Phage polymerase rna polymerase i. Medical search. Frequent questions

Enterobacteria phage λ (lambda phage, coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli (E. coli). (wikipedia.org)
Escherichia phage N4 was isolated in 1966 in Italy and has remained a genomic orphan for a long time. (mdpi.com)
RNP-based processive anti-termination underlies the switching from immediate-early to delayed-early gene expression in other lambdoid phages as well as ribosomal RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli . (fu-berlin.de)
Enterobacteria phage λ ( lambda phage ) is a temperate bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli . (wikidoc.org)
1 It strongly inhibits Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and plant chloroplast RNA polymerase. (bjzblg.com)
When infected with the virulent mutant of the phage lambda, λVIR, and to a lesser extent, other phages, a retron designated Ec48 is activated, the Escherichia coli bearing this retron element dies, and the infecting phage is lost. (emory.edu)

The N protein is an antiterminator, and functions by engaging the transcribing RNA polymerase at specific sites of the nascently transcribed mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
These hemoflagellates are distinguished by a kinetoplast nucleoid containing mitochondrial DNAs of two kinds: maxicircles encoding ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and proteins and minicircles bearing guide RNAs (gRNAs) for mRNA editing. (nih.gov)
We speculate that by coupling RNA processing to the status and activity of Pol II itself, the cell ensures that nascent RNA is properly protected from degradation and efficiently matures into a functional mRNA. (nature.com)
RNAs and proteins can also engage in more transient interactions, for example during co-transcriptional regulation of RNA polymerases or during post-transcriptional regulation of (pre-)mRNA life cycles. (fu-berlin.de)
We investigate the molecular mechanisms, by which RNAs and proteins cooperate to bring about the biological functions of selected RNPs involved in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. (fu-berlin.de)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a relatively new vaccine class showing great promise for the future. (researchgate.net)
Explanation- RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNA, miRNA, snRNA and snoRNA genes. (expresseducators.com)
The reactivated phage takes apart the host's DNA and produces large amounts of its own mRNA , so as to produce prodigious amounts of phage units. (wikidoc.org)
Polycystronic mRNA are transcribed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) P2 inside the core particle and released into the cell cytoplasm, so that dsRNA is never exposed to the cytoplasm. (expasy.org)
The synthesis of a messenger RNA (mRNA) is achieved by in vitro transcription of a gene, thanks to a phage RNA polymerase. (messengerbiopharma.com)
The first RNA element protects mRNA against RNases at least as efficiently as a cap. (messengerbiopharma.com)
The level of protein expression achieved by our uncapped mRNA in transfected mouse skin is 9.3-fold higher than that achieved by capped mRNA.Thus, Aegis™ biotechnology consists in replacing an expensive cap analog by RNA sequences, leading to a 30-fold drop of the cost of mRNA synthesis and higher levels of protein expression in vivo . (messengerbiopharma.com)

