• MicF in E. coli was found to regulate the expression of a key structural gene that makes up the outer membrane of the E. coli cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane. (jove.com)
  • The method harnesses the intrinsic intracellular folding quality control mechanism of the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway to display an scFv library on the E. coli inner membrane. (jove.com)
  • E. coli possesses a species called lipid X, or endotoxin, in its outer membrane which causes the release of TNFalpha in humans. (igem.org)
  • When the bloodstream "looks" at E. coli, what it "sees" is the outer membrane because everything else is stuck inside. (igem.org)
  • The carbohydrates embedded in the outer membrane are extremely diverse within the E. coli species. (igem.org)
  • Signal peptides (SPs) are one of the most important factors for suitable secretion of the recombinant heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli). (edu.pl)
  • The objective of this study was to identify a panel of signal peptides (among the 90 biologically active SPs) required for the secretory production of interferon-beta 1b (IFN-beta 1b) recombinant protein into the periplasmic space of E. coli host. (edu.pl)
  • Therefore, only 59 SPs could be theoretically applied to secrete IFN-beta 1b into the periplasmic space of E. coli. (edu.pl)
  • 1,3-beta-glucosidase I/II (EXG1) and outer membrane protein C (OmpC) were theoretically the most potent and desirable SPs for secretion of recombinant IFN-beta 1b into the periplasmic space of E. coli. (edu.pl)
  • Baneyx F (1999) Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli. (edu.pl)
  • Baneyx F, Mujacic M (2004) Recombinant protein folding and misfolding in Escherichia coli. (edu.pl)
  • Choi J, Lee S (2004) Secretory and extracellular production of recombinant proteins using Escherichia coli. (edu.pl)
  • WSE can not only disrupt the integrity of the cell wall and membrane of E.coli , but also increase the permeability of the outer membrane. (springeropen.com)
  • The unique outer membrane barrier and drug resistance, especially multi-drug resistance, have put the treatment of E. coli disease in jeopardy [ 5 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Lucienne Letellier is studying Bacterial outer membrane, which is a component of Escherichia coli. (research.com)
  • Lucienne Letellier mostly deals with Biochemistry, Biophysics, Escherichia coli, Membrane and Bacterial outer membrane. (research.com)
  • The various areas that Lucienne Letellier examines in her Escherichia coli study include In vitro, Cell membrane, Metallopeptidase, Peptidoglycan and Binding site. (research.com)
  • Her studies in Escherichia coli integrate themes in fields like Protein structure, Isothermal titration calorimetry and Capsid. (research.com)
  • This is a device that allows a protein to be secreted by means of the alpha-hemolysin secretion system in E. coli . (igem.org)
  • Our initial approach to study the secretion complex was with the use of double Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) transformants expressing the secretion proteins and two types of GFP: one with a C-terminal HlyA signal peptide and other one with a GFP alone. (igem.org)
  • Protein samples were recovered from growth media fractions of lysates from E.coli BL21 (DE3) co-transformed with the secretion complex, and purified using HisPur Ni-NTA Purification Kit (Thermo Scientific). (igem.org)
  • Figure 1 shows the assay for the secreted proteins (revealed with chemiluminescent signal) in the growth media of induced cultures of co-transformed E.coli BL21 (DE3). (igem.org)
  • The secretion of recombinant proteins into the extracellular space by Escherichia coli presents advantages like easier purification and protection from proteolytic degradation. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The plasmid stability in a continuously cultivated E. coli fermentation, in the absence of antibiotics, with extracellular secretion of recombinant protein provides an interesting model for further improvements. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • R.S.V. Selvamani, K. Friehs, and E. Flaschel, "Extracellular recombinant protein production under continuous culture conditions with Escherichia coli using an alternative plasmid selection mechanism", Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering , vol. 37, 2014, pp. 401-413. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The Sec translocase which provides a major pathway of protein translocation from the cytosol across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is best investigated in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Escherichia coli is the best-known model for the biotechnological production of many biotechnological products, including housekeeping and heterologous primary and secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins, and is an efficient biofactory model to produce biofuels to nanomaterials. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The genome of E. coli MG1655 is 4,641,642 bp, corresponding to 4702 genes encoding 4328 proteins. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • E. coli nonspecifically transports glucose from the extracellular medium into the periplasmic space through the outer membrane porins. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The genome size of E. coli strain K-12 MG1655 is 4,641,652 bp, corresponding to 4702 genes encoding 4328 proteins, 228 RNA genes, and 146 pseudogenes. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Fab antibody fragments in E. coli are usually directed to the oxidizing periplasmic space for correct folding. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, MVs from E. coli under envelope stress contain multiple misfolded proteins, whose release enhances bacterial survival [ 9 ]. (nature.com)
