages" - are viruses that kill bacteria. (bigthink.com)
Bacteriophages, known simply as " phages " for short, are viruses that infect and kill bacteria. (bigthink.com)
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacterial hosts and are estimated to be the most numerous biological entities in the biosphere. (wikiversity.org)
Many bacteria in the digestive tract are infected with and churn out viruses known as bacteriophages , or phages for short. (livescience.com)
Viruses of bacteria, bacteriophages, specifically infect their bacterial hosts with minimal effects on the surrounding microbiota. (jyu.fi)
Control of bacterial diseases by bacteriophages (phages) is gaining more interest due to increasing antibiotic resistance. (jyu.fi)
One factor that muddies the water is bacteriophages, or phages for short. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In addition, available Klebsiella bacteriophages from the consortium will be sequenced to provide detailed information on the genetic basis of the phages. (bund.de)
The gut bacterial composition can be modified by environmental factors as probiotics and dietary changes, and by gut bacterial viruses, bacteriophages/prophages (phages). (lu.se)

There is growing evidence that phages with unusually large genomes are common across various microbiomes, but little is known about their genetic inventories or potential ecosystem impacts. (nature.com)
In the present study, we reconstructed large phage genomes from freshwater lakes known to contain bacteria that oxidize methane. (nature.com)
Future work is needed to determine whether phage-associated PmoC has similar functions to additional copies of PmoC encoded in bacterial genomes, thus contributing to growth on methane. (nature.com)
A phenomenon that has recently come to light via metagenomic studies is the prominence of phages with genomes that are much larger than the average size of ~55 kilobases (kb) predicted based on current genome databases 2 . (nature.com)
The recently reported phage genomes range up to 735 kb in length and encode a diversity of genes involved in transcription and translation, as well as genes that may augment host metabolism 2 . (nature.com)
Augmentation of bacterial energy generation by auxiliary metabolic genes has been reported for phages with smaller genomes. (nature.com)
Phages with very large genomes were recently reported from a man-made lake that covers a deposit of methane-generating tailings from an oil sands mine in Canada 2 . (nature.com)
The Pseudomonas infecting PB1-like phages are widespread in nature and possess highly conserved genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly, lysogenic phage genomes are too large to be manipulated using normal BioBrick plasmids. (igem.org)
Lysogenic phages have evolved to insert their DNA into the genomes of specific strains of bacteria. (igem.org)
The handful of marine phage genomes that have been sequenced to date, along with prophages in marine bacterial genomes, and partial sequencing of uncultivated phages are yielding glimpses of the tremendous diversity and physiological potential of the marine phage community. (nih.gov)
Finally, deciphering phage genomes is providing clues about the adaptive response of phages and their hosts to environmental cues. (nih.gov)
While lytic phages for rumen bacteria have been previously isolated, their genomes have remained largely uncharacterised. (qld.gov.au)
The phage genomes displayed modular organisation and conserved viral genes were identified which enabled further classification and determination of closest phage relatives. (qld.gov.au)
Co-examination of bacterial host genomes led to the identification of several genes responsible for modulating phage:host interactions, including CRISPR/Cas elements and restriction-modification phage defence systems. (qld.gov.au)
Clusters A through F contain phage with similar genomes. (wikiversity.org)
Phages have woven their genomes directly into that of E. faecalis . (livescience.com)
Otherwise we would not expect the host bacteria to maintain the phage genomes. (livescience.com)
For many years it has been known that (i) phage Φ29 DNA replication, as well as that of other prokaryotic genomes, occurs at the cytosolic membrane, and (ii) the lytic Φ29 cycle is suppressed in early sporulating cells and under these conditions the infecting phage genome becomes trapped into the spore. (bionity.com)

Cut and ligate it all back together and viola, a modified phage genome is at your disposal. (igem.org)

Rockville, MD-September 12, 2023- The J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), led by Derrick Fouts, Ph.D., has been awarded a five-year, $5.7M grant from the National Institute of Health (NIH) to develop a bacteriophage (or phage) therapeutic cocktail to treat infections caused by the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae . (jcvi.org)

It is shown that a chemostat community of bacteria and bacteriophage in which bacteria compete for a single nutrient and for which the bipartite infection network is perfectly nested is permanent, a.k.a. uniformly persistent, provided that bacteria that are superior competitors for nutrient devote the least to defence against infection and the virus that are the most efficient at infecting hosts have the smallest host range. (utoronto.ca)
Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
Enterobacteria phage λ ( lambda phage ) is a temperate bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli . (wikidoc.org)
We directly tested this idea by using high-throughput gene editing-phenotyping technology (MAGE-Seq) to measure the fitness landscape of a virus, bacteriophage λ, as it coevolved with its host, the bacterium Escherichia coli . (elifesciences.org)
It utilizes a tractable system, bacteriophage λ and E. coli , to ask questions that unite different pillars of evolutionary theory - evolutionary genetics (via the fitness landscape analogy), co-evolution, and host-parasite interactions. (elifesciences.org)
The new system, called phage-assisted continuous evolution, or PACE, is based on the continuous culture and selection of the M13 filamentous bacteriophage commonly used in phage display. (genengnews.com)
In 41% of fecal samples from cholera patients, we also identified a novel ICP1 (Bangladesh cholera phage 1) bacteriophage, genetically distinct from ICP1 isolates previously detected in Asia. (cdc.gov)
This bacteriophage appears to have served as a major driver for cholera evolution and spread, and its appearance highlights the complex evolutionary dynamic that occurs between predatory phage and bacterial host. (cdc.gov)
We plan to look for bacteriophage in other bacterial species that perform a similar function in defending the intestinal niche of their host bacteria. (livescience.com)

