Peptide of molecular weight peptide carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Haptens are substances with a low molecular weight such as peptides, small proteins and drug molecules that are generally not immunogenic and require the aid of a carrier protein to stimulate a response from the immune system in the form of antibody production. (wikipedia.org)
PEG modification, also known as polyethylene glycol modification, is a method of chemically coupling PEG to protein or peptide molecules to enhance the activity of peptides. (kmdbioscience.com)
They are small molecules that become immunogenic only when they are combined with larger carrier proteins [9,10]. (biomedres.us)
For instance, pathological vasculature is more permeable in comparison to healthy tissue, thus an accumulation of high molecular weight molecules and nanoparticles is possible in the interstitial space of tumours. (europa.eu)
Subsequent entry of the final monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose) into the enterocytes through the brush border occurs via carrier molecules. (medscape.com)
However, the chemical PEGylation may hamper the therapeutic effects of the BF-30 or other peptides because the increased steric hindrance prevents the binding of targeting molecules [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
Molecular self-assembly is a process in which molecules (or part of molecules) spontaneously form ordered aggregates and involves no human intervention. (scialert.net)
Disclosed is a covalently-linked multilayered three-dimensional matrix comprising capture molecules, linkers and spacers (referred to as a Molecular Net) for specific and sensitive analyte capture from a sample. (justia.com)
Use of various capture molecules, linkers and spacers in a Molecular Net may confer unique binding properties to a Molecular Net. (justia.com)
This discrepancy is explained by thymic selection where the fate of T-cell precursors is dependent on the recognition of self-peptides (self-p) presented by MHC molecules on thymic stromal cells ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
By a pathway that has not been defined, the Langerhans cells of the epidermis take up the hapten carrier conjugates, and a sensitizing peptide is presented in association with MHC-II molecules. (brainkart.com)
This has been established by experiments on simple model interfaces1,2 and by molecular dynamics simulations.8-10 Given an estimate of the number (nH) of water molecules in the hydration layer, e.g. from a simulation, we can obtain, in an essentially model-free way, the rotational correlation time htHi averaged over all sites in the hydration layer. (lu.se)

CXCR4 synthetic peptide (coupled to carrier protein) corresponds to amino acids in the C-terminal region of human CXCR4. (phosphosolutions.com)
Plexin-A1 synthetic peptide (coupled to carrier protein) corresponding to a region within the semaphorin domain in human Plexin-A1. (phosphosolutions.com)
The specific activity of Lck is typically 180-244 nmol/min/mg using a Poly (Glu:Tyr, 4:1) synthetic peptide substrate. (bio-techne.com)
Synthetic peptide within Human Alpha-synuclein (phospho Y125). (abcam.com)
Synthetic peptide. (abcam.com)

However, from the cellular perspective, after binding of hapten to a carrier protein and formation of the complexes that are processed inside Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) and presented as a stable hapten-peptide complex to the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) settled in the tissues, an immune response will begin [13]. (biomedres.us)
Recent observations raise the hypothesis that not only the drug/chemical, but also parts of the haptenated protein or peptides may constitute the important structural determinants for antigen recognition by the TCR. (frontiersin.org)

Drugs with low molecular weight as antigens can bind to antibodies but are not immunogenic. (biomedres.us)
However, only high molecular weight antigens, which are called immunogens, can stimulate immune responses [8]. (biomedres.us)

Results】 The antennal binding protein gene cloned was named as PxylOBP31 (GenBank accession no. (insect.org.cn)

Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is used extensively as a carrier protein in the production of antibodies for research, biotechnology and therapeutic applications. (wikipedia.org)
Its large size and numerous epitopes generate a substantial immune response, and abundance of lysine residues for coupling haptens allows a high hapten:carrier protein ratio, increasing the likelihood of generating hapten-specific antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
The C(Npys) group will react selectively with the free thiol group of any other proteins or antibodies containing a free cysteine. (lifetein.com)
The expressed protein in Escherichia coli was used to generate polyclonal antibodies. (hindawi.com)
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. (abcam.com)