The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
RNA polymerase, a protein complex responsible for transcribing genetic information, would normally stop reading this information at the end of the bacterial gene and would ignore any viral genes inserted behind it. (phys.org)
The virus uses a trick that prevents the RNA polymerase from terminating the transcription process: It introduces 'lambda-N' (λN), a tiny protein that attaches itself to the host 's RNA polymerase and forces it to continue transcription of the viral genes . (phys.org)
Because of this, the RNA polymerase continues transcribing even once it reaches the viral genes. (phys.org)
utilises this enzyme to infect the cell, re-transcribe their RNA into DNA which then can be incorporated into the genome of the cell, though that's a very diabolic way of establishing the wrong genes in organisms. (webofstories.com)
Today, phage genome sequencing is commonly performed for classification and characterization purposes and is based on the arrangement of conserved genes and the nucleotide and protein sequence identity [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
All these phages, most of which have members of the Enterobacteriaceae as their host, present a highly conserved genome organization and mainly differ at sequence level through the presence or absence of nonessential genes [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In Staphylococcus aureus, the phage-mediated acquisition of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that encode virulence and antibiotic resistance genes largely contribute to its evolutionary adaptation and genetic plasticity. (bvsalud.org)
Here we show that staphylococcal phages produce a structured RNA transcribed from the terminase subunit genes, termed CBASS-activating bacteriophage RNA (cabRNA), which binds to a positively charged surface of the CdnE03 cyclase and promotes the synthesis of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP to activate the CBASS immune response. (bvsalud.org)
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase Il transcribes: lose lose 020 tRNA genes small rRNA genes Close large rRNA genes 020 protein-coding genes been a none of the above D48. (expresseducators.com)
Amplification appears to dampen the variation of gene expression for some genes when compared to unamplified poly(A) + RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Arabidopsis phage-type RNA polymerases: accurate in vitro transcription of organellar genes. (uni-halle.de)
The PhiKZ genes are transcribed independently from host RNA polymerase (RNAP) by two RNAPs encoded by the phage. (bvsalud.org)
The virion RNAP (vRNAP) transcribes early viral genes and must be injected into the cell with phage DNA. (bvsalud.org)
We propose that spatial separation of two phage RNAPs allows coordinated expression of phage genes belonging to different temporal classes. (bvsalud.org)
In the lytic cycle, phage genes are expressed and DNA is replicated resulting in production of several phage particles. (biologydiscussion.com)
A multilevel framework for taxonomic classification of viruses was recently adopted, facilitating the classification of phages into evolutionary informative taxonomic units based on hallmark genes. (biomedcentral.com)
A search of human gut metagenomes for circular contigs encoding phage hallmark genes resulted in the identification of 3738 apparently complete phage genomes that represent 451 putative genera. (biomedcentral.com)
Some "Quimbyviridae" phages possess Diversity-Generating Retroelements (DGRs) that generate hypervariable target genes nested within defense-related genes, whereas the previously known targets of phage-encoded DGRs are structural genes. (biomedcentral.com)
These mutations occur in genes that provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNAs. (medlineplus.gov)

During infection, the phage particle recognizes and binds to its host, E. coli, causing DNA in the head of the phage to be ejected through the tail into the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell. (wikipedia.org)
Product Introduction This product is the phage T7 RNA Polymerase derived from recombinant expression in E. coli. (biolmedonline.com)
Preliminary studies can be carried out in bacterial expression systems, using the strong T5 promoter, which is recognized by E. coli polymerase, and allows efficient expression of proteins in any E. coli strain. (qiagen.com)
QIA express pQE vectors combine a powerful phage T5 promoter (recognized by E. coli RNA polymerase) with a double lac operator repression module to provide tightly regulated, high-level expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli . (qiagen.com)
T1, an extremely virulent phage requires the E. coli ferric hydroxamate uptake receptor for infectivity. (neb.com)
One unit (30 pmol) of Tagetin Inhibitor results in 50% inhibition of 1 unit of E. coli RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme under standard assay conditions using phage T7 DNA as a template. (bjzblg.com)
Tagetin Inhibitor is functionally tested with EPICENTRE's E. coli RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme and is free of detectable RNase and DNase activities. (bjzblg.com)
Tagetin Inhibitor activity on E. coli RNA Polymerase. (bjzblg.com)
Each gel lane shows products of a standard transcription reaction using a bacteriophage template, 1 U of E. coli RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme, and varying amounts of Tagetin Inhibitor. (bjzblg.com)
50% inhibition of transcription is seen at 1 U Tagetin Inhibitor per unit of E.coli RNA Polymerase. (bjzblg.com)
Phage lambda is a virus of E. coli K12 which after entering inside host cell normally does not kill it in-spite of being capable of destroying the host. (biologydiscussion.com)
The 12 nucleotides of cohesive ends and process of circularization are shown in Fig. 18.11B-C. The events of circularization occurs after injection of phage DNA into E.coli cell where the bacterial enzyme, i.e. (biologydiscussion.com)
The phage λ leads two life cycles, the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle after injecting its DNA into E.coli cell. (biologydiscussion.com)
The lytic cycle ends with lysis of E.coli cells and liberation of phage particles. (biologydiscussion.com)

Phage ϕIBB-PF7A is a T7-like bacteriophage capable of infecting several Pseudomonas fluorescens dairy isolates and is extremely efficient in lysing this bacterium even when growing in biofilms attached to surfaces. (biomedcentral.com)
It would not be until 2020 that a function was shown for retrons, when compelling evidence was presented that retrons activate an abortive infection pathway in response to bacteriophage (phage) infection. (emory.edu)
A nucleus-like structure composed of phage-encoded proteins and containing replicating viral DNA is formed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells infected by jumbo bacteriophage phiKZ. (bvsalud.org)

