Permissive simian virus 40 infection. Medical search. Frequent questions

2008 Into the wild: simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in natural hosts. (prelekara.sk)
1994 Primary acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection of intestinal lymphoid tissue is associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. (prelekara.sk)
Upregulation of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 is observed during acute virus infection and after infection with persistent viruses including important human pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). (frontiersin.org)
Humanized mice are emerging as an alternative model system to well-established non-human primate (NHP) models for studying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 biology and pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Although both NHP and humanized mice have their own strengths and could never truly reflect the complex human immune system and biology, there are several advantages of using the humanized mice in terms of using primary HIV-1 for infection instead of simian immunodeficiency virus or chimera simian/HIV. (bvsalud.org)
The number of humanized mouse models for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other infectious diseases has expanded rapidly over the past 8 years. (bvsalud.org)

These data support the notion that humanized DRAG mice could serve as an excellent model for studying the trafficking of HIV-1 to the various tissues, identification of cells harboring the virus, and thus could serve as a model system for HIV-1 pathogenesis and reservoir studies. (bvsalud.org)
Welcome to the Macrophage Infection of HIV Implications for Pathogenesis and Cure meeting, jointly organized by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. (nih.gov)
Our laboratory is interested in the pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis, specifically in intestinal factors which are critical to the outcome of rotavirus infection which range from asymptomatic viral shedding to severe clinical disease. (stanford.edu)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the prototypic member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, which induces lytic infections in epithelial cells of its native host (47, 65). (moam.info)
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily and is responsible for causing chickenpox and shingles. (howhelp.org)

however, little is known about innate immune mechanisms involved in the control of rotavirus infection. (stanford.edu)
Additionally, this study demonstrates trypsin-independent infection of primary peripheral cells by rotavirus, which may allow for the establishment of extraintestinal viremia and antigenemia. (stanford.edu)
Rotavirus infection of primary human pDCs provides a powerful experimental system for the study of mechanisms underlying pDC-mediated innate immunity to viral infection and reveals a potentially novel dsRNA-dependent pathway of IFNalpha induction. (stanford.edu)
On the other hand, homologous murine rotaviruses (ETD or EHP) or the heterologous simian rotavirus (rhesus rotavirus [RRV]) efficiently degrade cellular IRF3, diminish IRF3 activation and IFN-beta secretion and are not replication restricted in wild-type MEFs. (stanford.edu)
We believe that local gastrointestinal factors determine the outcome of rotavirus infection. (stanford.edu)

To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)
Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a lytic cycle. (hindawi.com)
Interferon-β1 then drives interferon-stimulated transcriptional programs in both cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts and ultimately undermines the efficacy of oncolytic viruses, both in vitro and in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Intestinal barrier integrity is impaired early in acute retroviral infection, but levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a marker of bacterial translocation, increase only later. (prelekara.sk)
Experimental evidence suggests that insufficient signaling through the PD-1 pathway promotes immunopathology during acute infection by exaggerating primary T cell responses. (frontiersin.org)
The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during viral infections is further complicated by evidence that PD-L1 also mediates inflammatory effects in the acute phase of an immune response. (frontiersin.org)
However, synthesis of IP-10 and IL-8, which are established markers for acute-stage SARS, escapes the virus-induced silencing at least in some cell types. (biomedcentral.com)

Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
This has provided hope for the design of a universal vaccine able to prime against diverse influenza virus strains and subtypes. (mdpi.com)
The term 'cytokine storm' entered the popular lexicon with previous influenza virus pandemics but has become even more mainstream because of the severe inflammation that can accompany SARS-CoV-2 infection 1 . (nature.com)

My hypothesis, which explains the origin and evolution of the two distinct PRRSV genotypes, is that a mutant of a closely related arterivirus of mice (lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus) infected wild boars in central Europe. (cdc.gov)

