Perforin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRF1 gene and the Prf1 gene in mice. (wikipedia.org)
Perforin antibody LS-C732489 is an APC, Cy7-conjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to mouse Perforin (PRF1) (aa40-355). (lsbio.com)
Perforin 1 (PRF1) Active Protein - 0.1 mg - 1 kit is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock. (phantome.org)
Protein10
Perforin is a pore forming cytolytic protein found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NK cells). (wikipedia.org)
Upon degranulation, perforin molecules translocate to the target cell with the help of calreticulin, which works as a chaperone protein to prevent perforin from degrading. (wikipedia.org)
Target cell apoptosis induced by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells involves synergy between the pore-forming protein, perforin, and the serine protease, granzyme B". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Perforin (PFN) is a pore-forming protein produced by cytotoxic lymphocytes that aids in the clearance of tumor or virus-infected cells by a mechanism that involves the formation of transmembrane pores. (ox.ac.uk)
Cytotoxic function, the expression of the cytotoxic proteins (granzyme B and perforin), and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation were examined. (tnstate.edu)
A 1 h exposure to 300 nM TBT followed by 24 h in the presence of IL-2 or IL-12 caused a return of mRNA levels of granzyme B and perforin and IL-2 caused a return in perforin and granzyme B protein levels to baseline levels. (tnstate.edu)
Perforin-2 (PFN2, MPEG1) is a pore-forming protein that acts as a first line of defense in the mammalian immune system, rapidly killing engulfed microbes within the phagolysosome in macrophages. (ox.ac.uk)
Structure of astrotactin-2: a conserved vertebrate-specific and perforin-like membrane protein involved in neuronal development. (ox.ac.uk)
The perforin-like domain differs from that of other members of the membrane attack complex-perforin (MACPF) protein family in ways that suggest ASTN-2 does not form pores. (ox.ac.uk)
Decreased natural killer (NK) cell activity was observed in 11 patients , reduced perforin protein expression in ten patients , concurrent Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) infection at onset in eight patients , a family history in two patients , and central nervous system involvement in four patients . (bvsalud.org)
Proteins2
The results collectively indicate that PFN forms heterogeneous pores through a multistep mechanism and provide a new paradigm for understanding the range of different effects of PFN and related membrane attack complex/perforin domain proteins observed in vivo and in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
The vertebrate-specific proteins astrotactin-1 and 2 (ASTN-1 and ASTN-2) are integral membrane perforin-like proteins known to play critical roles in neurodevelopment, while ASTN-2 has been linked to the planar cell polarity pathway in hair cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Granzyme B and perforin5
NK cells exposed to 300 nM TBT for 1h showed no consistent decrease in cytotoxic function, levels of granzyme B and perforin, or phosphorylation of CREB. (tnstate.edu)
A 24 h exposure to 200 nM TBT caused significant decreases in cytotoxic function, levels of granzyme B and perforin, and levels of granzyme B and perforin mRNA. (tnstate.edu)
When NK cells were exposed to 300 nM TBT followed by 24 or 48 h in TBT-free media, again there were decreases in cytotoxic function, levels of granzyme B and perforin and their mRNA. (tnstate.edu)
IL-2 or IL-12, also prevented the TBT-induced decreases in the levels of granzyme B and perforin mRNA in the 48 h period following TBT exposure. (tnstate.edu)
However, Bcl-2 expression significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by purified granzyme B and perforin. (ox.ac.uk)
MACPF1
The lytic membrane-inserting part of perforin is the MACPF domain. (wikipedia.org)
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins1
Editorial: Perforins and Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins in Immunity and Pathogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
Pores3
Perforin oligomerises in a Ca2+ dependent manner to form pores on the target cell. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we studied pore characteristics by functional and structural methods to show that perforin forms pores more heterogeneous than anticipated. (ox.ac.uk)
Planar lipid bilayer experiments indicate that perforin pores exhibit a broad range of conductances, from 0.15 to 21 nanosiemens. (ox.ac.uk)
Membrane2
Perforin then binds to the target cell's plasma membrane via membrane phospholipids while phosphatidylcholine binds calcium ions to increase perforin's affinity to the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Perforin is thought to act by creating holes in the plasma membrane which triggers an influx of calcium and initiates membrane repair mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Molecule2
This review is mainly focused on the possible mechanistic roles of the transmembrane Perforin-2 molecule in the regulation of type I IFNinduced signaling. (scientificarchives.com)
In studying the immunological mechanisms that underlie metabolic control of fat tissue, Yair Reisner, of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, and his colleagues discovered that mice that lacked certain dendritic immune cells that release a toxic molecule called perforin progressively gained weight and exhibited features of the metabolic syndrome. (sciencedaily.com)
Mice5
In an effort to identify potential axon injury mediators, we examined demyelination, motor function, and the number of spinal axons in perforin-deficient mice. (elsevierpure.com)
Indeed, we found that while perforin-deficient mice had considerable spinal cord demyelination 180 days after infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, such mice exhibited functional and axonal preservation comparable to non-demyelinated perforin-competent controls. (elsevierpure.com)