The whole particle consists of 12-14 different proteins with more than 1000 protein molecules total and one DNA molecule located in the phage head. (wikipedia.org)
All characterized lambdoid phages possess an N protein-mediated transcription antitermination mechanism, with the exception of phage HK022. (wikipedia.org)
Protein H is cleaved due to the actions of proteins U and Z. Lambda phage is a non-contractile tailed phage, meaning during an infection event it cannot 'force' its DNA through a bacterial cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The phage-shock-protein response. (wikigenes.org)
Bst DNA Polymerase is the portion of the Bacillus stearothermophilus DNA Polymerase protein that contains the 5´→3´polymerase activity but lacks. (biolmedonline.com)
The RNA recognition motif protein CP33A is a global ligand of chloroplast mRNAs and is essential for plastid biogenesis and plant development. (uni-halle.de)
Moreover, RNA-protein complexes (RNPs) provide glimpses at the molecular ancestry of modern cells, which most likely evolved from an RNA-dominated world. (fu-berlin.de)
In these processes, transcript-borne regulatory RNAs alone or in conjunction with protein factors assemble on the surface of RNAP and accompany the enzyme during further transcription by an RNA looping mechanism, rendering the elongation complex resistant to pause and/or termination signals downstream of the original modification site. (fu-berlin.de)
3D structure of the complex consisting of the bacterial RNA polymerase (light and dark gray) and the viral λN protein (red). (phys.org)
At its upper end, the λN protein is in contact with RNA (orange) and various regulatory proteins (yellow, blue and green). (phys.org)
Until now, and despite intensive efforts, researchers had failed to identify how this tiny protein can achieve such a feat. A Berlin-based team of researchers has now been able to visualize the 3-D structure of the RNA polymerase-λN-complex using high-resolution imaging, enabling them to provide a detailed explanation of this viral exploitation. (phys.org)
The nature of this structure told us that the small viral λN protein seals together the two halves of the RNA polymerase, thus preventing it from falling apart once it reaches the stop signal at the end of the bacterial gene," explains one of the study's first authors, Ferdinand Krupp, who is a doctoral student at Charité's Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics. (phys.org)
You might remember that the dogma of molecular biology is that the information is in DNA, that's in a stable form there, that is transcribed into RNA where it's in a labile form and the RNA informs the protein factories, so that protein comes out of that DNA RNA protein. (webofstories.com)
New function can be achieved by fusing libraries comprising synthetic peptides with a coat protein of a phage and such peptide is displayed on the phage surface. (alliedacademies.org)
Both Int and IHF bind to attP and form an intasome , a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA. (wikidoc.org)
The phage λ contains double stranded circular DNA of about 17 µm in length packed in protein head of capsid. (biologydiscussion.com)
The "Gratiaviridae" phages encode a HipA-family protein kinase and glycosyltransferase, suggesting these phages modify the host cell wall, preventing superinfection by other phages. (biomedcentral.com)
Transfer RNAs help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. (medlineplus.gov)

The linear phage genome is injected through the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Previous research had shown that the lambda phage introduced its own genetic information into that of its host, inserting it at a specific site in the host genome. (phys.org)
This work describes the complete genome sequence of this phage. (biomedcentral.com)
This work focuses on the determination of the complete genome sequence of the P. fluorescens phage ϕIBB-PF7A. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequencing of the phage genome revealed that the phage JG024 is highly related to the ubiquitous and conserved PB1-like phages. (biomedcentral.com)
PB1-like phages belong to the Myoviridae phage family and the genome sizes vary between 64,427 and 66,530 bp. (biomedcentral.com)
The integration of phage λ takes place at a special attachment site in the bacterial genome, called att λ . (wikidoc.org)
The original BOB' sequence is changed by the integration to B-O-P'-phage DNA-P-O-B'. The phage DNA is now part of the host's genome. (wikidoc.org)
The linear phage genome is injected into the cell, and immediately circularises. (wikidoc.org)
Tailed dsDNA phages encapsidate their genome as a linear molecule, but depending on the terminal genomic arrangement, many complete phage genomes assemble into a "circular" contig (i.e., a contig with direct terminal repeats) [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
It encodes an extremely large virion-associated RNA polymerase unique for bacterial viruses that became characteristic for this group. (mdpi.com)
How bacterial cyclases recognize phage infection is not known. (bvsalud.org)
Despite phage replication in these matrices, lysis of the bacteria was slower than phage propagation, and no reduction of the bacterial population was observed. (bvsalud.org)
Consistent with these in vitro findings, phage treatment did not reduce bacterial burdens in a neutropenic mouse S. aureus thigh infection model. (bvsalud.org)
Since eradication of chronic P. aeruginosa infections by antibiotics fails, phage therapy is a possibility to treat bacterial infections. (biomedcentral.com)
With the aid of a mathematical model, we explore the a priori conditions under which retrons will protect bacterial populations from predation by phage and the conditions under which retron-bearing bacteria will evolve in populations without this element. (emory.edu)
In addition, the lysogenic cycle results in integration of phage DNA with bacterial chromosome and becomes a part of host DNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
The phage DNA integrated with bacterial chromosome is called prophage. (biologydiscussion.com)