Background curves represent a qualitative measure of the overall interest, research, and use of phage therapy (yellow) and antibiotics (blue), showing how the introduction of antibiotics and the critical review of the early phage therapy studies coincided to bring phage therapy research and development to an almost complete standstill around the 1940s. (asm.org)

Because phages replicate in vivo (in cells of living organism), a smaller effective dose can be used. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, phages which multiply well under in vitro conditions can fail to replicate during treatment in vivo [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phages are bacterial killers, but they can also integrate into bacterial DNA and replicate together with their host as a prophage. (dragoslab.org)
Phages replicate through two primary life cycles, the dynamics of which have important implications for their therapeutic application. (asm.org)
These phages infect and replicate within the host, culminating in host lysis and the release of progeny phage particles. (qld.gov.au)

Due to the global antibiotic crisis, interest in the use of bacterial viruses, phage-derived enzybiotics and chemical compopunds inspired by structures and functions of phage proteins to combat bacterial infections has increased worldwide. (muni.cz)
The proteins that the phages are displaying can then be screened against other proteins, peptides or DNA sequences, in order to detect interaction between the displayed protein and those of other molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Phage display technology was further developed and improved by groups at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology with Greg Winter and John McCafferty, The Scripps Research Institute with Richard Lerner and Carlos Barbas and the German Cancer Research Center with Frank Breitling and Stefan Dübel for display of proteins such as antibodies for therapeutic protein engineering. (wikipedia.org)
Phage eluted in the final step can be used to infect a suitable bacterial host, from which the phagemids can be collected and the relevant DNA sequence excised and sequenced to identify the relevant, interacting proteins or protein fragments. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we reported the first Oceanospirillum phage, vB_OliS_GJ44, which was assembled into a 33,786 bp linear dsDNA genome, which includes abundant tail-related and recombinant proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The DNA of the prophage that is expressed in that state codes for proteins that look out for signs of stress in the host cell. (wikidoc.org)
The life cycle of lambda phages is controlled by cI and Cro proteins. (wikidoc.org)
The lambda phage will remain in the lysogenic state if cI proteins predominate, but will be transformed into the lytic cycle if cro proteins predominate. (wikidoc.org)
The significantly upregulated genes encode proteins involved in reactions of the energy-generating phosphotransferase system and transcription processing, which could be related to phage transcription. (lu.se)
For this purpose, we will integrate clinical phenotype data with multi-omics data of human (genomic, metabolomic, proteomic) and gut origin to clarify connections between dietary patterns/intakes, host genetic factors, circulating metabolites and inflammatory proteins and gut microbiota composition, diversity and functional capacity, and how such connections relate to risk of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). (lu.se)

In addition, sufficient conditions that a bacteria-phage community of arbitrary size with nested infection network can arise through a succession of permanent subcommunties each with a nested infection network by the successive addition of one new population are provided. (utoronto.ca)
Despite the importance of virus-host interactions and likely variable infection efficiencies of individual phages across hosts, such variability is seldom quantified. (doe.gov)
Thus, augmentation of bacterial methane oxidation by pmoC-phages during infection could modulate the efflux of this potent greenhouse gas into the environment. (nature.com)
The bacterial cell causing the infection is unable to reproduce and instead produces additional phages. (wikipedia.org)
However, little is known about the factors which influence phage infection of P. aeruginosa under infection conditions and suitable broad host range phages. (biomedcentral.com)
We used an artificial sputum medium to study phage infection under conditions similar to a chronic lung infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Phage infection experiments under simulated chronic lung infection conditions showed that alginate production reduces phage infection efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
Those that remain can be eluted, used to produce more phage (by bacterial infection with helper phage) and to produce a phage mixture that is enriched with relevant (i.e. binding) phage. (wikipedia.org)
Cariou was referring to phage therapy, a controversial treatment that uses a type of virus to defeat bacterial infection.It makes use of one of the oldest enemies of bacteria found in nature. (maisonneuve.org)
On initial infection, the stability of cII determines the lifestyle of the phage. (wikidoc.org)
And it is only the beginning of use of engineered phage therapy as well as the first therapeutic use in a human mycobacterial infection. (acsh.org)
Moreover, the speed of the phage lifecycle means that progeny phage production starts about 10 minutes after infection of the bacteria, so PACE can effectively mediate many generations of selective phage replication much faster than other laboratory evolution approaches. (genengnews.com)
Links for this episode Phages avoid tRNA-targeting host defenses (eLife) Sea phages Actinobacteriophage database New antibiotic from uncultured bacterium (bioRxiv) The age of infection (For Policy) Killing bacteria by teixobactin (Nature) Take the TWiM Listener survey! (apple.com)
TWiM explains personalized aerosilized phage therapy for a chronic lung infection, and using the combination of antibiotic and a DNA molecule that binds alpha-gal to reduce S. aureus infection in vivo. (apple.com)
Links for this episode: Aerosolized phage therapy (Nat Comm) Alpha-gal aptamer and vancomycin for MRSA (Microorg) Alpha-gal syndrome (Front Allergy) Natural antibody protects against viral infection (virology blog) Oil pulling for improving oral health (Healthcare) Music used on TWiM is by Ronald Jenkees. (apple.com)
Phage predation has been linked with seasonal patterns of cholera emergence and with clinical response to infection in humans ( 8 - 11 ). (cdc.gov)
To identify Escherichia coli genes potentially regulated by filamentous phage infection, we used oligonucleotide microarrays. (lu.se)
Genome-wide comparison of phage M13-infected and uninfected E. coli, 2 and 20 min after infection, was performed. (lu.se)
The analysis revealed altered transcription levels of 12 E. coli genes in response to phage infection, and the observed regulation of phage genes correlated with the known in vivo pattern of M13 mRNA species. (lu.se)
Thus, global transcriptional analysis and functional analysis revealed previously unknown host responses to filamentous phage infection. (lu.se)