Alignment of the amino acid sequence of aprotinin with the Kunitz domains of human proteins allowed the identification and design of a family of peptides, named Angiopeps. (aspetjournals.org)
The human GH cDNA encodes a 217 amino acid (aa), and the first 26 aa is a signal peptide. (genscript.com)
GH stimulates both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, and also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues. (genscript.com)
Subsequently, brush border-bound peptidases further hydrolyze peptides to release a mixture of free amino acids and small peptides (2-3 amino acid residues). (medscape.com)
Heat Shock 70kDa Protein (HSP70), also known as Heat Shock 70kDa Protein 1A (HSPA1A), is a 641 amino acid (aa) member of the HSP70 family of molecular chaperones with a predicted molecular weight of 70 kDa. (novusbio.com)
Compared with intact protein, the ingestion of protein hydrolysate accelerates protein digestion and absorption in the gut, increases amino acid availability after passage through the stomach, and tends to increase the incorporation rate of dietary amino acids into skeletal muscle protein [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
CIB2 Human Recombinant fused with a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 207 amino acids (1-187a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 23.8kDa (Molecular weight on SDS-PAGE will appear higher). (lifetein.com)

Twenty-one BF-30 derivatives, termed LBF-1 to LBF-21, were obtained with high purity and accurate molecular weight. (jcancer.org)

The agents such as nucleic acids, therapeutic enzymes, proteins and certain antibiotics cannot cross the cell membrane and, therefore such problems can be overcome by using nano delivery systems. (europa.eu)
The number of different molecular species in protein hydrolysates (observed with MS) can be high due to (1) the production of hydrolysates by chemical hydrolysis and/or enzymes with broad specificity, (2) the presence of partial modification sites, (3) the (original) presence of non-linear structure elements, and (4) the formation of multiple charge states and/or adduct types during analysis. (springer.com)
With four times the vitamin C of oranges, Cloudberry combined with Kojic Acid effectively brighten the skin and stimulate the collagen production, while Glycolic Acid, Fruit Enzymes and warming peptides work to safely break down proteins accumulated on the skin's surface to exfoliate away dead skin cells, allowing the nutrients to penetrate. (a2zinc.net)

This sequence has high homology to the conserved site in rat, mouse, and bovine prion protein. (ecmbio.com)
Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)

The signal peptide consists of 21 amino acids in the N terminus. (insect.org.cn)

The peptide has nine Arginine residues and is modified with an activated cysteine residue C(Npys). (lifetein.com)

Both encode large glycosylated proteins consisting of around 3400 amino acids and a molecular weight of around 390,000 Daltons, excluding the glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
Since the molecular weight of conventional drugs is only a few hundred Daltons, they easily escape from tumours. (europa.eu)
The pancreatic form contains 29 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3485 daltons, the gastric form contains 29 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3500 daltons, and the enteric form, or enteroglucagon, contains a polypeptidic chain, has a high molecular weight, and is biologically and chemically different from other hormones, although it cross-reacts with them. (medscape.com)

The PEGylation of peptides greatly reduced these three constraints and improved their application in living organisms. (kmdbioscience.com)
Consequently, plenty of strategies were developed to increase the therapeutic duration of BF-30 in vivo including enlarging the molecular size via PEGylation to prevent from the rapid renal filtration and enzymatic degradation [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)

The antibody detects a human recombinant Prion protein after phosphorylation by Cdk5/p25 complex. (ecmbio.com)

Here, we develop a biological nanopore sensor for single-molecule detection of proteins and PDIs using the pore-forming toxin YaxAB. (nature.com)
Mrevlishvili and Svintradze (2005a, b) is demonstrated that one example of biological important and molecular self-assembly complex system is the collagen-DNA ordered aggregate which is spontaneously formed in aqueous solution. (scialert.net)
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
The biological functions of Lactobacillus S-layer proteins (Slp:s) are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)

Measured by its ability to inhibit papain cleavage of a fluorogenic peptide substrate Z-FR-AMC (Catalog # ES009 ). (rndsystems.com)
Collagen extraction from tissues such as bone or skin is usually performed under acidic or alkaline conditions and/or heating, which will result in protein denaturation and in non-specific cleavage of peptide bonds. (springer.com)

Finally, free amino acids are taken up by enterocytes through specific Na-linked carrier systems (5 carriers with selective affinities for groups of amino acids are described), whereas dipeptides and tripeptides are translocated into the absorptive epithelial cells by the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), which is a carrier with a broad specificity linked to H entry. (medscape.com)
We demonstrated adhesive and significant pathogen inhibitory efficacies among the swine intestinal L. amylovorus strains studied, pointing to their potential use as probiotic feed supplements, but no independent role could be demonstrated for the major S-layer proteins in adherence to epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)

