Phage genome antibiotic resistance enterococcus faecalis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Methods: This study assessed the expression, frequency of somatic mutations, and copy number variations of complement family genes in GC derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). (bvsalud.org)
A Genome Wide Screen Defines Macrophage Genes Modulating Intracellular Control of Mycobacterium abscessus Following Antibiotic Treatment. (asm.org)
Temperate phages are capable of protecting their host from phage reinfection and may change the bacterial phenotype through the expression of viral genes, a process known as lysogenic conversion ( 1 ). (asm.org)
Putative virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were over-represented in L1, L2 and L3 isolates combined, versus the remainder. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Prevalence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the dominant lineages (L1-L3, n = 89) and remainder ( n = 79). (nature.com)
Analyzing bacteria in late exponential phase, we capture ~40% ( E. faecalis ) and 43% ( E. faecium ) of the annotated protein-coding genes, determine 5′ and 3′ UTR (untranslated region) length, and detect instances of leaderless mRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
A better understanding of how these species cause disease and spread antibiotic resistance requires a knowledge of how its genes are controlled, on both the DNA and the RNA level. (frontiersin.org)
In this preprint, through a library of phages, the authors demonstrate that the development of phage resistance through mutations in polysaccharide biosynthesis genes compromises insensitivity towards antibiotics targeting the cell wall. (biologists.com)
This emphasises that both epaS and epaAC genes are key players in the biosynthesis of cell wall components to maintain integrity against antibiotic treatment. (biologists.com)
A metagenomic whole genome shotgun sequencing approach was used for rhizospheric soil micribiome of the wild plant Abutilon fruticosum in order to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along with their antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to detect potential risk of these ARGs to human health upon transfer to clinical isolates. (springeropen.com)
antimicrobial resistance (AMR) families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic efflux pump included resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump (for mtrA , soxR and golS genes), major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump (for soxR gene), the two-component regulatory kdpDE system (for kdpE gene) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump (for efrA gene). (springeropen.com)
2017 ). Furthermore, mWGS can accurately assign microbial function and contribution to the intact environment and technically allows the study of soil resistome, CAZymes (Carbohydrate Active enZymes) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways. (springeropen.com)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
In addition, the quinolone resistance genotype was characterized by screening for plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC. (afpm.org.my)
In almost all cases ESBL and quinolone resistance genes were located on the same plasmid. (afpm.org.my)
The importance of whole genome sequencing, which enables determination of virulence, toxin, and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as clear assignment of species and strain identity, is emphasized. (cdc.gov)
2021. Analysis of viromes and microbiomes from pig fecal samples reveals that phages and prophages rarely carry antibiotic resistance genes. (ulaval.ca)
At week 5, the antibiotic-treated cows had lower microbiota abundance and richness, whereas a greater abundance of genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), CfxA, ACI-1, and CMY, was observed at weeks 1, 5 and 9. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the contig and network analyses detected associations between β-lactam resistance genes and phages, mobile genetic elements, and specific genera. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibiotic-treated cattle had an increased abundance of specific taxa and genes encoding ESBL production that persisted for 9 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins carry genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, which also confer resistance to penicillins and monobactams. (biomedcentral.com)