Escherichia phage N4 was isolated in 1966 in Italy and has remained a genomic orphan for a long time. (mdpi.com)
Both phages were extensively tested on many strains of Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria. (cdc.gov)

Surface swabs were tested for lytic phages and bacterial isolates for mitomycin C-inducible prophages. (mdpi.com)
Here we describe the in depth characterization of a broad host range PB1-like phage with a slight prevalence to clinical isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we report the first complete genome sequences of lytic phage isolates specifically infecting three genera of rumen bacteria: Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Streptococcus. (qld.gov.au)

However, the interactions between phages and biofilms can be complex, with phages developing symbiotic as well as predatory relationships with biofilms. (wikipedia.org)
Prophage can change the behavior, social interactions and evolution of its bacterial host. (dragoslab.org)
Like the two-hybrid system, phage display is used for the high-throughput screening of protein interactions. (wikipedia.org)
These results describe the first Oceanospirillum phage, vB_OliS_GJ44, that represents a novel viral cluster and exhibits interesting genetic features related to phage-host interactions and evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
An analysis of the empirical fitness landscape revealed mutation-by-mutation-by-host-genotype interactions that demonstrate coevolution modified the contours of λ's landscape. (elifesciences.org)

Transcriptomics data from Lake Rotsee (Switzerland) showed that some phage-associated pmoC genes were highly expressed in situ and, of interest, that the most rapidly growing methanotroph was infected by three pmoC-phages. (nature.com)
In the present study, we searched the unreported phage genomic fragments from this lake for genes involved in methane oxidation. (nature.com)
Temperate phages are capable of protecting their host from phage reinfection and may change the bacterial phenotype through the expression of viral genes, a process known as lysogenic conversion ( 1 ). (asm.org)
Homologs of several vB_OliS_GJ44 genes have mostly been found in marine metagenomes, suggesting the prevalence of this phage genus in the oceans. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified 11 phage resistance genes and classified them into three categories lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane protein (OMP), and two-component system (TCS). (bvsalud.org)
LPS shortening and OMP mutations are two distinct modes of complete phage resistance, while TCS mutants mediate incomplete resistance by repressing the transcription of phage genes . (bvsalud.org)
PACE essentially comprises a system by which E. coli cells continuously flow through a fixed-volume vessel, or lagoon, which contains a replicating population of phage DNA vectors (the selection phage) encoding the gene or genes of interest. (genengnews.com)
We searched diverse sets of S. aureus public genome sequences against a database of genes suggested from prior studies to influence host range to look for patterns of variation across the species. (robertpetit.com)
We found that genes encoding biosynthesis of molecules that were targets of S. aureus phage adsorption to the outer surface of the cell were the most conserved in the pangenome. (robertpetit.com)
Putative phage resistance genes that were core components of the pangenome genes had similar nucleotide diversity, ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions, and functionality (measured by delta-bitscore) to other core genes. (robertpetit.com)
However, phage resistance genes that were not part of the core genome were significantly less consistent with the core genome phylogeny than all noncore genes in this set, suggesting more frequent movement between strains by horizontal gene transfer. (robertpetit.com)
Only superinfection immunity genes encoded by temperate phages inserted in the genome correlated with experimentally determined temperate phage resistance. (robertpetit.com)
Taken together, these results suggested that, while phage adsorption genes are heavily conserved in the S. aureus species, HGT may play a significant role in strain-specific evolution of host range patterns. (robertpetit.com)
Below 50% protein-encryption genes has actually understood qualities from the Class B phages. (realmoneyinvestors.com)
Outside of a host, they are inert, lifeless even, lacking the biochemical components to do anything with the information contained in their genes. (bigthink.com)
The genomic analysis of 30 complete mycobacteriophages-viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts-reveals them to be genetically diverse and to contain many previously unidentified genes. (wikiversity.org)
The thrill of discovering new viruses and previously unidentified genes, coupled with ownership of individual phage projects, provides strong motivations for students to engage in and pursue scientific research. (wikiversity.org)
Ten of the 12 host genes affected could be grouped into 3 different categories based on cellular function, suggesting a coordinated response. (lu.se)
These downregulated genes are normally part of the host stress response mechanisms that protect the bacterium during conditions of acid stress and stationary phase transition. (lu.se)