LifeTein is the world leader in fast peptide synthesis service with lab facility located in New Jersey USA. (lifetein.com)
Though several studies have been carried out on various prodrugs, surprisingly very few reviews on different carriers, which can be used for prodrug synthesis were published to date. (ijpsonline.com)
In this review different types of carriers, which can be used for prodrug synthesis are summarized. (ijpsonline.com)
The objective of this review is to provide the researchers with a compilation of which carriers would be suitable for prodrug synthesis and what would be their benefits. (ijpsonline.com)

Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)

Upon entering the duodenum, the pancreatic proteases (activated by trypsin, secreted by the pancreas as a proenzyme, trypsinogen, which is subsequently activated by the brush border-bound enterokinase) further split them into low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. (medscape.com)
After passage to the duodenum, the hydrolysate peptides will further be exposed to trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas. (springer.com)

The specificity of this reaction is ideal for situations where the cysteine is located away from the desired epitope (e.g. in peptides where a terminal cysteine can be added to either end of the peptide). (wikipedia.org)

The peptide is used as a carrier peptide in conjugation and cell-permeable studies. (lifetein.com)
Produced by in vitro bioreactor culture of hybridoma line followed by Protein A affinity chromatography and conjugation of purified mAb. (antibodiesinc.com)
The carrier-free buffer and high concentration allow for increased conjugation efficiency. (abcam.com)

Since Davies modified bovine serum albumin with PEG in 1977, PEG modification techniques have been widely used in the chemical modification of many proteins and peptides. (kmdbioscience.com)
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)

These peptides, and in particular Angiopep-2, exhibit higher transcytosis capacity and parenchyma accumulation than aprotinin. (aspetjournals.org)
Conversely, it is thought to protect against several neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins (11,12). (novusbio.com)

Finally, at the brush border, peptidases are present that cleave peptides down to small peptides and amino acids, ready for uptake into enterocytes and transport to the blood. (springer.com)

The antibody detects a 220 kDa* protein corresponding to the apparent molecular mass of Plexin-A1 on SDS-PAGE immunoblots of adult mouse brain and Cos-7 cells transfected with mouse Plexin-A1. (phosphosolutions.com)

For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. (lifetein.com)

A unique feature of delayed hypersensitivity is that T lymphocytes are mostly involved in the antihapten response, while in most experimentally induced hapten-carrier responses the hapten is recognized by B lymphocytes. (brainkart.com)

Second-tier imaging with molecular methods, preferably with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) (or single-photon emission CT [SPECT] if PET is unavailable), can provide greater diagnostic specificity. (medscape.com)

Detects a band of approximately 18 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 14 kDa). (abcam.com)

Abnormal production of these bioactive peptides can lead to significant systemic toxic consequences and to the promotion of further tumor growth. (medscape.com)

Here, we synthesize an electrically charged cationic formulation of IGF-1 by using a short-length arginine-rich, hydrophilic cationic peptide carrier (CPC) with a net charge of +14, designed for rapid and high uptake and retention in both healthy and arthritic cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
Spontaneous sensitization to drugs, chemicals, or metals is believed to involve dif-fusion of the haptenic substance into the dermis mostly through the sweat glands (hy-drophobic substances appear to penetrate the skin more easily than hydrophilic sub-stances) and once in the dermis, the haptenic groups will react spontaneously with "carrier" proteins. (brainkart.com)

The predicted molecular weight and the isoelectric point of the encoded protein are 14.74 kD and 4.41, respectively. (insect.org.cn)

Behavioral adjustments and IgG deposition in the mind have already been reported in mouse (13) and rat (14) versions pursuing administration of serum from pets immunized with heat-killed GAS (HK-GAS) or immunization with bacterial proteins extracts. (onlycoloncancer.com)
In contrast to expectations, none of the major S-layer proteins of the IPEC-1 -adhering strains mediated bacterial adherence. (biomedcentral.com)
They are composed of numerous identical (glyco)protein subunits (with a 25-71 kDa size in lactobacilli), which form a regular, symmetric and porous array, completely covering the bacterial cell surface. (biomedcentral.com)
In a facility that manufactures flavorings, modified dairy products and bacterial additives, NIOSH (2007) reported mean, full-shift time-weighted average (TWA) acetaldehyde air concentrations of 0.14 ppm in the powder production room, 0.07 ppm in the liquid production room, and 0.07 ppm in the pre-production corridor. (who.int)

