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Foam CellsLipoproteins, LDLArteriosclerosisMacrophagesCholesterolAtherosclerosisScavenger Receptors, Class AAntigens, CD36Cholesterol EstersReceptors, ScavengerATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Receptors, LipoproteinSterol O-AcyltransferaseApolipoproteins EScavenger Receptors, Class BMacrophages, PeritonealKetocholesterolsAortaPolyurethanesATP-Binding Cassette TransportersDiet, AtherogenicLipid MetabolismSclerosing SolutionsCells, CulturedReceptors, LDLMonocytesSclerotherapyAcetyl-CoA C-AcetyltransferaseOrphan Nuclear ReceptorsLipoproteinsApolipoprotein A-ICholesterol, DietaryRabbitsSterol EsteraseMice, KnockoutPlaque, AtheroscleroticReceptors, ImmunologicCell LineRNA, MessengerEsterificationLipoproteins, HDLScavenger Receptors, Class EPinocytosisOrganosilicon CompoundsAortic DiseasesPoly IMice, Inbred C57BLLipidsHyperlipidemiasLipoproteins, VLDLHypercholesterolemiaOxidation-ReductionAzo Compounds
MacrophagesMurineAtherosclerosisVitroEndothelialLipidMyeloid cellsIncubationAorticQuantificationMiceIncreased foam cell formationTransfectionUptakeInflammatoryOxidativeDetectableVascularFluidCholesterolACATFormationReceptorsMembranesTissueMammalianIntracellularRegulationPhysiologyStem cellsImmune cellBreast cancer cellsProteinPathwaysLigandToxicInhibitorAcidOccursExpressionBloodHuman
Macrophages25
  • The accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, foam cells, within sub-endothelial intima is a key feature of early atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whether Siglec-E expression on macrophages impacts foam cell formation and atherosclerosis remains to be established. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and foam cell formation in wild type (WT) and Siglec-E −/− - peritoneal macrophages were examined in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Siglec-E deficiency promotes foam cell formation by enhancing acetylated and oxidized LDL uptake without affecting cholesterol efflux in macrophages in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By performing proximity labeling and proteomic analysis, we identified scavenger receptor CD36 as a cell surface protein interacting with Siglec-E. Further experiments performed in HEK293T cells transiently overexpressing Siglec-E and CD36 and peritoneal macrophages demonstrated that depletion of cell surface sialic acids by treatment with sialyltransferase inhibitor or sialidase did not affect interaction between Siglec-E and CD36 but retarded Siglec-E-mediated inhibition on oxidized LDL uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The monocytes then differentiate into macrophages and uptake modified LDLs to become foam cells with a feature of intracellular cholesterol accumulation as lipid droplets, which is the hallmark of early lesion [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, peritoneal macrophages from vitamin D-deficient mice displayed an M2-predominant phenotype with increased foam cell formation and ER stress. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • GLSP reduced the number of foam cells by improving ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages. (thno.org)
  • Mechanistically, ARIA-mediated modification of PI3KAkt signaling regulates ACAT-1 expression in macrophages, and therefore modulates macrophage foam cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions. (caspaseinhibitor.com)
  • Murine peritoneal LTC4 Gene ID macrophages (PMs) had been ready as described previously (22). (caspaseinhibitor.com)
  • Right after a 2-h incubation to let adherence, non-adherent cells were removed by washing wells with prewarmed RPMI 1640 medium, and the adhered macrophages have been cultured. (caspaseinhibitor.com)
  • Briefly, macrophages have been cultured on chamber slides at a density of 5.0 105 cellswell and treated with acetylated LDL (60 mgml) for 48 h in the presence or absence of either LY294002 (five M) or ACAT inhibitor (five M). Cells had been then stained with oil red-O to detect the lipid accumulation. (caspaseinhibitor.com)
  • ACAT the development of foam cell characteristics in macrophages by treatment with acetylated LDL was reduced by both compounds. (gasyblog.com)
  • Inhibition of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Macrophages by AM-251 and SR144528 The hallmark of early atherosclerosis is the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. (gasyblog.com)
  • Cultured macrophages can take on foam cell characteristics when they ingest acLDL via TSU-68 (SU6668) receptor-mediated mechanisms and in an ACAT-dependent mechanism store the acLDL-derived cholesterol as cholesteryl esters within lipid droplets in the cytosol. (gasyblog.com)
  • To assess the impact of AM-251 and SR144528 on foam cell formation we stained macrophages with oil reddish O a dye selective for intracellular neutral lipids. (gasyblog.com)
  • Comparable inhibition of acLDL-stimulated lipid droplet formation by AM-251 and SR144528 was observed with murine peritoneal macrophages (data not shown). (gasyblog.com)
  • Excess accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages results in foam cell production and lesion development. (jci.org)