a phage will kill a bacterium only if it matches the specific strain. (wikipedia.org)
Our model host is Bacillus subtilis , a cosmopolitan spore-forming bacterium known for PGPR and probiotic properties. (dragoslab.org)
In this case, phages seem to have reprogrammed their host using the TarP protein and thus altered the surface of the bacterium. (mpg.de)
TWiM explains how phages avoid tRNA-targeting host defenses, and discovery of a new antibiotic from an uncultured bacterium that binds to an immutable target. (apple.com)
It takes extra energy for the bacterium to manufacture these viruses, "suggesting that harboring the phage must confer a significant advantage to the host bacteria," Hooper said. (livescience.com)
Each phage only attacks a specific type of bacterium, meaning that it can influence levels of gut bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Phages are very selective in the strains of bacteria they are effective against. (wikipedia.org)
We isolated and characterized a phage, named JG024, which infects a broad range of clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa strains. (biomedcentral.com)
Firstly, lysogenic phages are natural vectors that have evolved to integrate and propagate their DNA through specific bacterial strains. (igem.org)
These two "winning" strains produced small, wrinkled-looking colonies of bacteria that congregated into biofilms - clusters of bacterial cells that secrete a slimy substance that offers them protection from both the host immune system and attacks by phages. (livescience.com)
And in fact, the phages in question first entered the pig wounds on the DNA of the losing bacteria strains. (livescience.com)
However, successful therapy requires understanding the genetic basis of host range-the subset of strains in a species that could be killed by a particular phage. (robertpetit.com)
The scientists discovered that one strain of E. faecalis named V583 could generate phages that killed contending strains in live mice. (livescience.com)
This phage confers benefit to its E. faecalis host by acting as a weapon against other E. faecalis strains that are competing for nutrients in the same intestinal niche," Hooper said. (livescience.com)
The therapeutic will be based on a five-phage cocktail, which has already been shown to be effective against 53 out of 100 strains on our test panel. (jcvi.org)
Among the enterobacteria, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, and two Salmonella strains were lysed by the phages. (cdc.gov)

The system achieves continuous selection by linking the desired activity to the production of infectious progeny phage containing the evolving gene(s). (genengnews.com)

PB1-like phages belong to the Myoviridae phage family and the genome sizes vary between 64,427 and 66,530 bp. (biomedcentral.com)
The https://datingranking.net/nl/largefriends-overzicht/ fresh new 53 Party C phages is actually morphologically members of Myoviridae, with genome designs anywhere between 127.dos kb to 151.6 kb coding getting 164-249 predicted healthy protein. (realmoneyinvestors.com)

The researchers from Tübingen assume that the bacterial camouflage is the result of an exchange between the pathogens and their natural enemies, known as phages. (mpg.de)

Coevolution of bacteria and phages is an important host and parasite dynamic in marine ecosystems , contributing to the understanding of bacterial community diversity. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, the genome information of the bacteria and phages will be used to create mathematical models that allow conclusions to be drawn about phage/host specificity. (bund.de)
OBJECTIVES: We challenge the question of interrelationships between bacteria and phages in human fecal samples and investigate their connection to dietary intakes and the future risk of T2D and CVD. (lu.se)
SIGNIFICANCE: Our study will determine interrelationships between gut bacteria and phages and provide prospective evidence for the role of the gut bacteria and their virus in CMD. (lu.se)

However, acquisition of resistance by bacteria is a major issue in the successful development of phage therapies. (mit.edu)
He travelled to the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he met d'Hérelle, and in 1923, he founded the George Eliava Institute in Tbilisi, Georgia, devoted to the development of phage therapy. (wikipedia.org)

In previous studies, we suggested that this inhibition is likely a defense mechanism developed by phage phi29 to prevent the action of UDG if uracilation occurs in DNA either from deamination of cytosine or the incorporation of dUMP during viral DNA replication. (nih.gov)
However, we note that patients with similar clinical conditions typically have high morbidity and mortality, that improvement was not temporally associated with cessation or initiation of other drug administrations, and we show evidence to support in vivo phage replication. (acsh.org)
While bacterial genome sequencing projects are revealing the presence of phages which can integrate their DNA into the genome of their host to form stable, lysogenic associations, little is known of the genetics of phages which utilise lytic replication. (qld.gov.au)
Importantly, the average time that the host cells reside in the lagoon is less than the time required for E. coli replication. (genengnews.com)
The detailed knowledge of in vitro phage Φ29 DNA replication and transcription regulation makes it an attractive model to study these processes in vivo . (bionity.com)