  • The current study elucidates and compares the changes in the membrane proteome of Escherichia coli in response to a range of alcohols. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although alcohol toxicity increased exponentially with alcohol chain length (2-6 carbon), similar stress responses were observed in the inner and outer membrane proteome of E. coli in the presence of 2-, 4- and 6-carbon alcohols at the MIC 50 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since alcohol primarily targets the integrity of the membrane, maintenance of outer membrane OmpC levels in the presence of alcohol might help in the survival of E. coli to higher alcohol concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study provides important information about the membrane protein responses of E. coli to a range of alcohols, which can be used to develop targeted strategies for increased microbial alcohol tolerance and hence bioalcohol production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Tat pathway ensures that only soluble, well-folded proteins are transported out of the cytoplasm and displayed on the inner membrane, thereby eliminating poorly folded scFvs prior to interrogation for antigen-binding. (jove.com)
  • Her Cytoplasm research is multidisciplinary, relying on both Unsaturated fatty acid, Fatty acid, Crystallography, Cell membrane and Cell envelope. (research.com)
  • Her Membrane study combines topics from a wide range of disciplines, such as Unsaturated fatty acid, Fatty acid, Cytoplasm, Crystallography and Cell envelope. (research.com)
  • Using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), internal changes showed penetration of NPs inside the tested bacterial cells, the appearance of periplasmic space, formation of vacuoles, and condensation of cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once in periplasmic space, glucose is transported into the cytoplasm by several systems, including the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), the ATP-dependent cassette (ABC) transporters, and the major facilitator (MFS) superfamily proton symporters. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The proteins identified in the K. pneumoniae CX-5461 ic50 OMVs were predicted to occur in the extracellular space (n = 13), outer membrane (n = 24), periplasmic space (n = 25), inner membrane (n = 13) and cytoplasm (n = 84). (nartsignaling.com)
  • Lucienne Letellier focuses mostly in the field of Membrane protein, narrowing it down to matters related to Bacterial outer membrane and, in some cases, Lysis, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia and Inner membrane. (research.com)
  • The N-terminal domains of secretins consist of copies of stacked rings which form a periplasmic channel that connects to IM-associated proteins, forming a multi-component secretion system. (elifesciences.org)
  • By comparing the fluorescent signal in the growth media against that one in the soluble fraction of the cell lysates, we expected to quantify the efficiency of the secretion system in translocating a model protein with and without the secretion peptide. (igem.org)
  • Because of the problems enlisted above, we opted for the characterization of this module by using TAT-APOPTIN, TAT-APOPTIN-HlyA, TRAIL and TRAIL-HlyA as model proteins for the secretion system. (igem.org)
  • The annotation of the full genome sequence revealed the absence of genes encoding for a non-flagellar type 3 protein secretion system (NF-T3SS). (assignster.com)
  • Three systems are known to maintain OM lipid asymmetry: the OM phospholipase A 2 PldA 7 , the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) palmitoyl transferase PagP 8 and the Mla (maintenance of outer membrane lipid asymmetry) system. (nature.com)
  • They are singular proteins able to switch between a soluble and an amyloid state. (bvsalud.org)
  • We demonstrate that this very short sequence acts as a minimalist PrD, driving the selective and slow assembly of the initially soluble fusion proteins into amyloid fibrils in which the globular proteins retain their native structure and display high activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Later, this strain was successfully grown for more than 200 h in a chemostat and was found to be able to express the recombinant protein. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • [2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)
  • They mainly comprise polymers like polysaccharides and lignin in lignified secondary walls and a minute amount of cell wall proteins (CWPs). (mdpi.com)
  • Cell wall proteomics, as well as numerous genetic or biochemical studies, have revealed the high diversity of CWPs, among which proteins acting on polysaccharides, proteases, oxido-reductases, lipid-related proteins and structural proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • Bacterial sRNAs affect how genes are expressed within bacterial cells via interaction with mRNA or protein, and thus can affect a variety of bacterial functions like metabolism, virulence, environmental stress response, and structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • For characterization of isolates, partial sequences of Rickettsia -specific genes were amplified and analyzed. (cdc.gov)