From the chemical standpoint, the hapten is a low molecular weight chemical agent, that must bind to a large carrier protein to create a conjugate (Figure 1), before being detected by the immune system and eliciting an immunological response. (biomedres.us)

The present study demonstrated the one example of biologically important and molecular self-assembly system is a collagen-DNA ordered aggregates which spontaneously forms in aqueous solution. (scialert.net)
From a molecular biology point of view this nano-scale self-assembling superstructure could increase the stability of DNA against the nucleases during collagen diseases and the growth of collagen fibrils in the presence of DNA. (scialert.net)
In this paper is demonstrated that one example of the biologically important and molecular self-assembling complex system is a collagen-DNA ordered aggregates spontaneously formed in aqueous solutions. (scialert.net)
According to molecular biology data, the assembly of the complex between collagen and DNA determines the stability of DNA against the nucleases and indicates a development of autoimmune reaction (Poverenny, 1968). (scialert.net)
Accordingly it is very important study the principles of organization of the molecular complex between collagen and DNA. (scialert.net)
According to the molecular model (Mrevlishvili and Svintradze, 2005b) DNA containing well-arranged phosphate groups helps to make this complex and these groups and water layers play key roles during collagen-DNA ordered aggregation in aqueous solution. (scialert.net)
In the present study, four different collagen hydrolysates were tested, varying in the average molecular weight and the animal source. (springer.com)
After having defined and performed a limited targeted analysis, it was found that, in our experimental setup, Hyp-Gly and especially Pro-Hyp contributed significantly as carrier to the total Hyp increase in blood after ingestion of collagen hydrolysate. (springer.com)
Collagen is another frequently used protein source for hydrolysates. (springer.com)
Therefore, after these typical treatments to obtain collagen hydrolysate, peptides with varying lengths and varying C- and N-terminal amino acids are formed. (springer.com)

Carbohydrate, fat, or protein malabsorption is caused by a disorder in the intestinal processes of digestion, transport, or both of these nutrients across the intestinal mucosa into the systemic circulation. (medscape.com)
The end product of protein digestion is a complex mixture of primarily dipeptides and tripeptides, along with individual amino acids [ 14 ]. (springer.com)

In this study, the sp2 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli to produce a 6xHis-tagged fusion protein, which was then used to generate a polyclonal antibody. (hindawi.com)

The devices and kits include one or more associators specific for molecular targets, such as microRNAs and proteins and peptide fragments thereof. (justia.com)
Moreover, the role of the L. amylovorus surface (S) -layers - symmetric, porous arrays of identical protein subunits present as the outermost layer of the cell envelope - in adherence to IPEC-1 cells was assessed using a novel approach which utilized purified cell wall fragments of the strains as carriers for the recombinantly produced S-layer proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Experimental sensi-tization through the skin is relatively easy to induce by percutaneous application of low molecular weight substances such as picric acid or dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). (brainkart.com)

Unregulated production (overproduction) of peptide hormones and growth factors, which are not normally expressed in the tissue of origin, is characteristic of neuroendocrine tumors. (medscape.com)

The rapidly growing interest in therapeutic vaccines (i.e. active immunotherapies) for cancer and the documented efficacy of KLH as a superior carrier protein for cancer vaccines are creating a significant biopharmaceutical market for KLH formulations. (wikipedia.org)
The therapeutic efficacy of drugs is mediated by physical interaction with their cognate targets (mainly proteins). (nature.com)

High temperature shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was immobilized on aminopropyl silica via the N-terminus to make the Hsp90(NT)-column or C-terminus to make the Hsp90(CT)-column. (gasyblog.com)
The long funnel-shaped structure and nanofluidic characteristics of the YaxAB nanopore enable the electro-osmotic trapping of diverse folded proteins and high-resolution monitoring of PDIs. (nature.com)

By controlling access to the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of proteins and potential drugs to cerebral tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
The information obtained within these methods will lead to better understanding of formulations, designed for peptide, DNA and anti-cancer drugs delivery. (europa.eu)
Around 10 % of marketed medicines can be categorized as prodrugs currently, and also that during 2008, 33 % of approved small molecular weight drugs were prodrugs [ 5 - 7 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Carrier-linked prodrugs are for drugs with major drawbacks, which are linked to a nontoxic carrier or promoiety through covalent linkage to change or get rid of their undesirable physicochemical properties. (ijpsonline.com)
Using this YaxAB nanopore, we demonstrate label-free, single-molecule detection of interactions between the anticancer Bcl-xL protein and small-molecule drugs as well as the Bak-BH3 peptide. (nature.com)
This work will lay a foundation for the development and utilization of protein drugs from economically important insects for treatment of vascular diseases. (hindawi.com)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a widely expressed G protein-coupled receptor required for development, hematopoiesis, organogenesis, and vascularization. (phosphosolutions.com)
It is firstly activated into 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and then binds to its dimer-receptor composed of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle protein (USP) to initiate 20E-induced cascade reaction. (insect.org.cn)