They are large, equipped with host-controlling genetic arsenal, they act as regulatory switches and they tend to recombine with each other. (dragoslab.org)
In this study, marine Aeromonas was co-cultured with its phage for 180 days and their genetic and phenotypic dynamics were measured every 30 days. (bvsalud.org)
These findings provide new genetic information and insights into how lytic phages may interact with bacteria of the rumen microbiome. (qld.gov.au)
Recently, it has been shown that mobile genetic elements associated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT) antimicrobial resistance, designated as SXT integrative conjugative elements (ICEs), can determine phage resistance in V. cholerae ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
Morphological, host range, and genetic characterization of two coliphages. (cdc.gov)
When DNA of the phage integrates into the host bacteria's genetic material, the bacteria develop the capacity to produce this polypeptide toxin. (medscape.com)
Their genetic material is delicate, and difficult to image, and moreover, phage viruses are very small - approximately ten times smaller than a bacterial cell. (lu.se)

Prophage in Phage Manufacturing: Is the Risk Overrated Compared to Other Therapies or Food? (mdpi.com)
Thus the prophage is duplicated with every cell division of the host. (wikidoc.org)
At that point, the prophage reactivates, excises itself from the DNA of the host cell and enters its lytic cycle . (wikidoc.org)

We showed that mutating HRDRs yields phagebodies with altered host-ranges, and select phagebodies enable long-term suppression of bacterial growth in vitro, by preventing resistance appearance, and are functional in vivo using a murine model. (mit.edu)
Sorek, R., Kunin, V. & Hugenholtz, P. CRISPR - a widespread system that provides acquired resistance against phages in bacteria and archaea. (nature.com)
Now, with the rise of antibiotic resistance, phage therapy is experiencing a well-deserved rebirth. (asm.org)
We cover the key points of the antibiotic resistance crisis and then explain the biological and evolutionary principles that support the use of phages, their interaction with the immune system, and a comparison with antibiotic therapy. (asm.org)
We discuss conventional approaches as well as novel strategies, including the use of phage-antibiotic combinations, phage-derived enzymes, exploitation of phage resistance mechanisms, and phage bioengineering. (asm.org)
The doctor promised that if Summerhayes's bacteria again develops resistance and his antibiotic eventually fails, she'll ask Health Canada to approve phage therapy for him. (maisonneuve.org)
Coevolution between marine Aeromonas and phages reveals temporal trade-off patterns of phage resistance and host population fitness. (bvsalud.org)
On the time scale, questions remain concerning what is the difference between phage resistance patterns in marine bacteria and how advantageous mutations gradually accumulate during coevolution. (bvsalud.org)
Our findings reveal the marine bacterial community dynamics and evolutionary trade-offs of phage resistance during coevolution, thus granting further understanding of the interaction of marine microbes. (bvsalud.org)
But now, a new study, published Friday (July 16) in the journal Science Advances , hints that phages may also help their bacterial hosts develop resistance against antibiotic treatments . (livescience.com)
We are now seeing alarmingly high levels of antibiotic resistance to drugs we've relied on, spurring renewed interest in phage, engineered using synthetic biology approaches pioneered at JCVI. (jcvi.org)
The phage-infected cells demonstrated impaired function of the oxidative and the glutamate-dependent acid resistance systems. (lu.se)

Phage display was first described by George P. Smith in 1985, when he demonstrated the display of peptides on filamentous phage (long, thin viruses that infect bacteria) by fusing the virus's capsid protein to one peptide out of a collection of peptide sequences. (wikipedia.org)
Applications of phage display technology include determination of interaction partners of a protein (which would be used as the immobilised phage "bait" with a DNA library consisting of all coding sequences of a cell, tissue or organism) so that the function or the mechanism of the function of that protein may be determined. (wikipedia.org)
This will require secondary DNA sequences including the phage genome integration site , some garbage DNA (flanked by essential restriction enzyme cut sites) and the low-copy number BioBrick plasmid . (igem.org)
The high diversity and relatively small genome sizes of these phages provide an ideal platform for introducing high school and undergraduate students to the research laboratory, isolating and naming novel viruses, and determining their genomic sequences. (wikiversity.org)
Clicking on that link should show a tree that indicates the types of sequences with similarity to the L5 phage (see Figure 6, below). (wikiversity.org)

This project allows participants to access phage gene databases and participate in phage genomics research projects. (wikiversity.org)
The research will leverage JCVI's history of synthetic and phage genomics, WRAIR's experience developing phage therapeutics and development of mouse models, and APT's current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) production capabilities and experience with phage clinical trials. (jcvi.org)

Therefore, phages and especially the ability of the phage to infect the host in vivo should be investigated carefully prior to use. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results show that successful phage therapy treatment in the aquaculture setting requires optimisation of phage delivery methods in vivo. (jyu.fi)