Initially, the disease was referred to as "mystery swine disease" until its cause was determined to be a positive-stranded RNA virus, designated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), that together with murine lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus, belongs to the family Arteriviridae ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
trifluorothymidine: potential non-invasive diagnosis of herpes simplex infection using 19f nuclear magnetic resonance in a murine hepatitis model. (liverpool.ac.uk)
we studied a murine hepatitis model of hsv infection to determine whether this in vitro observation would also be demonstrable in vivo. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Members of the Herpesviridae family, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) -1 and human and murine cytomegalovirus (HCMV/MCMV), are masters at manipulating host cell death pathways such as apoptosis and necroptosis, in order to successfully spread and establish latency [1-3]. (howhelp.org)

Een extra bedrag wordt in rekening gebracht wanneer het serum of plasma niet goed is gescheiden, en extra behandeling nodig is. (bprc.nl)

The adenovirus early region 1 (E1) gene, which comprises E1a and E1b, encodes the viral early proteins that are necessary for adenoviral replication and the consequent oncolysis of permissive host cells. (hindawi.com)
AAV belongs to the Parvoviridae family and Dependovirus genus, whose members require co-infection with a helper virus such as adenovirus to promote replication, and AAV establishes a latent infection in the absence of a helper. (justia.com)

The ectodomain heterodimer seems critical for the infection of macrophages, the primary host cell of all arteriviruses, perhaps playing a role in receptor interaction ( 14 ), but neither the GP5 ectodomain nor the M protein ectodomain appears to determine host cell tropism ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
Macrophages are essential in controlling systemic bacterial translocation, and this function might be hindered in chronic HIV infection. (prelekara.sk)
Although CD4 T cells are the main targets of HIV infection, macrophages also become infected and resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing potentially to HIV reservoir persistence. (nih.gov)
So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)

Released virus is then able to infect neighboring cells until all susceptible cells are eliminated. (hindawi.com)

pDC activation and maturation were observed independently of viral replication and were enhanced in cells in which virus replicates. (stanford.edu)

Infection and immunity , 18 (2), 558-560. (johnshopkins.edu)
During this infection the virus establishes latency within sensory neurons, and when VZV-specific T cell immunity wanes, the virus can reactivate to result in herpes zoster (shingles) [7]. (howhelp.org)
Many scenarios, including infection, aberrant immunity, cancer and cancer immunotherapy, are associated with cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or hypercytokinaemia. (nature.com)

The present disclosure provides adeno-associated virus (AAV) virions with altered capsid protein, where the AAV virions exhibit greater infectivity of retinal cells compared to wild-type AAV. (justia.com)
AAV" is an abbreviation for adeno-associated virus, and may be used to refer to the virus itself or derivatives thereof. (justia.com)

If chronic infection is established, however, high levels of PD-1 expression can have unfavorable immunological consequences. (frontiersin.org)

Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), and persistent HBV infection is a global public health problem, with 257 million people as HBV chronic carriers. (sciopen.com)
Abdul F, Filleton F, Gerossier L, Paturel A, Hall J, Strubin M, Etienne L, (2018) Smc5/6 antagonism by HBx is an evolutionarily conserved function of hepatitis B virus infection in mammals. (sciopen.com)
Beck J, Nassal M, (2007) Hepatitis B virus replication. (sciopen.com)

