Persistent viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

The virological and cellular consequences of persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been elusive due to the absence of the requisite experimental systems. (nih.gov)
Here, we report the establishment and the characteristics of persistent in vitro infection of human hepatoma-derived cells by a recently described HCV genotype 2a infectious molecular clone. (nih.gov)
Persistent in vitro infection was characterized by the selection of viral variants that displayed accelerated expansion kinetics, higher peak titers, and increased buoyant densities. (nih.gov)
In parallel, as the virus became more aggressive, cells that were resistant to infection emerged, displaying escape mechanisms operative at the level of viral entry, HCV RNA replication, or both. (nih.gov)
Collectively, these results reveal the existence of coevolutionary events during persistent HCV infection that favor survival of both virus and host. (nih.gov)
Epstein-Barr Virus microRNA Expression and Function in Persistent Infection and Oncogenesis. (tufts.edu)
In all, these studies on expression profiles and molecular functions of EBV miRNAs provide significant insights into the role of EBV in persistent infection and oncogenesis. (tufts.edu)
To estimate the cumulative incidence of persistent arthralgia at 6 months from acute Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and to evaluate the association of clinical markers with the risk of long-term arthralgia. (paho.org)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and can cause chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals. (authorea.com)
Outcomes of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women vary from the birth of asymptomatic offspring to abnormal development and severe brain lesions in fetuses and infants. (uea.ac.uk)
Inoculation resulted in rapid trans-fetal infections, persistent infection in conceptuses, molecular pathology in fetal brains, fetal antibody and type I interferon responses. (uea.ac.uk)
Our data suggest that porcine model of persistent in utero ZIKV infection has a strong potential for translational research and can be used to test therapeutic interventions in vivo. (uea.ac.uk)
Approximately 2.4 million adults were estimated to have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States during 2013-2016 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
and among those persons, 7% were categorized as having persistent infection or reinfection. (cdc.gov)
Utilizing an infant rhesus macaque model, we have previously shown that this attenuated M. Tuberculosis (AMtb)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine is immunogenic, and although the vaccine did not prevent oral SIV infection, a subset of vaccinated animals was able to partially control virus replication. (elsevierpure.com)
Self-reported COVID-19 was more likely to be associated with a variety of prolonged physical symptoms, while laboratory-confirmed infection was more likely to be associated only with persistent anosmia, French researchers found. (medpagetoday.com)
Persistent symptoms "may not emanate from SARS-CoV-2 infection per se but instead may be ascribed to SARS-CoV-2 despite having other causes. (medpagetoday.com)
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) is a rare but life-threatening EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorder. (nih.gov)
Symptoms of infection with viruses in the Coxsackie B grouping include fever, headache, sore throat, gastrointestinal distress, extreme fatigue as well as chest and muscle pain. (wikipedia.org)
Coxsackie B virus infection may also induce aseptic meningitis. (wikipedia.org)
Because the same level and type of care is given regardless of type of Coxsackie B infection, it is mostly unnecessary for treatment purposes to diagnose which virus is causing the symptoms in question, though it may be epidemiologically useful. (wikipedia.org)
An autoimmune response to Coxsackie virus B infection upon the islets of Langerhans may be a cause of T1D. (wikipedia.org)
This form is a mutated quasispecies of enterovirus which is capable of causing persistent infection in human tissues, and such infections have been found in the pancreas in type 1 diabetes, in chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, in valvular heart disease, in myalgic encephalomyelitis, and in Sjögren's syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
We found that IFNβ is important for the immunosuppressive effect seen in persistent infection, even though it signals through the same receptor used by IFNα proteins, which have very different effects," said TSRI Professor Michael B. A. Oldstone, senior investigator of the study, which appears in the May 13, 2015 issue of Cell Host & Microbe . (sciencedaily.com)
Oldstone notes blockade of type I interferon receptor signaling corrected virus-induced disorganization of secondary lymphoid tissue, allowed migration of T cells in the lymphoid tissue and diminished molecules responsible for aborting virus-specific T cell activity -- all leading to restoration of T cell function and control of the viral infection. (sciencedaily.com)
In the mouse model of persistent infection, which uses a variant ("clone 13") of the mouse-infecting LCMV virus, IFNβ is produced in the mice at much higher levels than those seen with a non-persistent LCMV variant (ARM 53b). (sciencedaily.com)
Upregulation of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 is observed during acute virus infection and after infection with persistent viruses including important human pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). (frontiersin.org)
Virus infections can range from a brief, superficial interaction between the virus and its host to a lifelong infection from before birth. (manchester.ac.uk)
Terms and Abbreviations Used in This Publication Acute hepatitis C Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
After an initial EBV infection, the virus may go dormant and remain latent for many years until something triggers its reappearance. (americanpregnancy.org)
Several ND10 components are rapidly recruited to sites that are closely associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes during the earliest stages of infection, and this property correlates with the efficiency of ND10 mediated restriction of HSV-1 replication. (mdpi.com)
HPV is the most commonly acquired sexually transmitted virus, with around four out of five people contracting this infection at some point during their lifetime. (europa.eu)
Given that infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has now become almost inevitable for most people, the least we could do is develop drug treatments to alleviate disease symptoms and prevent death and long-term consequences. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Persistent Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may result in liver cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
Herpes simplex viruses (human herpesviruses types 1 and 2) commonly cause recurrent infection affecting the skin, mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals. (msdmanuals.com)
Both types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2, can cause oral or genital infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Herpes Simplex Keratitis Herpes simplex keratitis is corneal infection with herpes simplex virus. (msdmanuals.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)
A healthy immune system helps protect us by fighting a virus or infection. (medlineplus.gov)
The COVID-19 virus may stress the immune system so much that it triggers an extreme autoimmune response that continues after the patient has recovered from the initial infection. (medlineplus.gov)
This theory proposes that COVID-19 infection could reactivate―or wake up―the dormant virus. (medlineplus.gov)
The manifestations of the disease are thought to result from the host response to the virus as natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells respond to infection with the production of interferon and additional inflammatory mediators. (medscape.com)