If a "phagemid" vector is used (a simplified display construct vector) phage particles will not be released from the E. coli cells until they are infected with helper phage, which enables packaging of the phage DNA and assembly of the mature virions with the relevant protein fragment as part of their outer coat on either the minor (pIII) or major (pVIII) coat protein. (wikipedia.org)
Of the 28 candidates, 11 compounds produced levels of virus particles at a rate higher than the controls, which signifies that they influenced phage activity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
phage particles of LG1 were smaller than those of AR1 and had an isometric head 68 nm in diameter and a complex contractile tail 111 nm in length. (cdc.gov)
Transmission electron micrographs of AR1 showed phage particles consisting of an elongated isometric head of 103 by 74 nm and a complex contractile tail 116 nm in length. (cdc.gov)

Aliyari, R. & Ding, S. W. RNA-based viral immunity initiated by the Dicer family of host immune receptors. (nature.com)
vB_OliS_GJ44 showed synteny with six uncultured phages, which supports its representation in uncultured environmental viral contigs from metagenomics. (biomedcentral.com)
All phages were classified within the viral order Caudovirales and include two phage morphotypes, representative of the Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families. (qld.gov.au)
The viral parasites often kill off their microbial hosts after infiltrating their DNA , said senior study author Vaughn Cooper, director of the Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. (livescience.com)
Viral transmission in bee communities: role of alternative hosts and environmental conditions. (pollinator.org)

In 1990, Jamie Scott and George Smith described creation of large random peptide libraries displayed on filamentous phage. (wikipedia.org)
In the case of M13 filamentous phage display, the DNA encoding the protein or peptide of interest is ligated into the pIII or pVIII gene, encoding either the minor or major coat protein, respectively. (wikipedia.org)

Secondly, it is impossible to work with phages using existing BioBrick standards due to the illegal cut sites that occur in every lysogenic phage. (igem.org)
The phage standard describes the process of adding a given Biobrick part, which we will call source DNA into the genome of a lysogenic phage, referred to as host DNA . (igem.org)
Both tracrRNA and pre-crRNA confer immunity against acquisition of a protospacer gene derived from a lysogenic phage. (nature.com)

In July 2021, the European Pharmacopoeia Commission launched work on new general chapter on phage therapy active substances and medicinal products for human and veterinary use, establishing harmonised quality standards for phage therapy products and providing a framework for their safe use in European countries. (muni.cz)
that is, phage therapy would be expected to give rise to few side effects, even at higher-than-therapeutic levels. (wikipedia.org)
Ongoing challenges include the need to increase phage collections from reference phage banks, the development of efficient phage screening methods for the fast identification of the therapeutic phage(s), the establishment of efficient phage therapy strategies to tackle infectious biofilms, the validation of feasible phage production protocols that assure quality and safety of phage preparations, and the guarantee of stability of phage preparations during manufacturing, storage, and transport. (wikipedia.org)
There is also a phage therapy unit in Wrocław, Poland, established in 2005, which continues several-decades-long research by the Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the only such centre in a European Union country. (wikipedia.org)
In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first US clinical trial for intravenous phage therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Phage therapy has many potential applications in human medicine as well as dentistry, veterinary science, and agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
Phage therapy was immediately recognized by many to be a key way forward for the eradication of pathogenic bacterial infections. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Phage therapy is used in Russia, Georgia and Poland, and was used prophylactically for a time in the Soviet army. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States during the 1940s, commercialization of phage therapy was undertaken by Eli Lilly and Company. (wikipedia.org)
While knowledge was being accumulated regarding the biology of phages and how to use phage cocktails correctly, early uses of phage therapy were often unreliable. (wikipedia.org)
Phage therapy is an alternative to treat these chronic P. aeruginosa infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Phage JG024 is a suitable broad host range phage which could be used in phage therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Since eradication of chronic P. aeruginosa infections by antibiotics fails, phage therapy is a possibility to treat bacterial infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Although phage therapy was first implemented almost a century ago, it was brought to a standstill after the successful introduction of antibiotics. (asm.org)
Among the admittedly vast literature recently published on this topic, this review aims to provide a forward-looking perspective on phage therapy and its role in modern society. (asm.org)
By going through up-to-date reports and, whenever possible, human clinical trials, we examine the versatility of phage therapy. (asm.org)
Finally, we discuss the benefits of phage therapy beyond the clinical perspective, including opportunities for scientific outreach and effective education, interdisciplinary collaboration, cultural and economic growth, and even innovative use of social media, making the case that phage therapy is more than just an alternative to antibiotics. (asm.org)
FIG 1 Timeline of major events in the history of research on phages, phage therapy, and antibiotics. (asm.org)
Doctors in the United States had been permitted to administer phage therapy, she explained to the siblings, but only a handful of times: "It's very experimental, no clinical trial. (maisonneuve.org)
Phage therapy has been proposed as a possible alternative treatment for infections caused by the ubiquitous bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus . (robertpetit.com)
This dataset consists of three phage therapy experiments to prevent Flavobacterium columnare infections in rainbow trout. (jyu.fi)
Effective cOmbination of Phages and Antibiotics for improved TheRApy. (bund.de)
And we actually have exploited that behavior since 1919, when we started to use phage therapy to treat bacterial infections. (cdc.gov)