When RNA polymerase transcribes these regions, it recruits N and forms a complex with several host Nus proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Numerous fundamental cellular processes, including virtually every aspect of gene expression and regulation, depend on the cooperation of RNAs and proteins. (fu-berlin.de)
Specific RNAs and proteins associate to build up some of the most complex macromolecular machineries of living cells, such as ribosomes and spliceosomes, which mediate particular steps of gene expression. (fu-berlin.de)
Twenty eight (46.7%) of the proteins encoded by this virus exhibit sequence similarity to coliphage T7 proteins while 34 (81.0%) are similar to proteins of Pseudomonas phage gh-1. (biomedcentral.com)
A specific group of phages has a number of conserved proteins but also a relatively high number of proteins for which no match occurs in the current databases. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signalling systems (CBASS) protect prokaryotes from viral (phage) attack through the production of cyclic oligonucleotides, which activate effector proteins that trigger the death of the infected host1,2. (bvsalud.org)
The life cycle of lambda phages is controlled by cI and Cro proteins. (wikidoc.org)
The lambda phage will remain in the lysogenic state if cI proteins predominate, but will be transformed into the lytic cycle if cro proteins predominate. (wikidoc.org)
NEAT1 scaffolds RNA-binding proteins and the Microprocessor to globally enhance pri-miRNA processing. (ablife.cc)
The transfer RNAs associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia are present in mitochondria and help assemble the proteins that carry out the steps of oxidative phosphorylation. (medlineplus.gov)

Formerly, the phylogenetic and taxonomic classification of bacteriophages (phages) was based on similarities in phage morphology, host range [ 1 ], ability to recombine, and also on similar cross-hybridization patterns of their DNAs [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These are called bacteriophages, or simply phages. (lu.se)

It can specifically recognize the T7 promoter sequence and synthesize RNA. (biolmedonline.com)
The nomenclature of different promoter-associated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) species is explicitly defined in an effort to provide consistency in future literature. (nature.com)
Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that transcribes RNA from DNA and binds DNA at promoter regions. (wepapers.com)
She along with one another graduate student, Bertold Heyden, studied the promoter structure by identifying the RNA polymerase binding site from fd phage. (wepapers.com)
T7 RNA polymerase is expressed from the lacUV5 promoter, which is less sensitive to catabolite repression than the wt lac promoter. (neb.com)

However, little is known about the factors which influence phage infection of P. aeruginosa under infection conditions and suitable broad host range phages. (biomedcentral.com)
We used an artificial sputum medium to study phage infection under conditions similar to a chronic lung infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Phage infection experiments under simulated chronic lung infection conditions showed that alginate production reduces phage infection efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
On initial infection, the stability of cII determines the lifestyle of the phage. (wikidoc.org)
In this work, the dynamics of phage RNAPs localization during phage phiKZ infection were studied. (bvsalud.org)
DESIGN: We used the diversity structure of the virus population at the first RNA-positive sample to estimate the date of infection, and mapped these estimates to medication diaries obtained under daily directly observed therapy (DOT). (cdc.gov)

The right operon is involved in the vegetative function of the phage e.g. head synthesis, tail synthesis and DNA replication leading lytic cycle. (biologydiscussion.com)
The immunity operon products interact with DNA and decide whether the phage will initiate lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle. (biologydiscussion.com)