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known by their taxonomic names Human alphaherpesvirus 1 and Human alphaherpesvirus 2, are two members of the human Herpesviridae family, a set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans. (wikipedia.org)
Herpes simplex viruses can affect areas of skin exposed to contact with an infected person. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to suppress silencing was examined in a transient expression system that employed an imperfect hairpin to target degradation of transcripts encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). (moam.info)
5-(2-fluoroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (fedu), its 2'-fluoroarabinofuranosyl analog (fefau) and the 2'-fluoroarabinofuranosyl analog (cefau) of the potent anti-herpesvirus compound 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cedu) were evaluated for activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in vitro and in vivo. (liverpool.ac.uk)
specific phosphorylation of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine by herpes simplex virus-infected cells and incorporation into viral dna. (liverpool.ac.uk)
5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (edu) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), which is currently being pursued for the topical treatment of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections in humans. (liverpool.ac.uk)
dna binding of a 38,000-dalton herpes-simplex-virus-2-specific protein. (liverpool.ac.uk)
this protein has previously been shown to be a delayed early herpes simplex virus type-2 specific protein. (liverpool.ac.uk)
evaluation of a monoclonal antibody typing system for herpes simplex virus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
this study compared conventional viral isolation (vi) in cell cultures with a commercial product--virgo antigen detection system--for the identification and typing of herpes simplex virus (hsv). (liverpool.ac.uk)
limiting dilution analysis of specific in vitro anti-herpes simplex virus antibody production by human lymphocytes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system to study specific anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) antibody production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) has been developed. (liverpool.ac.uk)
redistribution of nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigens during herpes simplex virus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
infection of human epidermoid carcinoma no. 2 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) leads to a reorganization of antigens associated with both the small and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snrnp and hnrnp). (liverpool.ac.uk)
trifluorothymidine (tft) is known to be concentrated in herpes simplex virus (hsv) infected cells in vitro in the form of phosphorylated derivatives. (liverpool.ac.uk)
herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gc-1 and gc-2 bind to the third component of complement and provide protection against complement-mediated neutralization of viral infectivity. (liverpool.ac.uk)
cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) form rosettes with c3b-coated erythrocytes, whereas cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) or other herpes viruses do not. (liverpool.ac.uk)
evidence that neomycin inhibits binding of herpes simplex virus type 1 to the cellular receptor. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Further, targeting IRF3 solely in stromal fibroblasts restores oncolytic herpes simplex virus function. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Ebola virus, hantavirus, and Nipah virus). (cdc.gov)
2001. Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia. (nationalacademies.org)

citation needed] In a study of people with first-episode genital HSV-1 infection from 2022, genital shedding of HSV-1 was detected on 12% of days at 2 months and declined significantly to 7% of days at 11 months. (wikipedia.org)
A daily swab of the genital area was self-collected for HSV-2 detection by polymerase chain reaction, to compare the effect of valaciclovir versus placebo on asymptomatic viral shedding in immunocompetent, HSV-2 seropositive subjects without a history of symptomatic genital herpes infection. (wikipedia.org)
Historically HSV-2 was primarily a sexually transmitted infection, but rates of HSV-1 genital infections have been increasing for the last few decades. (wikipedia.org)

As neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons, particularly in sensory ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial translocation from the gut and subsequent immune activation are hallmarks of HIV infection and are thought to determine disease progression. (prelekara.sk)
2006 Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. (prelekara.sk)
Less well appreciated is the fact that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis also regulates antiviral immune responses and is therefore modulated by a number of viruses. (frontiersin.org)
A hyperinflammatory 'cytokine storm' state termed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), culminating from a complex interplay of genetics, immunodeficiency, infectious triggers and dominant innate immune effector responses, can develop across disparate entities including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its counterpart adult-onset Still disease (AOSD), connective tissue diseases, sepsis, infection, cancers and cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)
The mucosal tissues of the gut and female reproductive tract (FRT) are susceptible to pathogen infections including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, and are also the targets for immune disorders such as Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and many types of cancers. (bvsalud.org)
Other virus-induced cytokines and chemokines activate the adaptive immune system and direct the migration of leukocytes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
So this meeting will examine emerging data relating to macrophage interactions with the immune system during HIV infection, macrophage reservoirs and approaches to their elimination, and the involvement of CNS myeloid reservoirs and associated comorbidities. (nih.gov)

Therefore, strategies to use conditional oncolytic virus, or the so-called attenuated replication-competent viruses, to specifically target prostate tissue have been developed [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Interestingly, the brain was the last tissue to become HIV-1 viral RNA and DNA positive by day 21 post-infection. (bvsalud.org)

VZV is a highly cell-associated virus and does not release cell-free virions into culture [9], necessitating cell-associated propagation of the virus in vitro. (howhelp.org)

Asymptomatic reactivation means that the virus causes atypical, subtle, or hard-to-notice symptoms that are not identified as an active herpes infection, so acquiring the virus is possible even if no active HSV blisters or sores are present. (wikipedia.org)