  • Since such systems have rarely been applied in continuous culture it seemed to be attractive to study the interplay between growth-phase regulated promoters controlling release protein genes and the productivity of a chemostat process. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • On a proteomic level, however, analysis of the secretome of C. albicans is incomplete as many secreted proteins are only produced under certain conditions. (jaksignals.com)
  • Proteomic analysis was conducted to identify proteins in the OMVs from K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883. (nartsignaling.com)
  • Other components of the outer membrane include a structural protein, LPP, and a variety of other proteins. (igem.org)
  • Some produce toxins and inject special types of proteins that lead to host-cell death or enzymes that break down key structural components of plant cells and their walls [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In between these membranes is the periplasmic space which is composed of a gel-like carbohydrate-rich polymer called peptidoglycan. (igem.org)
  • Recently, some specific Gram-positive bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium glutamicum , were found to possess a novel cell wall structure consisting of an arabinogalactan layer covalently linked to the peptidoglycan layer, and a special outer membrane consisting of mycolic acids (mycomembrane) [ 19 ]. (nature.com)
  • and TolC, an outer membrane protein (Su, et al. (igem.org)
  • 2012). The natural substrate HlyA can be secreted because it contains a C-terminal signal and it has been shown that proteins with C-terminally fused HlyA signal sequence can also be recognized by the HlyB-HlyD-TolC translocator (Gentschev, et al. (igem.org)
  • Major outer membrane β-barrel protein OmpC, which is known to contribute to ethanol tolerance and membrane integrity, was notably reduced by alcohol stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MlaA is the most enigmatic Mla component, particularly since its identity as a periplasmically exposed lipoprotein appears hard to reconcile with its proposed activity on outer leaflet phospholipids. (nature.com)
  • Many stresses in the periplasmic region are triggered by improper formation of outer protein structures such as pili and lipoprotein disruption that reduces pathogenicity of the bacteria. (igem.org)
  • The OM-embedded C-terminal secretin domain likely provides an aperture for DNA and protein translocation through the OM, connecting the periplasm to the extracellular environment. (elifesciences.org)
  • The envelope translocase can be envisaged as a prokaryotic feature missing in higher plant chloroplasts but retained in cyanelles, likely for protein transport to the periplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Commonly used methods for the display and screening of recombinant antibody libraries do not incorporate intracellular protein folding quality control, and, thus, the antigen-binding capability and cytoplasmic folding and solubility of antibodies engineered using these methods often must be engineered separately. (jove.com)
  • Following removal of the outer membrane, the scFvs displayed on the inner membrane are panned against a target antigen immobilized on magnetic beads to isolate scFvs that bind to the target antigen. (jove.com)
  • Sequence analyses of 17-kD common antigen and outer membrane protein A and B gene fragments showed to it to be R . rickettsii , which suggested a potential new vector for this bacterium. (cdc.gov)
  • The structure of LPS at it's core is a 6 fatty acid lipid called lipid X. When O antigen polymer chains are present, they are covalently attached to the outer leaf of LPS. (igem.org)
  • In addition, the Mla system was recently shown to regulate outer membrane vesicle formation 16 . (nature.com)
  • The Bacterial outer membrane study combines topics in areas such as Periplasmic space, Lysis and Vesicle. (research.com)
  • Klee EW, Ellis LBM (2005) Evaluating eukaryotic secreted protein prediction BMC Bioinformatics, 6, 256. (edu.pl)
  • The origin of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway is not unique and less straightforward than previously thought: some basic components likely have proteoarchaeal origins, but the pathway was extensively developed before the eukaryotic diversification through multiple gene duplications, protein co-options, neofunctionalizations and even possible horizontal gene transfers from bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More than half of all eukaryotic proteins are glycoproteins, and 90 % of those are N- glycosylated [ 33 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Periplasmic stress, also known as envelope stress, is triggered by several factors that influence the ability of the bacteria to communicate with other cells through quorum sensing, pathological pathway, pili formation, outer membrane protein formation which plays a role in adhesion of the cells allowing them to form proper colonies and survive. (igem.org)
  • Although the signal is weak for some lanes, all therapeutic proteins (with the exception of TRAIL from transformant 2) were expressed inside the bacteria. (igem.org)
  • No bacteria or protein contaminants were observed. (nartsignaling.com)
  • Magnan CN, Randall A, Baldi P (2009) SOLpro: accurate sequencebased prediction of protein solubility. (edu.pl)