This rise was predominantly due to E. faecium , but E. faecalis accounted for 11% of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland (UK&I) between 2001 and 2013 ( http://www.bsacsurv.org ). (nature.com)
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium are two major representative clinical strains of the Enterococcus genus and are sadly notorious to be part of the top agents responsible for nosocomial infections. (frontiersin.org)
Here, using the dRNA-seq technique in combination with ANNOgesic analysis, we successfully mapped and annotated transcription start sites (TSS) of both E. faecalis V583 and E. faecium AUS0004 at single nucleotide resolution. (frontiersin.org)
Of particular clinical relevance are two rogue enterococcal species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium ( Van Tyne and Gilmore, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
Readmitted in May 2018 and discharged clinically well with CRP 40 and no acute abnormalities on investigations, he returned with further rigors the following day with E. coli and Enterococcus faecium bacteraemia, treated with Tazocin/Tigecycline. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Novel Inhibitors of the Two-Component System VanRS Re-sensitize Enterococcus Faecalis to Vancomycin. (asm.org)
Each of the three main lineages contained a mixture of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible E. faecalis (VSEfs), which has important implications for infection control and antibiotic stewardship. (nature.com)
Vancomycin is the first-line antimicrobial drug for enterococci with high-level resistance to ampicillin or for patients with penicillin allergy. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Mapping variation in the vancomycin resistance transposon. (nature.com)
In the case of the bacteria E. faecalis , a species of enterococci attributed to vancomycin resistance, only the PIP(EF) (Phage infection protein of E. faecalis ) has been identified as a target receptor for phage treatment to date. (biologists.com)
Next, the genotyped epaS and epaAC delete mutants were compared to a wild-type strain upon treatment with the antibiotics vancomycin and daptomycin. (biologists.com)
Both community-associated and hospital-acquired infections with Staphylococcus aureus have increased in the past 20 years, and the rise in incidence has been accompanied by a rise in antibiotic-resistant strains-in particular, methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and, more recently, vancomycin-resistant strains. (medscape.com)

A collection of 19 different phages were used to treat phage-resistant mutant strains of E. faecalis which showed a broad range of host range variability. (biologists.com)
The growth assays of these were compared to those of the isolated mutants (through phage selection) in the previous host range variability assay, in which the deletion strains and the isolates both showed highly similar phenotypes. (biologists.com)
It was further iterated that structural changes in the cell wall is essential for unsuccessful phage adsorption, and thus infection, upon observation of the treatment of epaS and epaAC deletion strains compared to wild-type strains. (biologists.com)
Here, phage adsorption was found to be much higher in wild-type strains than those in both genotyped and resistance-isolated mutants. (biologists.com)
S. aureus is one of the leading pathogens for deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a worldwide problem in clinical medicine . (mdwiki.org)

It can be accessed online at www.helmholtz-hiri.de/en/datasets/enterococcus through an instance of the genomic viewer JBrowse. (frontiersin.org)

Bacteria grown in this way are often tested to find which antibiotics will be an effective treatment for the infection. (wikipedia.org)
We undertook whole genome sequencing of E. faecalis associated with bloodstream infection in the UK and Ireland over more than a decade to determine the population structure and genetic associations with hospital adaptation. (nature.com)
In through the Out Door: A Functional Virulence Factor Secretion System Is Necessary for Phage Infection in Ralstonia solanacearum. (ulaval.ca)

Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive lactic acid intestinal opportunistic bacterium with virulence potential. (uni-bielefeld.de)

2021. Phage Cocktail Development against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. (ulaval.ca)

Whole-genome sequence of Aeromonas spp. (usda.gov)

Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
2023. CRISPR-Cas provides limited phage immunity to a prevalent gut bacterium in gnotobiotic mice. (ulaval.ca)
Unfortunately, by the end of the 1940s, penicillin resistance became widespread amongst this bacterium population and outbreaks of the resistant strain began to occur. (mdwiki.org)
2001) revealed that approximately 22% of the S. aureus genome is non-coding and thus can differ from bacterium to bacterium. (mdwiki.org)

An effective public health strategy against the development of antimicrobial drug resistance needs to be informed by legal as well as scientific analysis. (cdc.gov)

The first key finding is the promotion of phage resistance through the mutation of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen gene. (biologists.com)

As seen with many other bacteria, RNA-seq technology has now become the method of choice for transcriptome analysis in the enterococcus. (frontiersin.org)
The Intraperitoneal Transcriptome of the Opportunistic Pathogen Enterococcus faecalis in Mice", PLoS ONE , vol. 10, 2015, : e0126143. (uni-bielefeld.de)