Virulent or obligate lytic phages infect and quickly kill their bacterial host cell, whereas temperate or lysogenic phages may either stably integrate into their host's genome or enter into the lytic life cycle. (asm.org)

Through Carnage's influence, Phage was able to find Andi, develop a plan to infiltrated this Alchemex lab, and then kill her. (majorspoilers.com)
To investigate, the researchers chose a wide range of compounds that might influence phage activity. (medicalnewstoday.com)

This particular phage came from pond water near a cattail. (beacon-center.org)

This will allow the phage to infect the bacterial cells as well as the integration site on the low-copy BioBrick plasmid. (igem.org)

In this technique, a gene encoding a protein of interest is inserted into a phage coat protein gene, causing the phage to "display" the protein on its outside while containing the gene for the protein on its inside, resulting in a connection between genotype and phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
The phage gene and insert DNA hybrid is then inserted (a process known as "transduction") into E. coli bacterial cells such as TG1, SS320, ER2738, or XL1-Blue E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
They play important roles in carbon cycling through marine food webs, gene transfer by transduction and conversion of hosts by lysogeny. (nih.gov)
Common gene modules in diverse phages are providing the information necessary to make evolutionary comparisons. (nih.gov)
The repressor found in the phage lambda is a notable example of the level of control possible over gene expression by a very simple system. (wikidoc.org)
some other Team C phages base couples 1 is actually identified as the initial foot of the terminase gene (as per conference). (realmoneyinvestors.com)
Toxin production is encoded on the tox gene, which, in turn, is carried on a lysogenic beta phage. (medscape.com)

Protein p56 encoded by the Bacillus subtilis phage phi29 inhibits host uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) activity. (nih.gov)
[1] These phages, which form part of the Podoviridae family , are the smallest Bacillus phages isolated to date and are among the smallest known dsDNA phages. (bionity.com)
Most of these phages infect Bacillus subtilis , but often they also infect other related species such as Bacillus amylolyquefaciens , Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus licheniformis . (bionity.com)

Chances are, if you've written a grant, a paper, an abstract or a scholarship application about phages, you've done it. (phage.directory)

Great news for BiomX, a company developing custom phage therapies to treat microbiome-based diseases, which just raised $32 million in series B financing ! (phage.directory)
Dr. Fouts commented, "Phage therapies have been around since the early 1900s but fell out of fashion with the development of effective antibiotic treatments. (jcvi.org)

Phages are currently being used therapeutically to treat bacterial infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotics, particularly in Russia and Georgia. (wikipedia.org)

Studies of the complex evolutionary dynamics between phages and bacteria led to the discovery of a widespread bacterial defence system called CRISPR/Cas. (scoop.it)
Genomic and morphological analyses identified vB_OliS_GJ44 as a siphovirus, however, due to the distant evolutionary relationship with any other known siphovirus, it is proposed that this virus could be classified as the type phage of a new Oceanospirivirus genus within the Siphoviridae family. (biomedcentral.com)

Through natural evolution and structural modeling, we identified host-range-determining regions (HRDRs) in the T3 phage tail fiber protein and developed a high-throughput strategy to genetically engineer these regions through site-directed mutagenesis. (mit.edu)
Genetically Engineered Phages: a Review of Advances over the Last Decade. (cdc.gov)

Advantages over antibiotics are the specificity of phages and that phages can be isolated and investigated rapidly [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This specificity allows the integration sites of different lysogenic phages to be used as insertion vectors . (igem.org)

When bound to phage GA coat protein, the bulged adenine loops out of the helix and occupies a binding pocket on the surface of the protein, forming a nucleation complex for phage assembly. (rcsb.org)
We have studied this RNA motif in a 21 nucleotide hairpin containing a GA coat protein-binding site whose four nucleotide loop has been replaced by a more stable loop from the related phage Ms2. (rcsb.org)
Thus, while the adenine site preferences of the spliceosome and of phage GA may be due to protein factors, the preferred adenine is predisposed in the free RNA to conformational rearrangement involved in formation of the active complexes. (rcsb.org)
To investigate the relation between protein stability and the predicted stabilities of individual secondary structural elements, residue Pro86 in an alpha-helix in phage T4 lysozyme was replaced by ten different amino acids. (rcsb.org)
By immobilizing a relevant DNA or protein target(s) to the surface of a microtiter plate well, a phage that displays a protein that binds to one of those targets on its surface will remain while others are removed by washing. (wikipedia.org)
Both Int and IHF bind to attP and form an intasome , a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA. (wikidoc.org)
Along with a sinister-looking 20-faced head, known as a capsid, these viruses have a distinctive protein tube, or tail, which they use to inject their DNA into their unfortunate host like a tiny syringe. (bigthink.com)

Streptococcus phage T12 is a species of in the family phages with long non-contractile tails . (eol.org)
For example, if the population of one type of phage increases, the bacteria that they consume will dwindle, potentially making room for another species of bacteria to multiply. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A species of tapeworm which is transmitted by inadequately cooked pork or by human hosts excreting its eggs in their stools. (innvista.com)
We perform novel type of shotgun metagenomic analysis with precision and coverage far beyond the classical reference -based approaches, enabling detection and quantification of all bacterial species to strain level, and phages. (lu.se)