The α 2 ββ'ω core enzyme cooperates with transcription factors and responds to signals on DNA templates and nascent RNAs to achieve full functionality in vivo . (fu-berlin.de)
But meanwhile one found an enzyme which can re-transcribe the RNA into DNA, and that's a whole class of viruses utilises this enzyme. (webofstories.com)
Yes, using this enzyme means that you start with an RNA molecule, you re-transcribe it into DNA, and then you take another enzyme, which is a so-called T7 polymerase, which means it is taken from a phage T7, and it is the polymerase which copies DNA and makes RNA. (webofstories.com)
RNA phages RNAdependent- RNA-polymerase enzyme lacks the proof reading activity and this contributes to the genotypic and phenotypic divergence, convergence of evolution and could improve the optimization of any engineering efforts. (alliedacademies.org)

RNA synthesis is terminated intrinsically, when the elongation complex transcribes a stable RNA hairpin followed by a uridine-rich stretch, or with the aid of transcription termination factor ρ. (fu-berlin.de)
Huang YH, Said N, Loll B, Wahl MC (2019) Structural basis for the function of SuhB as a transcription factor in ribosomal RNA synthesis. (fu-berlin.de)
Samples were stored at -70°C. A norovirus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-positive stool sample, obtained in 1997 and kept at 4°C, was used as a positive control for cloning and sequencing. (cdc.gov)
The phage RNA polymerase incorporates this cap analog during the initiation of transcription. (messengerbiopharma.com)
Phage-type RNA polymerase RPOTmp performs gene-specific transcription in mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana. (uni-halle.de)

Nevertheless RNA synthesis resumes about 10 min following the starting point of hunger. (sciencepop.org)
A very recent report used amino C6dT-modified random hexamers to prime cDNA synthesis in conjunction with aminoallyl-dUTP and increased fluorescence intensity enough such that as little as 1 μg of total RNA from cell lines gave sufficient signal for cDNA microarray hybridization [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we describe our studies on the genetic organization of phages infecting Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen of human importance, by using an assembly of tools for gene annotation, identification of expression components, and phylogeny analysis. (bvsalud.org)
Deletion of this gene confers resistance to this type of phage, but does not significantly affect the transformation or growth characteristics of the cell. (neb.com)
The repressor found in the phage lambda is a notable example of the level of control possible over gene expression by a very simple system. (wikidoc.org)
T7 based linear amplification reproducibly generates amplified RNA that closely approximates original sample for gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA and Gene Organization of Phage Lambda 3. (biologydiscussion.com)
Toxin production is encoded on the tox gene, which, in turn, is carried on a lysogenic beta phage. (medscape.com)

As the mammalian cyclase OAS1 also binds viral double-stranded RNA during the interferon response, our results reveal a conserved mechanism for the activation of innate antiviral defence pathways. (bvsalud.org)

Prophage in Phage Manufacturing: Is the Risk Overrated Compared to Other Therapies or Food? (mdpi.com)
The prophage is non-virulent and termed as temperate phage. (biologydiscussion.com)

Usually, a "lytic cycle" ensues, where the lambda DNA is replicated and new phage particles are produced within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
For these reasons, a more detailed characterization was desired in order to further increase our knowledge about this particular lytic phage. (biomedcentral.com)
The virulent phase is called lytic cycle and the non- virulent as temperate or lysogenic one, and the respective viruses as virulent phage and temperate phage, respectively. (biologydiscussion.com)
This lytic cycle is a virulent or Sin-temperate where phage multiplies into several particle (Fig. 18.12). (biologydiscussion.com)

In this manuscript we report on the full genomic characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescens phage ϕIBB-PF7A, a phage capable of infecting several dairy P. fluorescens isolates including isolates belonging to different ribotypes [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
An in-depth analysis of phage genomic sequences is essential for the proposal of a cocktail for therapeutic uses. (bvsalud.org)
Comparative genomic analysis of the three candidate phage families revealed features without precedent in phage genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the human gut offers a rich source of phage genomic diversity, the virome so far has been explored to a much lesser extent than the whole community (metagenome), composed of viruses, bacteria, and archaea. (biomedcentral.com)

Chances are, if you've written a grant, a paper, an abstract or a scholarship application about phages, you've done it. (phage.directory)

They are very picky eaters - a specific type of phage will usually attack only a specific type of bacteria, often just a specific strain. (lu.se)