  • It is characterized by the development of lipid-rich lesions in the arterial wall, in which foam cells, monocyte-derived lipid-laden macrophages, are frequently found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative real-time polymerase chain response Total RNA was isolated from cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages and mice aortic tissue using miRNeasy Micro Package (QIAGEN, Shanghai, China). (biomedigs.org)
  • Incubation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with 5 μg/ml 7-ketocholesterol resulted in stimulation of cholesterol esterification, while 7-hydroxycholesterol had a much smaller effect. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Parent cells in the lineage that gives rise to MONOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Multinucleated cells (fused macrophages), characteristic of granulomatous inflammation, which form around exogenous material in the skin. (uchicago.edu)
  • Host recognition of microbes happens through pattern reputation receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs)2 that are indicated on many cells, including macrophages, monocytes (1), and keratinocytes (2). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Intimal monocytes are further differentiated into macrophages and then transformed into foam cells after ingesting deposited lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
Murine1
Atherosclerosis4
Vitro4
  • In vitro , we determined the major components of GLSP triterpenes by HPLC, and subsequently assessed the protective effects of these main active components on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and calcification in RAW264.7 and HASMC cells. (thno.org)
  • In vitro, A549 cells or isolated mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) were treated with TNFα with/without BGF treatment to analyze NFκB signaling and cytokine expression changes. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, the ability of Bothrops asper snake venom (BaV) to increase the production of prostaglandins PGE2 and PGD2 was assessed in a mouse model in vivo and in inflammatory cells in vitro. (ucr.ac.cr)
  • 2000. Results of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay and the Balb/3T3 cell in vitro transformation assay for eight phthalate esters. (cdc.gov)
Endothelial10
  • After 15-oxo-ETE treatment, Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed more attractive to monocytes, whereas monocyte adhesion is suppressed when treated with PKC inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To check which cell types consider up agomiR-98 and antagomiR-98, we isolated endothelial cells, even muscles cells as defined previously [17]. (biomedigs.org)
  • MARCO+ lymphatic endothelial cells sequester arthritogenic alphaviruses to limit viremia and viral dissemination. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Through this and subsequent verification approaches using both cultured endothelial cells and human coronary arteries containing atherosclerotic lesions, we discovered that BMP4 expression is a highly regulated by different shear conditions. (e-dmj.org)
  • Exposing endothelial cells to OS increased BMP4 protein expression while LS decreased it. (e-dmj.org)
  • Also, we found BMP4 expression only in the selective patches of endothelial cells overlying foam cell lesions in human coronary arteries. (e-dmj.org)
  • Chronic exposure of endothelial cells to OS stimulates inflammatory responses in endothelial cells such as production of intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1) leading to monocyte adhesion to endothelium. (e-dmj.org)
  • A series of studies have revealed that exposure to OS induces inflammatory responses by producing BMP4 in endothelial cells. (e-dmj.org)
  • Lysophosphatidylcholine Induces Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Mediated Foam Cell Formation And Pyroptosis In Human Monocytes And Endothelial Cells. (webnode.page)
  • Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the lesions of the probucol-treated group were characterized by remarkable reduction of monocyte adherence to endothelial cells and macrophage accumulation in the intima compared with those of both atorvastatin and control groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipid6
  • At the advanced stage foam cells are unable to fully process the internalized cholesterol and eventually die, causing the deposition of cholesterol and the formation of lipid necrotic core in the arterial wall. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipid-poor HDL precursors mature by obtaining cholesterol and phospholipids from cell membranes or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. (jci.org)
  • An increased uptake of oxidized as well as of native LDL by FH monocytes combined with a down-regulation of NPC1 and ABCA1 explains the lipid accumulation observed in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zolmist Spray Buy Online Australia As conducive to proteins, the lipid composition of exosomes is wholesome from that of the cell of origin, but is anyfreedom characteristic of the room group. (upb.ro)