Our goal is to develop a pediatric combination vaccine to protect the vulnerable infant population against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and tuberculosis (TB) infections. (elsevierpure.com)
Interferon proteins are normally considered virus-fighters, but scientists have found evidence that one of them, interferon beta, has an immune-suppressing effect that can help some viruses establish persistent infections. (sciencedaily.com)
Interferon proteins are normally considered virus-fighters, but scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have found evidence that one of them, interferon beta (IFNβ), has an immune-suppressing effect that can help some viruses establish persistent infections. (sciencedaily.com)
The results suggest that drugs blocking IFNβ might one day be used to treat persistent viral infections, which include HIV and hepatitis B and C infections. (sciencedaily.com)
Although only a small minority of virus infections give rise to any disease symptoms, this minority is of major medical importance. (manchester.ac.uk)
But research into its prophylactic potential has turned up empty, and new evidence suggests that some who take it experience rebound infections, meaning they might unwittingly transmit the virus to others. (chinadaily.com.cn)
A Cluster of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infections Transmitted Through Organ Transplantation - Iowa, 2013. (medscape.com)

Participants were interviewed at 6 months from the onset of symptoms, and self-reported persistent arthralgia (PA) was the main binary outcome. (paho.org)
Interestingly, Lemogne and colleagues then limited their analysis to only those with a positive belief who attributed their persistent symptoms to COVID-19, and found that a positive test result was associated only with anosmia (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.58-5.57). (medpagetoday.com)
Limitations to the data included selection biases, a non-comprehensive list of long COVID symptoms, and the fact that the authors analyzed persistent symptoms separately versus "clustering symptoms," which may lead to different outcomes. (medpagetoday.com)
Since it is a virus, there are not many options for treatment other than to reduce the symptoms. (americanpregnancy.org)
Long COVID could be symptoms of a completely different dormant (or inactive) virus like the Epstein-Barr virus, the virus which causes mononucleosis, or "mono. (medlineplus.gov)

However, mutations which enterovirus B serotypes such as coxsackievirus B and echovirus acquire in the host during the acute phase can transform these viruses into the non-cytolytic form (also known as non-cytopathic or defective enterovirus). (wikipedia.org)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. (nature.com)

Neutropenia makes it more difficult for the body to fight off pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. (medlineplus.gov)

Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of the adult world population. (tufts.edu)

Ultimately the virus is able to persist in a latent state in memory B cells such that it is invisible to the immune system and also harmless. (tufts.edu)

