OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and Drugs
YawsTreponemal InfectionsTreponemaTreponema pallidumSyphilisPintaPenicillin G Benzathine
TreponemaSyphilisEndemicumCarateumEradicationSpirocheteMother yawTreponemalLesionInfectionDaughter yaws2020Eradicate yawsLatentEnlargesCrabTertiaryDiagnosisLesions of the skinCausativeBacterialSecondaryTypicallyPainlessRelapseOccurs1950sEndemic treponematosesInfectionsDiseaseAfricaSkinCasesPrimaryTreatmentCommonAreas
Treponema17
Syphilis4
  • better source needed] Mother yaws are most commonly found on the legs and ankles, and are rarely found on the genitals (unlike syphilis) The mother yaw enlarges and becomes warty in appearance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treponemas caused several infectious diseases including pinta, yaws, and syphilis. (rarediseases.org)
  • Serological tests to detect treponemal antibodies can be useful in diagnosis of yaws only if sexual transmitted syphilis is excluded. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Serological methods are also unable to distinguish yaws from syphilis while molecular methods are expensive and not readily available. (who.int)
Endemicum4
  • These include yaws (caused by subspecies pertenue), bejel (subspecies endemicum) and pinta (caused by subspecies carateum) which all affect the skin or bones. (ada.com)
  • T.p. endemicum causes bejel and T.p. pertenue causes yaws. (loinc.org)
  • If you needed coded for T.p. endemicum or T.p. pertenue as findings, I'd probably go over the SNOMED CT and grab the SCT ID. (loinc.org)
  • Other clinically relevant species include T. pallidum pertenue, T. pallidum endemicum, and T. carateum. (lecturio.com)
Carateum1
  • Pathogenic members of this genus include T pallidum, T pertenue, and T carateum. (medscape.com)
Eradication5
  • An accompanying commentary in the same issue said that, although challenges to yaws eradication lie ahead, today's study shows that the WHO strategy of mass treatment with azithromycin "should result in the eradication of yaws, if it is implemented and sustained long enough. (umn.edu)
  • One such disease, yaws has been the target since decades and particularly after the inception of yaws eradication programme (YEP) since 1996-97. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • pertenue-like strains, which could have implications for human yaws eradication. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Yaws is effectively treated with single dose azithromycin but eradication is constrained by the lack of effective diagnostics. (who.int)
  • WHO has earmarked yaws for eradication by 2020 and this test kit would greatly impact the yaws eradication drive in endemic countries. (who.int)
Spirochete1
Mother yaw5
  • Within 9-90 days (but usually about 21 days) of infection, a painless but distinctive "mother yaw" nodule appears. (wikipedia.org)
  • Papilloma mother yaw Mother yaw nodule with central ulceration and a yellow crust Ulcerated mother yaw Ulcerated mother yaw Healed primary yaw lesion, showing pigmented scar The secondary stage occurs months to two years later (but usually 1-2 months later), and may thus begin when the mother yaw has not yet healed. (wikipedia.org)
  • This primary lesion is termed the mother yaw . (learninginfo.org)
  • The primary stage is the appearance of the mother yaw. (learninginfo.org)
  • These secondary lesions may be painless like the mother yaw or they may be filled with pus, burst, and ulcerate. (learninginfo.org)
Treponemal2
Lesion4
  • Yaws is spread by direct contact with the fluid from a lesion of an infected person. (wikipedia.org)
  • Secondary lesions, termed daughter yaws , develop in about six to 16 weeks after the primary lesion. (learninginfo.org)
  • The lesion heals but is followed after months to a year by successive generalized eruptions that resemble the primary lesion (secondary yaws). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Yaws most commonly occurs in young children is characterized by a primary skin lesion (Early Yaws). (ncdc.gov.in)
Infection1
  • After primary and secondary yaws (and possibly, in some cases, without these phases), a latent infection develops. (wikipedia.org)
Daughter yaws1
  • Nearby "daughter yaws" may also appear simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
20201
  • In 2012, one oral dose of azithromycin was shown to be as effective as intramuscular penicillin in the treatment of the disease, and WHO launched a new initiative to eradicate yaws by 2020. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Eradicate yaws3
  • Between 1952 and 1964, WHO led worldwide mass treatment campaigns to eradicate yaws. (hstalks.com)
  • Mass treatment with azithromycin-a central component of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) strategy to eradicate yaws-was followed by a drop in disease prevalence to one-eighth the previous level on an island where the disease is endemic, according to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine today. (umn.edu)
  • A major campaign to eradicate yaws in the 1950s and 1960s, by mass treatment of affected communities with longacting, injectable penicillin, reduced the number of cases by 95% worldwide, but yaws has reappeared in recent years in Africa, Asia, and the western Pacific. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Latent3
  • The prevalence of high-titer latent yaws among children declined from 18.3% to 6.5%, "with a near-absence of high-titer seroreactivity in children 1 to 5 years of age. (umn.edu)