To develop new and more effective indicators of waterborne pathogens it is important to better understand how both evolution and ecology interact with the genomes and natural history of waterborne pathogens and their indicators, if different from themselves. (nationalacademies.org)

The body has defence mechanisms that enable it to resist microbial invasion of its tissues and give it a natural immunity or innate resistance against many microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
We discuss conventional approaches as well as novel strategies, including the use of phage-antibiotic combinations, phage-derived enzymes, exploitation of phage resistance mechanisms, and phage bioengineering. (asm.org)
The most highly abundant resistance mechanisms included antibiotic efflux pump, antibiotic target alteration, antibiotic target protection and antibiotic inactivation. (springeropen.com)

In this study, we undertook extensive genome-wide comparative analyses of twelve species that conform the Pectobacterium genus. (mdpi.com)

Establishment of Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Surveillance of Multi-drug Resistance Markers in P.vivax Clinical Isolates and Chloroquine Transporter Markers in P.falciparum Clinical Isolates. (asm.org)
Figure 1: Phylogeny of E. faecalis isolates drawn from across the UK and Ireland. (nature.com)

Together, these findings highlight the need for additional studies aimed at identifying factors associated with shedding levels and the dissemination and persistence of antibiotic resistance determinants on dairy farms across geographic locations. (biomedcentral.com)

The use of viral phages is a customary method for the treatment of bacterial infections, such as those responsible for systemic infections and bio-film formations. (biologists.com)

Using mother mice infected with both wild-type and EpaS mutant E. faecalis, the extent of transmission of the bacteria from mother to new born mice was tested. (biologists.com)

Figure 1: Transmission electron microscopy reveals diverse structural features of phages that display different host range variabilities. (biologists.com)

Development of a Rabbit Model of Nosocomial Pneumonia to Combat Emergence of Resistance. (asm.org)
Chlorhexidine bathing to prevent transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms has been adopted by many U.S. hospitals, but increasing chlorhexidine use has raised concerns about possible emergence of resistance. (cdc.gov)

Overall, 90% and 24% of the 278 samples had Gram-negative bacteria with resistance to ampicillin and ceftiofur, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

AMR families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic target protection included bacterial RNA polymerase-binding protein (for RbpA gene), while those of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic inactivation included rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase (for arr-1 gene). (springeropen.com)

The expansion of the repertoire of target phage receptors for E. faecalis, as well as many other bacteria species, forms the cusp of overcoming the ever-emerging dilemma of antibiotic resistance. (biologists.com)

By going through up-to-date reports and, whenever possible, human clinical trials, we examine the versatility of phage therapy. (asm.org)
Finally, we discuss the benefits of phage therapy beyond the clinical perspective, including opportunities for scientific outreach and effective education, interdisciplinary collaboration, cultural and economic growth, and even innovative use of social media, making the case that phage therapy is more than just an alternative to antibiotics. (asm.org)
More specifically, a study of 37 Wisconsin dairy farms reported ceftiofur to be the most common β-lactam antibiotic used intramammarily to treat clinical mastitis and for prophylactic dry-cow therapy [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The therapeutic use of bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria, is well suited to be part of the multidimensional strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
Phages replicate through two primary life cycles, the dynamics of which have important implications for their therapeutic application. (asm.org)

Actinomycetes Streptomyces davaonensis and Streptomyces cinnabarinus synthesize a promising broad-spectrum antibiotic roseoflavin, with its synthesis starting from flavin mononucleotide and proceeding through an immediate precursor, aminoriboflavin, that also has antibiotic properties. (biomedcentral.com)

This comprehensive global TSS mapping atlas provides a valuable resource for RNA biology and gene expression analysis in the Enterococci. (frontiersin.org)
Following genome sequencing of phage-resistant mutants selected with specific phages, it was found that for all mutants, even with differing selection, contained mutations in the epa gene. (biologists.com)
AMR families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic target alteration included glycopeptide resistance gene cluster (for vanRO gene), rifamycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (for rpoB2 gene) and antibiotic-resistant isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (for ileS gene). (springeropen.com)