Notably, our dually humanized mice support persistent coinfections with HBV and HIV which opens opportunities for analyzing immune dysregulation during HBV and HIV coinfection and preclinical testing of novel immunotherapeutics. (princeton.edu)
According to the CDC, the virus can cause upper and lower respiratory disease in people of all ages, especially young children, older adults, and people with weak immune systems. (wrbl.com)
T cells were found to dominate the overall virus-specific IFN-γ cellular immune response both ex vivo and after expansion in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
In a study reported in Science in 2013, for example, Oldstone and his laboratory found evidence that type I interferon signaling has a strong braking effect on the immune response -- a braking effect that may be co-opted by infecting viruses to enhance their survival. (sciencedaily.com)
Less well appreciated is the fact that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis also regulates antiviral immune responses and is therefore modulated by a number of viruses. (frontiersin.org)
This enhanced public awareness has been fueled by persistent reports by parents in the U.S., Canada and Europe that their children were healthy, bright and happy until they received one or more vaccines and then descended into the isolated, painful world of autism marked by chronic immune and neurological dysfunction, including repetitive and uncontrollable behavior. (nvic.org)
Both viruses have a significant impact on the immune system, especially through mediating the establishment of cellular immunity, which keeps these viruses under control for life. (lu.se)
possibly caused by an immune reaction to the virus. (msdmanuals.com)

Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical syndrome caused mostly by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), which is a γ-herpesvirus. (medscape.com)
In 1965, the newly discovered first human oncovirus was named Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
The graph below demonstrates the antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
Antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
Epstein-Barr virus serology. (medscape.com)
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or human herpes virus 4, is a part of the human herpes virus family and is the most common human virus. (americanpregnancy.org)
Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are ubiquitous and persistent herpesviruses commonly acquired during childhood. (lu.se)

Of the 3,356 amino acids that comprise either LCMV Cl-13 or ARM, these viruses differ only by three amino acids. (sciencedaily.com)
LCMV Cl-13 and likely other viruses that persist -- and possibly cancers -- have learned to co-opt that immunosuppressive function to abort T cell functions required to eliminate them," Oldstone said. (sciencedaily.com)
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a single-stranded RNA virus of the family Arenaviridae. (medscape.com)

However, despite sharing the same hemagglutinin, these phylogenetically distinct lineages of viruses continue to co-circulate in the same population. (princeton.edu)
These data, derived from the first large-scale analysis of H3N2 viruses, convincingly demonstrate that multiple lineages can co-circulate, persist, and reassort in epidemiologically significant ways, and underscore the importance of genomic analyses for future influenza surveillance. (princeton.edu)

Eight types of herpesviruses infect humans, two of which are herpes simplex viruses (HSV). (msdmanuals.com)

Along with this comes a persistent cough which can last for three weeks. (indiatimes.com)

Strikingly, phylogenies inferred for individual gene segments revealed that multiple reassortment events had occurred among these clades, such that one clade of H3N2 viruses present at least since 2000 had provided the hemagglutinin gene for all those H3N2 viruses sampled after the 2002-2003 influenza season. (princeton.edu)

These results implied that, although IFNα and IFNβ signal through the same cellular receptor, IFNα proteins are important in limiting early virus spread, whereas IFNβ is an immunosuppressive molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
In recent years it has been discovered that components of cellular nuclear structures known as ND10 or PML nuclear bodies contribute to intrinsic resistance against a variety of viruses, notably of the herpesvirus family. (mdpi.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) modulates cellular apoptosis, which is involved in the occurrence and development of liver cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)

Objective -To estimate prevalence of cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) at arrival at a feedlot, prevalence of chronically ill and dead PI cattle, and the magnitude of excess disease attributable to a PI animal. (avma.org)
We produced a B95a lymphoid cell line persistently infected with canine distemper virus (CDV), in which virus-specific antigens were present in nearly 100% of cells without causing cytopathic effect. (elsevierpure.com)
The virus recovered from this cell line was able to infect fresh B95a cells persistently, indicating that a persistent CDV was established. (elsevierpure.com)

CDC was notified of one patient with persistent monkeypox whose viral isolates demonstrated tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)

We performed a phylogenetic analysis of 156 complete genomes of human H3N2 influenza A viruses collected between 1999 and 2004 from New York State, United States, and observed multiple co-circulating clades with different population frequencies. (princeton.edu)

Zika virus has dogs in Ecuador. (cdc.gov)

Every precaution needs to be taken to prevent infants from being exposed to the herpes virus and appropriate hand hygiene should be done before holding the infant. (cdc.gov)