  • foam cell development and lipid build up in aortas of ApoE-/- mice. (biomedigs.org)
  • Omega 3-Dha And Delta-Tocotrienol Modulate Lipid Droplet Biogenesis And Lipophagy In Breast Cancer Cells: The Impact In Cancer Aggressiveness. (webnode.page)
Myeloid cells1
  • Siglec-E, a mouse orthologue of human Siglec-9, is a sialic acid binding lectin predominantly expressed on the surface of myeloid cells to transduce inhibitory signal via recruitment of SH2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1/2 upon binding to its sialoglycan ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
Incubation1
  • Gradual Changes of the Protective Effect of Phenols in Virgin Olive Oils Subjected to Storage and Controlled Stress by Mesh Cell Incubation. (us.es)
Aortic1
  • At 18 weeks old (12 weeks of nourishing and shot of miR-98 modulators), mice had been sacrificed and aortic cells and plasma had been quickly isolated. (biomedigs.org)
Quantification2
  • Quantification of macrophage foam cells was performed by calculating the mean oil red-O-positive region per cells. (caspaseinhibitor.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of simultaneous quantification of CA-125 in peritoneal fluid and serum for abdominal cancer cases and noncancer diseases. (go.jp)
Mice1
  • Apigenin served as a potent therapy against UC in C57BL/6 mice through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines,and COX-2, and through the reduction in immune cell infiltration in colon tissues [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Increased foam cell formation1
  • Increased foam cell formation results from lack of VDR-SERCA2b interaction, causing SERCA dysfunction, activation of ER stress-CaMKII-JNKp-PPARγ signaling, and induction of the scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Transfection3
  • Fresh growth medium was provided 24 h following transfection, and cells were further cultured for 24 h, followed by protein extraction. (caspaseinhibitor.com)
  • In conclusion, the unexpected find that NRP1 encourages angiogenesis in a VEGFR2-unconnected fashion via ABL1 supports a model in which NRP1-mediated ECM signaling proceeds autonomously of, but synergistically with, VEGFR2-mediated advancement fact signaling to drive angiogenic network invasion in enlargement and ( Fig. 7 H ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell culture, transfection, and adenovirus infection. (upb.ro)
  • The cells had been propagated in full medium until these were prepared for transfection. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Uptake1
  • Impacts of Siglec-E expression and cell surface sialic acid status on oxidized LDL uptake and signaling involved were examined by biochemical assays. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammatory2
  • These foam cells in turn produce more inflammatory cytokines and growth factors to promote the migration of the quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the medial layer to intima and activate VSMC proliferation and increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in the thickening of intima and occlusion of the blood vessel [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Magalhães, K. G. Potential Neuroprotective And Anti-Inflammatory Effects Provided By Omega-3 (Dha) Against Zika Virus Infection In Human Sh-Sy5y Cells. (webnode.page)
Oxidative1
  • Effector T cells are highly glycolytic whereas memory T cells have an oxidative metabolism. (nature.com)
Detectable1
  • These results suggest that the exposure to environmental pollutants in utero affects genetic constitution of fetus and increases MN values in their body cells, which is detectable right after birth in peripheral blood lymphocytes. (go.jp)
Vascular1
  • Mitochondria, as the powerhouse of the cells, hold a number of vital roles in maintaining normal cellular homeostasis, including the pulmonary vascular cells. (bvsalud.org)
Fluid1
  • Diagnostic usefulness tests and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis were performed for the levels of peritoneal fluid CA-125 (pCA-125) and serum CA-125 (sCA-125), and the ratio of pCA-125 to sCA-125 (p/sCA-125). (go.jp)
Cholesterol2
ACAT1
  • As inhibition of ACAT slows macrophage foam cell. (gasyblog.com)
Formation1
  • Foam Cell Formation-Foam cell formation was performed as described previously (22, 23). (caspaseinhibitor.com)
Receptors3
  • Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors predominantly expressed on cells of immune system to regulate their functions through recognizing their glycan ligands [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It involves the activation of purinergic receptors in the cell and/or in nearby cells, thereby regulating cellular functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell signalling events initiated by P1 and P2Y receptors have opposing effects in biological systems. (wikipedia.org)
Membranes1
  • Nucleoside transporters (NTs) are a group of membrane transport proteins which transport nucleoside substrates including adenosine across the membranes of cells and/or vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
Tissue1
