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MethylationHistonesDNA MethylationCytosineHistone-Lysine N-MethyltransferaseDNA-Cytosine Methylases5-MethylcytosineDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferaseEpigenesis, GeneticSulfitesCpG IslandsProtein MethyltransferasesPeptidesHistone DemethylasesLysineBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataMethyltransferasesHistone DeacetylasesJumonji Domain-Containing Histone DemethylasesPromoter Regions, GeneticGene SilencingChromatinAcetylationDNAAzacitidineAmino Acid SequenceUracilEpigenomicsDinucleoside PhosphatesHistone Deacetylase InhibitorsTranscription, GeneticChromatin ImmunoprecipitationHeterochromatinDeoxyribonuclease HpaIIBinding SitesMutationOxidoreductases, N-DemethylatingHistone AcetyltransferasesPolycomb Repressive Complex 2Genomic ImprintingCytosine DeaminaseDNA-Binding ProteinsPentoxylProtein-Arginine N-MethyltransferasesSubstrate SpecificityCell LineProtein BindingEscherichia coliChromatin Assembly and DisassemblyRepressor ProteinsHistone CodeEuchromatinDNA Modification MethylasesAdenineProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalPeptide FragmentsProtein Structure, TertiaryNuclear ProteinsHydroxamic AcidsNucleosomesKineticsNucleic Acid ConformationPolymerase Chain ReactionTranscription FactorsGuanineGene Expression RegulationModels, MolecularCell Line, TumorPolycomb-Group ProteinsOligodeoxyribonucleotidesChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneS-AdenosylmethionineNucleic Acid DenaturationRetinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2Cloning, MolecularEpigenetic RepressionLong Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHydroxylaminesHistone Deacetylase 1Peptide LibraryRNA, MessengerHeLa CellsProtein ConformationReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsDNA PrimersSequence Homology, Amino AcidArabidopsisSequence Analysis, DNACells, CulturedGenome, HumanSaccharomyces cerevisiaeBase CompositionDNA, BacterialMutagenesis, Site-DirectedArginineOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisArabidopsis Proteins

ChromatinAcetylationEpigeneticDeacetylaseProteinsNovo DNA methylationEnzymesHeterochromatinEukaryotesCharacterizationMethyltransferaseReplicationProteolysisModificationsProteinLysineDegradationGeneNucleosomeFungusContrastDNMT1EukaryoticGenomeActivitySitesSpecificDataSmallBreastProcess

Chromatin9

• Furthermore, contextual associations of the prokaryotic MORCs and their relatives suggest that their eukaryotic counterparts are likely to carry out chromatin remodeling by DNA superstructure manipulation in response to epigenetic signals such as histone and DNA methylation. (beds.ac.uk)
• Consistent with a chromatin-associated role, the MORCs display fusions to several DNA- and peptide-binding domains, which are commonly found other eukaryotic chromatin proteins [ 5 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
• We hypothesize that CDCA7 becomes dispensable in species that lost HELLS or DNA methylation, and/or the loss of CDCA7 triggers the replacement of DNA methylation by other chromatin regulation mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
• The effects of DNA methylation and the histone code are due, at least in part, to modification-specific recruitment of factors, such as heterochromatin-associated proteins (HP1) and methyl-binding domain proteins, which establish and maintain higher order of chromatin structure. (aacrjournals.org)
• Epigenetics of a tandem DNA repeat: chromatin DNaseI sensitivity and opposite methylation changes in cancers. (shengsci.com)
• DNA methylation and chromatin DNaseI sensitivity were analyzed in and adjacent to D4Z4 repeat arrays, which consist of 1 to approximately 100 tandem 3.3-kb units at subtelomeric 4q and 10q. (shengsci.com)
• A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)
• Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
• It also associates with CHROMATIN during G2 PHASE and MITOSIS to maintain DNA methylation independently of replication. (bvsalud.org)

Acetylation2

• The code is an array of post-translational modifications (acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation) of NH 2 -terminal tails of core histone and to a lesser degree their globular domains. (aacrjournals.org)
• In contrast, acetylation of histones H3 and H4 increased. (biomedcentral.com)