University of Toronto researchers have developed a novel phage susceptibility testing platform. (phage.directory)
The rapid growth of the public whole-community metagenomic data offers the opportunity to identify numerous novel phage genomes lurking in metagenomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Bacteria transcribe their genomes with the help of multi-subunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs), which comprise two large β and β' subunits that form the active site, two regulatory α subunits and an ω subunit that supports RNAP assembly. (fu-berlin.de)

That this phage is closely related to Pseudomonas putida phage gh-1 and coliphage T7 places it in the "T7-like viruses" genus of the subfamily Autographivirinae within the family Podoviridae . (biomedcentral.com)
The size of this phage correlates well with other T7-like phage members, where the smallest and largest phages reported so far are the Pseudomonas putida phage gh-1 (37.4 kb) and the Vibrio parahaemolyticus phage VpV262 (45.9 kb), respectively [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Pseudomonas infecting PB1-like phages are widespread in nature and possess highly conserved genomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of CRISPR spacers indicates that phages of all three putative families infect bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes. (biomedcentral.com)
When DNA of the phage integrates into the host bacteria's genetic material, the bacteria develop the capacity to produce this polypeptide toxin. (medscape.com)

During her work, she developed a technique for RNA polymerase purification. (wepapers.com)

The DNA sequence of phage ϕIBB-PF7A was determined and it consists of linear double-stranded DNA of 40,973 bp. (biomedcentral.com)

The 4 ultrafiltrates were analyzed for somatic phages, F-specific phages, and enteroviruses, and each sample was found positive for these viruses. (cdc.gov)
With the volume of reports and papers on RNA viruses' replication to antiviral therapy and escaping immune molecules, the struggle and difficulties to develop vaccines against these viruses can be alleviated using RNA phage display system. (alliedacademies.org)

Phage-assisted continuous evolution has been adapted to the development of TALENs with better DNA-binding activity and specificity. (genengnews.com)
Here we present DNA-binding phage-assisted continuous evolution (DB-PACE) as a general approach for the laboratory evolution of DNA-binding activity and specificity," wrote the authors. (genengnews.com)
Advantages over antibiotics are the specificity of phages and that phages can be isolated and investigated rapidly [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Core, L. J., Waterfall, J. J. & Lis, J. T. Nascent RNA sequencing reveals widespread pausing and divergent initiation at human promoters. (nature.com)
In our case, we are characterizing promoters that bind to RNA polymerase from the T7 phage. (igem.org)
Our promoters have different affinities to the T7 RNA polymerase and the LacI repressor and therefore have different measurable properties. (igem.org)
Promoters are usually short sequences and act as binding sites for RNA polymerases. (igem.org)

So you first re-transcribe the RNA into DNA, and now the polymerase comes and makes about one hundred RNA molecules from that DNA molecule. (webofstories.com)

Phages that escape the CBASS defence harbour mutations that lead to the generation of a longer form of the cabRNA that cannot activate CdnE03. (bvsalud.org)

The receptor of phage JG024 was determined as lipopolysaccharide. (biomedcentral.com)

Only known specific inhibitor of RNA polymerase III from many nonplant eukaryotes. (bjzblg.com)

Many eukaryotic precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) bear coding regions (exons) interspersed with non-coding intervening sequences (introns). (fu-berlin.de)
3 With both eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases, the degree of inhibition is template-dependent. (bjzblg.com)
4 Tagetin Inhibitor complements the activity of α-amanitin, a potent and selective inhibitor of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. (bjzblg.com)

Product Name HHMag Viral DNA/RNA Extraction Kit Product Model HMD3502，HMD3602，HMD3612. (biolmedonline.com)
In the last few years, a large number of T7-like phages have been sequenced most of which have been gathered in a new viral subfamily within the family Podoviridae . (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of phage genomes identified in whole-community human gut metagenomes resulted in the delineation of at least three new candidate families of Caudovirales and revealed diverse putative mechanisms underlying phage-host interactions in the human gut. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, circularity can be used as one feature to identify putative complete phage genomes in viromes and metagenomes. (biomedcentral.com)

However, under certain conditions, the phage DNA may integrate itself into the host cell chromosome in the lysogenic pathway. (wikipedia.org)

RNA-based processive anti-termination is exemplified by the polymerase utilization ( put ) signal of phage HK022. (fu-berlin.de)

RNA phages possess features that can accelerated evolution and serve as platform or tool phage-based for in vitro evolution. (alliedacademies.org)