Porosity, binding affinity, size exclusion abilities, filtration abilities, concentration abilities and signal amplification abilities of a Molecular Net may be varied and depend on the nature of components used in its fabrication. (justia.com)

KLH is the most widely employed carrier protein for this purpose. (wikipedia.org)
As one such antiapoptotic component in silkworm hemolymph, the 30 K protein has been studied widely [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Justia Patents Chemistry: Analytical And Immunological Testing Patents Involving An Insoluble Carrier For Immobilizing Immunochemicals Patents Carrier Is Organic Patents Polysaccharide, Carrier (e.g. (justia.com)

We demonstrate here the transcytosis ability of aprotinin and peptides derived from Kunitz domains using an in vitro model of the BBB and in situ brain perfusion. (aspetjournals.org)
The subunits are held together and connected to the underlying cell surface by non-covalent interactions, and they spontaneously reassemble in vitro by an entropy-driven process, i.e. the subunit proteins are very poorly water-soluble [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The application of peptides as biosimilars-lead-compounds in vivo is limited to a certain extent, mainly reflected in the filtration of the glomerulus, hydrolysis and destruction of protease in vivo and antigenic reactions caused by peptides in vivo. (kmdbioscience.com)

However, if either of these processes proceeds too slowly or fails, HSP70/HSPA1A can interact with the HSP40 co-chaperone protein and the CHIP/STUB1 Ubiquitin ligase (E3) to promote ubiquitination and degradation of the nascent polypeptide or denatured protein (3,4). (novusbio.com)

It is believed that these compounds couple spontaneously to an endogenous carrier protein, and as a result of this coupling the small molecule will act as a hapten, while the endogenous protein will play the role of a carrier. (brainkart.com)
Water 2H and 17O spin relaxation is used to study water dynamics in the hydration layers of two small peptides, two globular proteins and in living cells of two microorganisms. (lu.se)
This distribution comprises a small fraction of protein-specific hydration sites, where water rotation is strongly retarded, and a dominant fraction of generic hydration sites, where water rotation is as fast as in the hydration shells of small peptides. (lu.se)

For subjects suffering from reduced absorptive capacity, it can be an option to consume protein in hydrolyzed form to facilitate the uptake of essential amino acids [ 1 ]. (springer.com)

Glucose and galactose share the same carrier, SGLT-1, which transports one molecule of the monosaccharide and one molecule of sodium (Na) in a secondarily active transport, energized by Na-activated and potassium (k)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaK ATPase). (medscape.com)
Usually DNA remains as a giant molecule packed in the cells nucleus and is composed of proteins in the chromatin fibers. (scialert.net)
Also disclosed herein is a Molecular Net comprising covalently-linked multilayered three-dimensional matrix comprising more than one type of capture molecule and more than one type of linker and may comprise one or more spacer for specific and sensitive capture of more than one type of analyte from a sample. (justia.com)

This antibody was affinity purified using phospho-Prion Protein (Ser-43) peptide (without carrier). (ecmbio.com)

HSP70/HSPA1A promotes the proper folding of nascent polypeptides and assists in the refolding of denatured proteins (2). (novusbio.com)

These diseases involve conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) into a form that is insoluble and resistant to proteases (PrPSc). (ecmbio.com)

Prion Protein (Ser-43) antibody was generated from a phospho-peptide that included amino acids surrounding Serine 43 in human prion protein. (ecmbio.com)
Recombinant red sea bream (Pagrus auratus) IGF-I is identical to [Gly1] gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) IGF-I and [Gly1] black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) IGF-I, as glycine replaces the serine at position 1 in these proteins. (ibtsystems.de)

There are two keyhole limpet hemocyanin genes, termed KLH1 and KLH2 which share around 60% identity at the protein level. (wikipedia.org)

DAMPs, damage-associated tissues and the molecular target structures and pathways. (cdc.gov)

At the molecular level, most of biology happens at interfaces where water makes contact with macromolecules or molecular aggregates. (lu.se)

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