Our data demonstrated the presence of HIV-1 viral RNA and DNA in all of the tissues examined and that the virus was replication competent and spread rapidly. (bvsalud.org)

Viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is a key factor to establish persistent infection in infected hepatocytes. (sciopen.com)

When delivered experimentally to myeloid cells using VSV G-pseudotyped virus-like particles (VLPs), Vpx promotes reverse transcription of retroviruses that do not normally encode Vpx. (biomedcentral.com)

[ 7 ] Os lentivirus teñen moitas morfoloxías e propiedades biolóxicas en común. (wikipedia.org)
[ 8 ] Os lentivirus transmítense como virus de ARN con envoltura monocatenarios de sentido positivo. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of these proteins within virions suggests that they play a role in the early steps of lentivirus infection, prior to de novo protein synthesis directed by transcripts from the new provirus. (biomedcentral.com)

Viral antigens in permissive cells infected with JC virus, K virus and SA12 virus were reactive in immunofluorescence tests to antisera against sodium dodecyl sulfate disrupted simian virus 40 capsids and polyoma VP1. (johnshopkins.edu)
Importantly, these data provide the first evidence of IFNalpha induction in primary human pDCs by a dsRNA virus, while simultaneously demonstrating impaired IFNalpha production in primary human cells in which RRV replicates. (stanford.edu)
However, the impact of silencing as a mammalian antiviral defense mechanism and the ability of mammalian viruses to suppress silencing in natural host cells have remained controversial. (moam.info)
Moreover, mutant viruses defective in these functions increased the stability of EGFP mRNA even more than did the wild-type virus in silenced cells compared to results in control cells. (moam.info)
The importance of RNA silencing to HSV-1 replication was confirmed by a significantly enhanced virus burst size in cells in which silencing was knocked down with small inhibitory RNAs directed to Argonaute 2, an integral component of the silencing complex. (moam.info)
This silencing response leads to reduced levels of viral proteins, and in the case of cells infected with an RNA virus, viral sense or antisense genomes can also be targeted for degradation by siRNA. (moam.info)
Mutation of the ORF20 RHIM renders the virus incapable of efficient spread in ZBP1-expressing HT-29 cells, an effect which can be reversed by the inhibition of caspases. (howhelp.org)
In this study, we utilized humanized Rag1KO.IL2RÎ³cKO.NOD mice expressing HLA class II (DR4) molecule (DRAG mice) infused with HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood to study early events after HIV-1 infection, since the mucosal tissues of these mice are highly enriched for human lymphocytes and express the receptors and coreceptors needed for HIV-1 entry. (bvsalud.org)
For most viruses, the initial encounter with the host takes place in cells of non-lymphatic origin. (biomedcentral.com)
Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) are potent, antivirally active cytokines which can be produced by most, if not all, body cells in response to virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses, on the other hand, have evolved various mechanisms to counteract the host's cytokine response [ 3 ], and their ability to induce or inhibit cytokine production in infected cells has direct consequences for the balance between host defense and virus propagation. (biomedcentral.com)
In myeloid cells, Vpx promotes reverse transcription and transduction by these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Myeloid cells are believed to be critical targets for lentiviruses in vivo , partly because they are capable of productive infection, but also because they facilitate virus transmission to CD4 + T-cells [ 16 - 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we determined the entry mechanism of porcine sapovirus (PSaV) strain Cowden into permissive LLC-PK cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites, and so must deliver their genetic material into host cells to initiate infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The mechanisms by which viruses gain entry into host cells are diverse and include direct penetration through the plasma membrane or endocytic uptake followed by vesicular transport through the cytoplasm and delivery to endosomes and other intracellular organelles [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is generally accepted to be a major route by which nonenveloped viruses infect cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Sometimes, the viruses cause mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks. (wikipedia.org)

Some of these diseases are caused by preexisting viruses that have the capacity to infect alternate hosts under certain conditions (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Other diseases are caused by viruses that seem to have adapted to new hosts after accidental transspecies transmission. (cdc.gov)