Together with advanced approaches for sequence assembly and powerful methods of sequence analysis, this revised framework offers the opportunity to discover and classify unknown phage taxa in the human gut. (biomedcentral.com)

The inhibition of the phages associated with a reduction in phage adsorption, quantified to 99% at 10% plasma. (bvsalud.org)

The phage particle consists of a head (also known as a capsid), a tail, and tail fibers (see image of virus below). (wikipedia.org)
The third proposed family, "Gratiaviridae," consists of less abundant phages that are distantly related to the families Autographiviridae , Drexlerviridae , and Chaseviridae . (biomedcentral.com)

This reveals the great genetic diversity existent within phages. (biomedcentral.com)

Specific inhibition of chloroplast RNA polymerase of many plants. (bjzblg.com)

Phage engineering was made possible with the advances of DNA recombinant technology and was mostly applied to DNA phages. (alliedacademies.org)

RNA amplification techniques have been developed to address the need for sufficient RNA from tiny specimen for microarray hybridization. (biomedcentral.com)

RNA polymerase inhibition studies. (bjzblg.com)

Morphology of Phage Lambda 2. (biologydiscussion.com)

Originally, the method, called phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE), was used to rapidly evolve RNA polymerases and proteases with tailor-made properties. (genengnews.com)

Furthermore, this phage has been the focus of several recent studies lysing efficiently its host present in single [ 10 ] and dual species biofilms [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hundreds of phages in these three and other families are shown to encode catalases and iron-sequestering enzymes that can be predicted to enhance cellular tolerance to reactive oxygen species. (biomedcentral.com)

That is able to transcribe the RNA back into DNA. (webofstories.com)
Now most of that RNA you decompose then by a nuclease, but before you decompose it you re-transcribe your amplified RNA into DNA and again each DNA makes one hundred RNA. (webofstories.com)

RNA-Coliphage Qβ has been, is and will be great interest and fascinating platform for evolutionary synthetic biology. (alliedacademies.org)

Retrons were described in 1984 as DNA sequences that code for a reverse transcriptase and a unique single-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid called multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). (emory.edu)

Therefore, phages and especially the ability of the phage to infect the host in vivo should be investigated carefully prior to use. (biomedcentral.com)
We used an artificial sputum medium to simulate the conditions in the CF lung and investigated the ability of phage JG024 to infect P. aeruginosa and multiply under these conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

With the burst of publications on phage isolation and genetic studies during the last decade, several different bioinformatics programs have been used. (bvsalud.org)
Genetic Map of Phage Lambda 5. (biologydiscussion.com)
The genetic map of phage λ is given in Fig 18.13. (biologydiscussion.com)

Once the phage has injected its DNA into its host , the phage DNA may integrate itself into the host cell chromosome. (wikidoc.org)

S. aureus is a pathogen that frequently causes severe morbidity and phage therapy is being discussed as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of S. aureus infections. (bvsalud.org)

2 Plant nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III are much less sensitive to Tagetin Inhibitor. (bjzblg.com)

She launched her thesis work on phage RNA-DNA interactions, but quickly discovered limitations with the tools that were available at the time for experimentation (Resnik 2012). (wepapers.com)

yet, the gut virome is far from being fully characterized, and additional groups of phages, including highly abundant ones, continue to be discovered by metagenome mining. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms27

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes72

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Escherichia6

MRNA12

Genes20

Coli14

Bacteriophage3

Protein18

Genome10

Bacterial9

Proteins10

Bacteriophages2

Promoter6

Infection6

Operon2

Enzyme4

Transcription5

Synthesis2

Gene6

Binds1

Prophage2

Lytic4

Genomic4

Abstract1

Type of phage1

Novel phage2

Multi-subunit1

Pseudomonas3

Bacteria2

Purification1

Double-stranded1

Viruses2

Specificity3

Promoters4

Molecules1

Mutations1

Receptor1

Eukaryotes1

Eukaryotic3

Viral2

Genomes2

Lysogenic1

HK0221

Possess1

Sequence1

Adsorption1

Consists2

Diversity1

Chloroplast1

Recombinant1

Hybridization1

Inhibition1

Morphology1

Proteases1

Species2

Transcribe2

Coliphage1

Sequences1

Infect2

Genetic3

Chromosome1

Antibiotics1

Nuclear1

Interactions1

Virome1