  • In addition, heterologous antisera directed against components of the Toc/Tic translocons and binding of a labeled precursor protein were used to discriminate between inner and outer envelope membranes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unfortunately, due to the fact that GFP-HlyA was not emmiting any detectable fluorescent signal and that the growth media was interfering with the readings, we were unable to compare the concentration of fluorescent proteins being secreted in each culture. (igem.org)
  • Treated cells showed degradation in isolated DNA, decreased proteins and carbohydrates concentration compared with untreated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • Ageing leads to a gradual dysfunction of the proteostasis network and thus to proteome instability due to accumulation of damaged and/or misfolded proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Baradaran A, Sieo CC, Foo HL, Illias RM, Yusoff K, Rahim RA (2013) Cloning and in silico characterization of two signal peptides from Pediococcus pentosaceus and their function for the secretion of heterologous protein in Lactococcus lactis. (edu.pl)
  • Her Membrane research integrates issues from Bacterial virus, Plasma protein binding, Nanotechnology and Transmembrane protein. (research.com)
  • Her Membrane study combines topics in areas such as Cell biology and Transmembrane protein. (research.com)
  • The concepts of her Biophysics study are interwoven with issues in Membrane, Membrane protein and Transmembrane protein. (research.com)
  • docked on CpxA transmembrane protein. (igem.org)
  • The 6S RNA binds to RNA polymerase and regulates transcription, tmRNA has functions in protein synthesis, including the recycling of stalled ribosomes, 4.5S RNA regulates signal recognition particle (SRP), which is required for the secretion of proteins and RNase P is involved in maturing tRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • It regulates proteins which are responsible for cellular adhesion and pili formation (Diguiseppe and Silhavy, 2003). (igem.org)
  • These methods are powerful and effective for identifying antibodies that bind to targets, yet they depend on the secretory pathway to transport proteins that will be displayed 14-16 . (jove.com)
  • Cpx pathway is involved in maintaining cellular adhesion and keeping periplasmic environment in check. (igem.org)
  • Cpx also acts as a periplasmic heat shock pathway. (igem.org)
  • The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The Sec translocase, an example for "conservative sorting" in the course of evolution, is found in the plasma membrane of all prokaryotes, in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and in both these membrane types of cyanobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyanobacteria, the ancestors of chloroplasts are prokaryotes with an endomembrane system in addition to the envelope membrane(s). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show, using X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro and in vivo functional assays, that MlaA is a monomeric α-helical OM protein that functions as a phospholipid translocation channel, forming a ~20-Å-thick doughnut embedded in the inner leaflet of the OM with a central, amphipathic pore. (nature.com)
  • This SecYEG complex and the hydrophilic protein SecA, which acts as the translocation ATPase, are the primary components of the Sec translocation machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These images illustrate the promoters of choice by team Calgary for detection of periplasmic stress. (igem.org)
  • Many protein bands were identified in the K. pneumoniae OMVs, but the protein profiles were different between OMVs and whole-cell lysates (Fig. 1b), find more suggesting the absence of bacterial contaminants. (nartsignaling.com)
  • 159 proteins in the K. pneumoniae OMVs (Supporting Information, Table S1). (nartsignaling.com)
  • Microbes spontaneously release membrane vesicles (MVs), which play roles in nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. (nature.com)
  • This Special Issue, "Plant Cell Wall Proteins and Development", will cover a selection of recent research topics in the field of cell wall biology focused on cell wall proteins and their roles during development. (mdpi.com)
  • The size of the complex, its oligomeric state and the structures of its periplasmic N-terminal domains vary considerably between organisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • The secretin complex of Thermus thermophilus is an oligomer of the 757-residue PilQ protein, essential for DNA uptake and pilus extrusion. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many conserved proteins of the bacterial DNA uptake machineries are similar to components of protein secretion and type IV pilus biogenesis systems and often play a dual role ( Hobbs and Mattick, 1993 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Her Biophysics research includes elements of Plasma protein binding, Molecular biology, Membrane, Membrane protein and Virus Integration. (research.com)
  • The molecular oxygen is reduced by the electrons extracted from the specific metal sulfide, via a redox chain forming a supercomplex spanning the periplasmic space and connecting both outer and inner membrane. (cyberleninka.org)
  • Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 16,000, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308nm. (lookformedical.com)
  • VMD is a molecular graphics program designed for the display and analysis of molecular assemblies, in particular biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids. (uiuc.edu)