The major capsid polypeptides of all papovaviruses of the simian virus 40-polyoma subgroup are immunologically related. (johnshopkins.edu)

Amino acid comparison of the GP5 ectodomains of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus-P, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus VR-2332, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus Lelystad virus (GenBank accession nos. (cdc.gov)

Syrian hamsters are a key animal model of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and are useful for the evaluation of associated medical countermeasures. (cdc.gov)

Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)

Little is known, although the virus has been found in preneoplastic lesions. (sv40.org)

In contrast, the ZBP1 pathway is identified as important for VZV infection. (howhelp.org)
This is the first study to demonstrate the importance of the ZBP1 pathway in VZV infection and to identify the role of a viral RHIM in apoptosis inhibition. (howhelp.org)

2020) Varicella zoster virus encodes a viral decoy RHIM to inhibit cell death. (howhelp.org)
One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Seropositivity among Pets in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases-Utah and Wisconsin, 2020. (cdc.gov)

The risk is considerable when the mother is infected with the virus for the first time during late pregnancy, reflecting high viral load. (wikipedia.org)

Therefore we conclude that the VZV ORF20 RHIM is important for preventing ZBP1-driven apoptosis during VZV infection, and propose that it mediates this effect by sequestering ZBP1 into decoy amyloid assemblies. (howhelp.org)
Furthermore, the inhibition of dynamin GTPase activity by dynasore, siRNA depletion of dynamin II, or overexpression of a DN mutant of dynamin II reduced the entry and infection, suggesting that dynamin mediates the fission and detachment of clathrin- and cholesterol-pits for entry of this strain. (biomedcentral.com)

Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)

After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. (wikipedia.org)
Primary infection with VZV leads to varicella, commonly known as chickenpox. (howhelp.org)
The outcome of this primary infection can determine the course of disease, and the cytokine response of the infected cell plays a vital part. (biomedcentral.com)

Simian immunodeficiency viruses isolated from West African sooty mangabeys (SIV SM ) possess vpr as well as a highly homologous gene called vpx . (biomedcentral.com)

RNA-induced silencing is a potent innate antiviral defense strategy in plants, and suppression of silencing is a hallmark of pathogenic plant viruses. (moam.info)

Several human and animal virus diseases, generally caused by RNA viruses, have emerged in the last 40 years ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
Characterization of pDC responses to viral stimulus by flow cytometry and Luminex revealed that RRV replicates in a small subset of human primary pDCs and, in this RRV-permissive small subset, IFNalpha production is diminished. (stanford.edu)
These results demonstrate that a minor subset of purified primary human peripheral pDCs are permissive to RRV infection, and that pDCs retain functionality following RRV stimulus. (stanford.edu)
We have identified a novel RHIM within the ORF20 protein expressed by Varicella zoster virus (VZV) that forms amyloid-based complexes with human cellular RHIMs. (howhelp.org)
Here, we investigated the cytokine response of two human non-lymphatic cell lines, Caco-2 and HEK 293, which are fully permissive for SARS-CoV. (biomedcentral.com)

Virus replication leads to the production of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which triggers the RNA silencing response and robust production of siRNA. (moam.info)

A multiplicity of viral functions has evolved to modulate the host cell environment in order to ensure the efficient production of new infectious virus during lytic infection. (moam.info)

Thus, E1 protein expression will be confined strictly to the prostate tissues and render this a conditional oncolytic virus (CRAD) within the prostate. (hindawi.com)
Whereas other herpesvirus RHIMs inhibit necroptosis, this new VZV RHIM targets the host RHIM-containing protein ZBP1 to inhibit apoptosis during infection. (howhelp.org)

Plasma HIV-1 RNA was detected as early as day 7, with 100% of the animals becoming plasma RNA positive by day 21 post-infection. (bvsalud.org)
Bone marrow, gut, and lymph nodes were viral RNA positive by day 4 post-infection, while other tissues and plasma became positive typically between 7 and 14 days post-infection. (bvsalud.org)

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