  • 86545000: Latent yaws (+ sero. (fhir.org)
  • Latent yaws (+ sero. (fhir.org)
Enlarges1
  • Yaws, after an incubation period of several weeks, begins at the site of inoculation as a red papule that enlarges, erodes, and ulcerates (primary yaws). (msdmanuals.com)
Crab4
  • Secondary yaws typically shows widespread skin lesions that vary in appearance, including "crab yaws" (areas of skin of abnormal colour) on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (named for the crab-like gait they cause people with painful soles to assume). (wikipedia.org)
  • The palms of the hands and soles of the feet tend to become thickened and painful (crab yaws). (learninginfo.org)
  • If the bottoms of the feet are involved, walking is painful and the stage is known as "Crab Yaws. (personalizedcause.com)
  • Keratotic lesions may develop on the palms and soles, causing painful ulcerations (crab yaws). (msdmanuals.com)
Tertiary1
  • In the tertiary stage, yaws can destroy areas of the skin, bones, and joints and deform them. (learninginfo.org)
Diagnosis2
  • In field situation, these tests support a clinico-epidemiological diagnosis of yaws but are not as specific as the dark-field examination. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • For the diseases bejel and yaws, I'd be curious with what is typical diagnosis evidence? (loinc.org)
Lesions of the skin3
  • Usually after 5 years of onset of illness, destructive lesions of the skin, bone and cartilage (Late yaws) may appear which are non-infectious but may result in disabilities like gangosa and pathological fractures. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Yaws presents as lesions of the skin, bone and cartilage and without treatment it can lead to gross deformities and disabilities. (who.int)
  • Yaws causes disfiguring, and sometimes painful lesions of the skin and bones. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Causative1
  • Yaws-like lesions are widely reported in wild African great apes, yet the causative agent has not been confirmed in affected animals. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial1
  • Yaws belongs to a group of chronic bacterial infections (endemic treponematoses, nonvenereal spirochetal diseases) caused by treponemes. (ncdc.gov.in)
Secondary2
Typically1
Painless1
  • These painless lesions may resolve spontaneously but are usually followed by papulosquamous and erosive papular lesions of the trunk and extremities that are similar to yaws. (msdmanuals.com)
Relapse1
  • The total duration of infectiousness for an untreated yaws patient, including relapse is probably of the order of 12-18 months. (ncdc.gov.in)
Occurs3
  • Yaws ( T pallidum pertenue ) occurs mainly in equatorial regions and can be found in South America, Central America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Southeast Asia. (medscape.com)
  • Yaws (frambesia) is the most prevalent of the endemic treponematoses and occurs in humid equatorial countries. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Yaws is the most common of all and occurs primarily in the warm, humid and tropical areas of Africa, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Indian peninsula and the equatorial islands of South-East Asia. (ncdc.gov.in)
1950s1
  • Yaws was nearly eradicated by a worldwide treatment program in the 1950s, which reduced the number of sufferers of yaws from an estimated 50 million to nearly zero. (learninginfo.org)
Endemic treponematoses1
  • Fifty years ago, the WHO recognized that endemic treponematoses-yaws in particular-were a major cause of disfigurement and disability and a significant economic burden in poor countries. (medscape.com)
Infections1
  • In the late 1980s in Gombe National Park in Tanzania, olive baboons ( Papio anubis ) with genital ulcerations were found to have yaws-like infections of the skin ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Disease1
  • Although one of the first descriptions of the disease was made in 1679 by Willem Piso, archaeological evidence suggests that yaws may have been present among human ancestors as far back as 1.6 million years ago. (wikipedia.org)
Africa1
  • The largest group afflicted by yaws are children aged 6 to 10 years in tropical areas of the Americas, Africa, Asia or Oceania. (learninginfo.org)
Skin2
  • Yaws usually features lesions that appear as bumps on the skin of the face, hands, feet, and genital area. (learninginfo.org)
  • Stage 3 Yaws involves the long bones, joints, and/or skin. (personalizedcause.com)
Cases3
  • At that time, there were 96 endemic countries that are shadowed in gray in this map, and about 15 million cases of yaws. (hstalks.com)
  • Over 300 million examinations were conducted and the number of yaws cases was reduced to 0.5 million. (hstalks.com)
  • Single dose of injection benzathine benzyl Penicillin was the treatment of choice for both cases and contacts of yaws. (ncdc.gov.in)
Primary1
Treatment1
  • The prevalence of yaws dropped from 2.4% before treatment began to 0.2% 12 months later, which was statistically significant. (umn.edu)
Common1
  • Yaws is common in at least 13 tropical countries as of 2012. (wikipedia.org)
Areas2
  • But some areas were left untreated and yaws began to reemerge in the late 1970s. (hstalks.com)
  • However, the World Health Organization reported in January 2007 that yaws is on the rise again, with roughly a half a million sufferers, mostly in poor, rural areas. (learninginfo.org)