  • In this paper we present evidence for a dual location of the Sec translocon in the thylakoid as well as inner envelope membranes of the cyanelles from Cyanophora paradoxa , i. e. conservative sorting sensu stricto . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The controlled assembly of globular proteins into active amyloid nanofibrils is still challenging, because the formation of amyloids implies a conformational conversion towards a ß-sheet-rich structure, with a concomitant loss of the native fold and the inactivation of the protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • To gain insights about the insertion of bR helix C into biological membranes, we replaced two key aspartic residues that control the topological transition from the aqueous phase into a lipid bilayer. (bvsalud.org)
  • MlaA represents a lipid transport protein that selectively removes outer leaflet phospholipids to help maintain the essential barrier function of the bacterial OM. (nature.com)
  • The inner membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer and a variety of proteins. (igem.org)
  • The outer membrane similarly is a lipid bilayer, and the lipid component of it is called lipopolysaccharide, or LPS. (igem.org)
  • MlaC probably accepts a phospholipid from MlaA and shuttles it to the ABC transporter for ATP-dependent plasma membrane insertion 5 . (nature.com)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • Membrane vesicles (MVs) have recently been identified as type zero secretion systems [ 5 ], which are nano-sized spherical buds regularly released from microbial cellular membranes. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, our study identifies a novel form of STP which may provide the basis for both short- and long-term potentiation, in the absence of any protein synthesis-dependent steps, and involve CaMKII activity exclusively in the presynaptic cell. (nartsignaling.com)
  • A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. (lookformedical.com)
  • Her study in DNA is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from both Crystallography, In vivo and Cell membrane. (research.com)
  • The comparison of several polyisoprenol-based glycosylation pathways from the three domains of life shows that most of the implicated proteins belong to a limited number of superfamilies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (lookformedical.com)
  • They have the ability to modulate protein activity by binding to a target protein inside cells to prevent protein-protein interactions, disrupt protein-nucleic acid interactions, or prevent substrate access to enzymes 1-5 . (jove.com)
  • The proteins then fold under oxidizing conditions and are displayed on the cell surface or packaged into phage particles to screen for binding affinity 17,18 . (jove.com)
  • The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a unique bilayer that forms an efficient permeation barrier to protect the cell from noxious compounds 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Reviewing the literature, it was found that the toxicity of the tellurite occurs via the two probable mechanisms: i) replacing the sulfur group in a number of amino acids and as a result creating non-functional proteins and ii) severely oxidizing the glutathione reservoir of the cells, which lead to the generation of excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupting cell macromolecules involved in metabolic pathways (5, 6). (ijbiotech.com)
  • Dalton AC, Barton WA (2014) Over-expression of secreted proteins from mammalian cell lines. (edu.pl)
  • WSE exerted its bactericidal activity by damaging the bacterial cell wall and membrane and increasing outer membrane permeability. (springeropen.com)
  • cell combat periplasmic stress? (igem.org)
  • For amplification of an outer membrane protein B ( ompB ) gene fragment, primers 120-M59 and 120-807 were used ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Recently, lmo1941, encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes with unknown function, was identified as a gene transcriptionally upregulated under penicillin G pressure. (nartsignaling.com)
  • 1493782030835866 ': ' Can pick, follow or control patterns in the shop and space exception residues. (mondolucien.net)
  • The controlled co-expression of a bacteriocin release protein aids in moving periplasmic proteins through the outer membrane. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Small-scale Fab expression demonstrated significant differences in yield and ratio of periplasmic to extracellular Fab between different culture media and host strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • this way, we could detect which proteins are being expressed inside the cells but are not translocated to the growth media. (igem.org)
  • Finally, we found that the heme carried in MVs is utilized by multiple species, and we further verified that membrane fusion efficiency and species evolutionary distance determine heme delivery. (nature.com)
  • Increased beta between these ideal limits causes a shift in the unstable region of delta W_K space, where delta W_K is the change in potential energy due to kinetic effects that is solved for by the reduced model, such that it is possible for plasmas to be unstable at intermediate beta but stable at higher beta. (princeton.edu)
  • The reduced model was tested on a database of discharges from NSTX and experimentally stable and unstable discharges were separated noticeably on a stability map in E cross B frequency, collisionality space. (princeton.edu)