  • The cells have been plated in 6-well tissue culture plates at a density of 5.0 106 cellswell. (caspaseinhibitor.com)
Mammalian2
  • As much as 5000 specific miRNAs could be transcribed and prepared in mammalian cells (13C17). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • In mammalian cells, the miRNAs give a key degree of natural rules in developmental and differentiation pathways (18). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Intracellular2
  • Immunometabolism describes the changes that occur in intracellular metabolic pathways in immune cells during activation. (nature.com)
  • In recent years a substantial number of findings have been made in the area of immunometabolism, by which we mean the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways in immune cells that alter their function. (nature.com)
Regulation1
  • Hyaluronic acid 35 normalizes TLR4 signaling in Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats via regulation of microRNA291b and its target Tollip. (ucdenver.edu)
Physiology1
  • This includes blood pressure, filtering and removal of various metabolic waste products, blood volume, red blood cell count, electrolytes, acid base balance… Guyton's Textbook of Medical Physiology has nearly 200 pages devoted to renal function, and that is a bare-bones overview with little time spent on pathophysiology. (robbwolf.com)
Stem cells2
Immune cell3
  • Metabolites, such as succinate and citrate, and enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and enolase, have roles outside of metabolism that promote specific events during immune cell activation. (nature.com)
  • Here, we provide a brief refresher course on six of the major metabolic pathways involved (specifically, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism), giving specific examples of how precise changes in the metabolites of these pathways shape the immune cell response. (nature.com)
  • Figure 7: Metabolism of immune cell subtypes. (nature.com)
Breast cancer cells1
  • 5][6] Iodine is known to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in breast cancer cells. (rawfoodsbible.com)
Protein2
  • In the time of protein extraction, both cells transfected with ARIA-FLAG or empty vector were nearly confluent, and no considerable distinction of confluency was detected involving the groups. (caspaseinhibitor.com)
  • Kupffer Cell p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Drives Postburn Hepatic Damage and Pulmonary Inflammation When Alcohol Intoxication Precedes Burn Injury. (ucdenver.edu)
Pathways1
  • Six major pathways have been studied in immune cells in detail: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism. (nature.com)
Ligand1
  • After endocytosis, the LDLR uncouples from its ligand and returns to the cell surface, while the LDL is catabolized. (biomedcentral.com)
Toxic2
  • RPWB serves in the national leadership of litigation against 3M for producing a toxic fire-fighting foam that is contaminating water systems throughout the United States. (rpwb.com)
  • For this reason sulfa drugs are not toxic to animal cells. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
Inhibitor1
  • Quickly, the cell monolayer was cleaned and incubated with 2C3 ml of trypsin-EDTA means to fix the flask and neutralized with trypsin inhibitor after 5 min. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Acid3
  • Sulfa drugs arrest cell growth by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid, a component required for growth by bacteria. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
  • Folic acid is a large molecule and is unable to enter bacterial cells, so the bacteria must synthesize the compound intracellularly. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
  • Animal cells are unable to synthesize folic acid and it must be provided in the diet. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
Occurs2
  • In neuronal and neuroendocrinal cells, this mostly occurs via regulated exocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parkinson's disease occurs when nerve cells in an area of the brain that controls movement become impaired or die. (rpwb.com)
Expression1
  • the expression of SelW had been recognized in all of the tissues, suggesting in which SelW is actually expressed broadly in poultry cells. (crenolanibinhibitor.com)
Blood3
  • The white blood cells of our immune system cannot function properly without adequate amounts of iodine. (rawfoodsbible.com)
  • They filter bacteria and small foreign proteins out of the blood, and dispose of worn out red blood cells. (ucdenver.edu)
  • The pink tinge, which comes from red blood cells, indicates damage to the capillaries with dressing changes. (woundcareadvisor.com)
Human2
  • Since the main problem was the leakage of several tones of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as heavy metals Cr and Ni into the environment and groundwater, we decided to evaluate influence of the environmental contamination on eventual changes of genetic constitution of human body cells. (go.jp)
  • In the human reproductive process, two kinds of sex cells ( gametes), are involved: the male gamete (sperm), and the female gamete (egg or ovum). (wikibooks.org)