To test whether apoptosis induced by either of these pathways could be blocked by Bcl-2, we exposed bcl-2-transfected cells to CTL derived from normal, perforin-deficient, or CD95 ligand mutant (gld) mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Depleting these T cells prevented the mice that lacked the perforin-expressing dendritic cells from gaining weight or developing metabolic abnormalities. (sciencedaily.com)
While the connection between fat cells and inflammation has already been shown in mice fed a high-fat diet, this is the first time that researchers have demonstrated the connection in animals on a regular diet, simply by eliminating perforin-expressing dendritic cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Pathway2
Human intestinal and circulating invariant natural killer T cells are cytotoxic against colorectal cancer cells via the perforin-granzyme pathway. (nih.gov)
These results suggest that while Bcl-2 is capable of inhibiting the apoptotic pathway utilized by perforin and granzyme B, other granule components can bypass this block. (ox.ac.uk)
Granzymes1
These repair mechanisms bring perforin and granzymes into early endosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Gene6
Clinical characteristics of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with perforin gene deficiency: a single-center retrospective study]. (bvsalud.org)
This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) associated with perforin gene deficiency . (bvsalud.org)
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 16 pHLH patients associated with perforin gene deficiency at Beijing Friendship Hospital , Capital Medical University , from April 2014 to August 2021. (bvsalud.org)
Emphasizing the diagnosis of pHLH in adults with perforin gene deficiency . (bvsalud.org)
Variations of the perforin gene in patients with autoimmunity/lymphoproliferation and defective Fas function. (cdc.gov)
Variations of the perforin gene in patients with type 1 diabetes. (cdc.gov)
Interferon2
Quercetin exposure significantly increased γδ T cell proliferation and also raised the expressions of granzyme B (Gra B), perforin (PFP), and interferon- γ (IFN-γ) in γδ T cells. (banglajol.info)
Both perforin and IL-18 drive Interferon-gamma (IFNg), which appears central to and promotes most forms of hyperinflammation. (histio.org)
Effector2
Perforin is one of the major effector molecules used by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells to mediate targeted cell lysis. (biolegend.com)
We conclude that perforin-dependent effector cells such as cytotoxic T cells, γδ T cells, and natural killer cells may play a role in axon damage that is dependent upon but separable from demyelination. (elsevierpure.com)
Deficiency1
Our group has been focused on the intersecting but distinct processes by which two well-established vulnerability factors, perforin deficiency and excess IL-18. (histio.org)
Calcium2
Surface plasmon resonance and microscale thermophoresis approaches for determining the affinity of perforin for calcium ions. (ki.si)
In the presence of calcium, perforin polymerizes into transmembrane tubules and is capable of lysing non-specifically a variety of target cells. (lu.se)
The MSDS of Perforin for 1 is available from Karlan upon request. (phantome.org)
Clone1
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were surface stained with CD8 FITC, fixed with Fixation Buffer, permeabilized with Intracellular Staining Permeabilization Wash Buffer (10X), and then intracellularly stained with Perforin (clone dG9) APC/Cyanine7 (left), or mouse IgG2b, κ APC/Cyanine7 isotype control (right). (biolegend.com)
Human perforin employs different avenues to damage membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
We previously found that ziram, a carbamate pesticide, significantly reduced perforin, granzyme A (GrA), granzyme B (GrB), granzyme 3/K (Gr3/K), and granulysin (GRN) levels in NK-92MI cells, a human natural killer (NK) cell line. (researchgate.net)
Functional1
Perforin has structural and functional similarities to complement component 9 (C9). (wikipedia.org)
Molecular1
Perforin is a critical molecular mediator of cytotoxic immunological injury and we hypothesized that genetic deletion of perforin expression would protect demyelinated axons. (elsevierpure.com)
Critical1
Perforin is a critical component of T-and-NK-cell toxcity. (histio.org)
Domain1
Here we present the structure of the majority endosomal region of ASTN-2, showing it to consist of a unique combination of polypeptide folds: a perforin-like domain, a minimal epidermal growth factor-like module, a unique form of fibronectin type III domain and an annexin-like domain. (ox.ac.uk)
Characteristics1
Moreover, this is the first paper to clearly establish that a CD56 bright CD3 - CD16 - perforin- NK reg population associates with a lack of cGvHD and has several unique characteristics, including the suppression of helper T-cell function in vitro. (haematologica.org)
Natural1
These inversely correlated with perforin-expressing natural killer (NK) and CD3+ T cells. (nih.gov)
Suggest1
These combined observations suggest that one function of these perforin-expressing dendritic cells is to remove potentially autoimmune T cells, and in so doing, decrease inflammation. (sciencedaily.com)
Activity1
IL-2 and antigen dose differentially regulate perforin- and FasL-mediated cytolytic activity in antigen specific CD4+ T cells. (umassmed.edu)
Patients1
We observed a lower number of perforin-expressing NK cells in intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with non-ICU patients, suggesting an impairment of the immune cytotoxic arm as a pathogenic mechanism. (nih.gov)
Addition1
We conclude that CTL harbor potent killing mechanism(s) in addition to those provided by CD95 ligand or perforin and granzyme B that cannot be overcome by Bcl-2. (ox.ac.uk)