Intramammary (IMM) ceftiofur treatment is commonly used in dairy farms to prevent mastitis, though its impact on the cattle gut microbiome and selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has not been elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
In the U.S, less than 1% of all antibiotics used in livestock correspond to cephalosporins, with most use (80%) occurring in cattle [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Blood cultures grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa (May 2017) and Enterococcus faecalis (November 2017), MSU was negative and imaging was normal. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Suboptimal antibiotic cover however led to further pseudomonas bacteraemia three weeks later and pseudomonal bacterial peritonitis three months later, managed with prolonged meropenem/ciprofloxacin therapy. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The first anecdotal observations that could be interpreted as phage activity have been traced back to ancient and biblical times ( 2 ), while the formal history of phages began over a century ago with the work of Hankin, Gamaleya, Twort, and d'Herelle ( 3 , 4 ). (asm.org)
Complex Bacterial Consortia Reprogram the Colitogenic Activity of Enterococcus faecalis in a Gnotobiotic Mouse Model of Chronic, Immune-Mediated Colitis. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Genomes of bacteria within the same lineage are mostly conserved, with the exception of mobile genetic elements . (mdwiki.org)

alpha- and beta-glucosides seem to be important substrates for E. faecalis inside the host. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Background curves represent a qualitative measure of the overall interest, research, and use of phage therapy (yellow) and antibiotics (blue), showing how the introduction of antibiotics and the critical review of the early phage therapy studies coincided to bring phage therapy research and development to an almost complete standstill around the 1940s. (asm.org)

Although phage therapy was first implemented almost a century ago, it was brought to a standstill after the successful introduction of antibiotics. (asm.org)

Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients with Cancer: A Multicenter Analysis. (asm.org)

Now, with the rise of antibiotic resistance, phage therapy is experiencing a well-deserved rebirth. (asm.org)

Herein, we enrolled 40 dairy (Holstein) cows at the end of the lactation phase for dry-cow therapy: 20 were treated with IMM ceftiofur (Spectramast®DC) and a non-antibiotic internal teat sealant (bismuth subnitrate) and 20 (controls) received only bismuth subnitrate. (biomedcentral.com)

Among the admittedly vast literature recently published on this topic, this review aims to provide a forward-looking perspective on phage therapy and its role in modern society. (asm.org)
We cover the key points of the antibiotic resistance crisis and then explain the biological and evolutionary principles that support the use of phages, their interaction with the immune system, and a comparison with antibiotic therapy. (asm.org)
FIG 1 Timeline of major events in the history of research on phages, phage therapy, and antibiotics. (asm.org)

The report also includes a summary on the status of drug resistance for TB, HIV and malaria. (who.int)

Antibiotic resistance is arguably the biggest current threat to global health. (asm.org)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains an alarming public health threat worldwide. (who.int)

Microbial genome sequencing provides the opportunity to gain a detailed understanding of the molecular basis for hospital adaptation. (nature.com)

Genome comparison with a global collection identified that L1 and L3 were also present in the USA, but were genetically distinct. (nature.com)
Figure 2: Global population structure of E. faecalis . (nature.com)

Anatomy6

Organisms46

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes78

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care6

Genes22

Faecium5

Vancomycin7

Strains5

Genomic1

Infection3

Virulence1

20211

Aeromonas1

Bacterium4

Antimicrobial drug1

Enterococcal1

Transcriptome2

Pathogens1

Mechanisms3

Undertook1

Isolates2

Determinants1

Bacterial infections1

Mice1

Reveals1

Emergence of Resistance2

Ampicillin1

Protein1

Species1

Clinical3

Therapeutic2

Precursor1

Gene3

Cattle2

Pseudomonas2

Activity2

Genetic1

Host1

Development1

Introduction1

Patients1

Rise1

Dairy1

Therapy3

SUMMARY1

Threat2

Molecular1

Global2