And in the 2023 transmission season, three clusters of autochthonous dengue virus transmissions have been identified so far in mainland France. (mirror.co.uk)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a lifelong virus that is categorized into two distinct herpesvirus species, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). (cdc.gov)

The sudden spurt in cases of Influenza (H3N2) virus in the country has raised concerns. (indiatimes.com)

Knowing when you have a virus or malicious software (malware) is complicated since a virus is usually designed so you won't notice it's there. (allaboutcookies.org)
I suggest a new scan for viruses & other malware. (malwarebytes.com)
The Microsoft Safety Scanner is a free Microsoft stand-alone virus scanner that can be used to scan for & remove malware or potentially unwanted software from a system. (malwarebytes.com)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) in infants can be severe. (cdc.gov)

Traditional cultural and behavioural practices, including funeral and burial customs, further contributed to persistent and intense virus transmission. (who.int)

Understanding the evolution of influenza A viruses in humans is important for surveillance and vaccine strain selection. (princeton.edu)
Details of the pathogenic mechanisms used by viruses to cause disease will be explained using examples such as the influenza virus and HIV. (manchester.ac.uk)

While naturally circulating tecovirimat-resistant monkeypox viruses have not been observed, previous cell culture experiments performed during drug development and independent studies performed prior to the current outbreak have demonstrated induction of resistance following tecovirimat exposure. (cdc.gov)
Since the start of the current monkeypox virus outbreak and as part of routine surveillance activities, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other laboratories have evaluated clinical monkeypox specimens from patients receiving tecovirimat and those not receiving tecovirimat. (cdc.gov)
This document contextualizes the outbreak, providing a summary of the virus' spread, the country-level and global response, work on preparedness, research and development and building resilient health systems in the affected countries. (who.int)

This finding allowed enhanced diagnostic accuracy of infectious mononucleosis, even if the exact virus had not been isolated. (medscape.com)
Though EBV is not the only virus that can cause infectious mononucleosis, it is the most common cause. (americanpregnancy.org)

Some measure of prevention can usually be achieved by basic sanitation on the part of food-service workers, though the viruses are highly contagious. (wikipedia.org)
Norovirus is a very contagious virus that anyone can get from contaminated food or surfaces, or from an infected person. (cdc.gov)

The EDC's report says: 'Since the mosquito vector Aedes albopictus is established in most of Europe, further virus introductions leading to secondary autochthonous transmissions may occur in most of the southern countries of the EU/EEA. (mirror.co.uk)

Similar to other RNA viruses, HEV builds a so-called mutant cloud, which represents an intra-host heterogeneous population, with the advantage of rapid adaptation to environmental conditions 19 . (nature.com)

Patients with chest pain should see a doctor immediately-in some cases, viruses in the Coxsackie B family progress to myocarditis or pericarditis, which can result in permanent heart damage or death. (wikipedia.org)

HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. (cdc.gov)

As Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks had not been seen before in Guinea, Liberia1 or Sierra Leone, health care workers initially suspected that patients had other, more familiar or prevalent conditions, such as cholera or Lassa fever. (who.int)
Other members of Arenaviridae include Lassa, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, and Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever viruses. (medscape.com)

Once infected with EBV, you carry the virus for the rest of your life, though usually in the dormant state. (americanpregnancy.org)

Encourages testing for tecovirimat resistance and pharmacokinetics for public health surveillance purposes in patients who have persistent or progressive monkeypox after completing 14 days of tecovirimat. (cdc.gov)

It is a hepatotropic, approximately 7.2 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus whose genome contains three open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3), 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), and a poly(A) tract at the 3′ end. (nature.com)

will like to know the differences between Rota virus and Norovirus, and, can Rota virus vaccine take place of Noro virus vaccine? (cdc.gov)

Viruses requires that authors publish all experimental controls and make full datasets available where possible (see the guidelines on Supplementary Materials and references to unpublished data). (mdpi.com)

it is spread by intimate contact between asymptomatic EBV-infected persons who shed the virus and susceptible persons. (medscape.com)

They detected tiny virus particles under the electron microscope in those specimens. (medscape.com)
In 1964, Epstein described the first human tumor virus when he found virus particles in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. (medscape.com)
Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image of some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by norovirus virions, or virus particles. (cdc.gov)

The genome of Coxsackie B virus consists of approximately 7,400 base pairs. (wikipedia.org)

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