The gut microbiota harbors a teeming universe of phages," researcher Lora Hooper, a microbiologist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, told LiveScience. (livescience.com)

As an innovative addition, the in vitro production of phages will be investigated to enable their use without complex purification steps in the field of human medicine. (bund.de)
Phage Φ29 has also been proven to be a versatile system to study in vitro transcription regulation in general and the switch from early to late phage transcription in particular. (bionity.com)

As an experimental model, the researchers examined what happens when exposing phage viruses - viruses that attack bacteria - to temperature increases. (lu.se)

The original BOB' sequence is changed by the integration to B-O-P'-phage DNA-P-O-B'. The phage DNA is now part of the host's genome. (wikidoc.org)

Phages are the subject of renewed clinical attention in Western countries, such as the United States. (wikipedia.org)

University of Toronto researchers have developed a novel phage susceptibility testing platform. (phage.directory)

The receptor of phage JG024 was determined as lipopolysaccharide. (biomedcentral.com)
Computer simulations of λ's evolution on a static versus shifting fitness landscape showed that the changes in contours increased λ's chances of evolving the ability to use a new host receptor. (elifesciences.org)
When time-shift replays of the coevolution experiment were run where host evolution was artificially accelerated, λ did not innovate to use the new receptor. (elifesciences.org)

Alginate production was identified as a factor reducing phage infectivity. (biomedcentral.com)

When you're subclusters B1-B2 and you may B3-B7 were solely remote of S. pseudintermedius otherwise S. aureus hosts, B4 is strange from inside the which have phages remote regarding S. aureus, S. haemolyticus and you may S. epidermidis (Extra document step one). (realmoneyinvestors.com)
Subcluster C1 (n = 37) is considered the most numerous Team C subcluster made up of S. aureus infecting phages (e.grams. (realmoneyinvestors.com)

Once the phage has injected its DNA into its host , the phage DNA may integrate itself into the host cell chromosome. (wikidoc.org)

The wide host ranges of phages AR1 and LG1 suggest that they may be useful as biocontrol, therapeutic, or diagnostic agents to control and detect the prevalence of E. coli in animals and food. (cdc.gov)

How is phage-host coevolution studied in the lab, and what can it tell us? (phage.directory)
The paper describes a clear, highly informative phage-host coevolution study they've done with an Enterococcus faecium phage-host pair. (phage.directory)
Raise your hand if you've used the terms "coevolution" or "arms race" to describe how phages and their hosts interact. (phage.directory)

The morphological, genome size, and restriction endonuclease similarities between AR1 and phage T4 were striking. (cdc.gov)

The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant infections is prompting increased interest in phage-based antimicrobials. (mit.edu)
They are typically harmless not only to the host organism but also to other beneficial bacteria, such as the gut microbiota, reducing the chances of opportunistic infections. (wikipedia.org)
We tested delivery of phages by different methods (via baths, in phage-coated material, and via oral delivery in feed) to prevent and treat Flavobacterium columnare infections in rainbow trout fry using three phages (FCOV-S1, FCOV-F2, and FCL-2) and their hosts (FCO-S1, FCO-F2, and B185, respectively). (jyu.fi)

Alternatively, samples taken from recovering patients sometimes contain appropriate phages that can be grown to cure other patients infected with the same strain. (wikipedia.org)
Then transform the plasmid into the host bacterial strain and expose the bacteria to the phage. (igem.org)
Intriguingly, the phage weapon that a strain called V583 produces is stitched together from two different phages - one gives structure to the composite, while the other helps it infect victims. (livescience.com)
The most distantly related phage of this family, GA-1, is unable to infect the standard B. subtilis strain 168 and has been placed in a third group. (bionity.com)
Sequence-analysis of the 16S-rRNA of the host strain of GA-1, G1R, showed that it is most closely related to B. pumilus . (bionity.com)

Marine phages are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans. (nih.gov)

Anatomy11

Organisms52

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes96

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care9

Bacteriophages21

Genomes19

Modified phage genome1

20231

Bacteriophage9

Coincided to bring phage t1

Replicate5

Proteins10

Infection20

Escherichia2

Isolates3

Interactions5

Genes19

Bacterium6

Strains10

Progeny phage1

Myoviridae2

Known as phages1

Bacteria and phages4

Development of phage2

Replication5

Genetic7

Prophage3

Resistance12

Sequences5

Genomics2

Vivo2

Particles4

Viral5

Filamentous phage2

Lysogenic phage3

Therapy23

Lytic phages1

Influence phage2

Particular phage1

Infect the bacterial1

Gene7

Bacillus3

Abstract1

Therapies2

Treat bacterial infections1

Evolutionary2

Genetically2

Specificity2

Protein7

Species4

Microbiologist1

Vitro2

Viruses that attack bacteria1

Host's genome1

Clinical1

Developed a novel1

Receptor3

Infectivity1

Aureus2

Integrate1

Therapeutic1

Coevolution3

Morphological1

Infections3

Strain5

Abundant1