Epigenetic5

• Could the emergence or loss of a specific nucleosome regulator affect the evolution of DNA methylation as an epigenetic mechanism? (elifesciences.org)
• Central to the epigenetic control of gene expression is the histone code through which input signals can be translated into a heritable pattern of gene expression defining cellular output states ( Fig. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• His fields of research comprise RNA-mediated gene silencing processes with a focus on epigenetic phenomena, including studies on RNA-directed DNA methylation, the characterization of virus silencing suppressor proteins, the development of plant bioreactor platforms and viroid research. (degruyter.com)
• DNMT1 methylates CpG residues, with a preference for hemimethylated DNA, and associates with DNA replication sites in S PHASE to maintain the methylation pattern in the newly synthesized strand, which is essential for EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. (bvsalud.org)
• These epigenetic mechanisms are mediated by chemical modifications of DNA, proteins (most commonly histones), and RNA. (activemotif.com.cn)

Deacetylase3

• DNMT1 also cooperates with Rb to repress transcription from promoters containing E2F-binding sites indicating a link between DNA methylation, histone deacetylase and sequence-specific DNA binding activity, as well as a growth-regulatory pathway which is abnormal in nearly all cancer cells. (epigentek.com)
• We show that NST-1 is an H4-specific histone deacetylase. (biomedcentral.com)
• It is found as a subunit of protein complexes that are in involved in the enzymatic modification of histones including the Mi2 and Sin3 histone deacetylase complexes and the polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)

Proteins1

• and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)

Novo DNA methylation1

• Our studies also reveal silencing functions for DIM-5 and HP1 that appear independent of their role in de novo DNA methylation. (biomedcentral.com)

Enzymes1

• Enzymes that catalyze acyl group transfer from ACETYL-CoA to HISTONES forming CoA and acetyl-histones. (lookformedical.com)

Heterochromatin2

• In mammalian cells, histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9) methylation and histone hypoacetylation are usually associated with methylated DNA, heterochromatin, and gene silencing. (aacrjournals.org)
• dim-5 , which encodes a histone H3 K9 methyltransferase and hpo , which encodes heterochromatin protein-1. (biomedcentral.com)

Eukaryotes3

• The results suggest that the roles for the two factors in DNA methylation maintenance pathways can be traced back to the last eukaryotic common ancestor and that the CDC7A-HELLS-DNMT axis shaped the evolutionary retention of DNA methylation in eukaryotes. (elifesciences.org)
• DNA methylation, particularly 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at CpG sequences, is widely conserved in eukaryotes. (elifesciences.org)
• In eukaryotes, DNA methylation refers to the addition of a methyl group to the fifth atom in the six-atom ring of cytosine residues. (degruyter.com)

Characterization2

• Characterization of histone modifications at subtelomeric regions revealed H3 trimethyl-K9, H3 trimethyl-K27, and H4 trimethyl-K20 enrichment. (biomedcentral.com)
• MS-based experiments have often represented to be invaluable tools for the assessment of the cleavage sites, but the reported MS-spectra always show a partial coverage of all the peptide fragments generated by the enzyme interaction, lacking a complete characterization. (cnr.it)

Methyltransferase3

• Mutations in HELLS, its activator CDCA7, and the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B, cause immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, a genetic disorder associated with the loss of DNA methylation. (elifesciences.org)
• ADCADN antibody, AIM antibody, CXXC finger protein 9 antibody, CXXC-type zinc finger protein 9 antibody, CXXC9 antibody, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 antibody, DNA methyltransferase 1 antibody, DNA methyltransferase HsaI antibody, DNA methyltransferase M.HsaI. (epigentek.com)
• A DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase that contains a central CxxC type zinc finger motif. (bvsalud.org)

Replication2

• Maintenance DNMTs (directly or indirectly) recognize hemimethylated CpGs and restore symmetric methylation at these sites to prevent the passive loss of 5mC upon DNA replication. (elifesciences.org)
• In animals, 5mC is maintained during DNA replication by DNMT1 together with UHRF1, which directly recognizes hemimethylated cytosine via the SRA domain and stimulates activity of DNMT1 in a manner dependent on its ubiquitin-ligase activity ( Nishiyama and Nakanishi, 2021 ). (elifesciences.org)

Proteolysis1

• The antihypertensive peptides, Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro, were successfully detected in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats after orally administering these peptides by a guanidine-thiocyanate treatment to prevent proteolysis. (go.jp)

Modifications1

• Cross-talk between different histone modifications, as well as DNA methylation, seems complex. (aacrjournals.org)

Protein3

• A histone chaperone protein that plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized DNA. (lookformedical.com)
• A retinoblastoma-binding protein that has an affinity for core HISTONES. (lookformedical.com)
• DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)

Lysine4

• This S5 domain usually provides a conserved basic residue, which might function similar to the arginine or lysine finger observed in various phosphohydrolase reactions [ 6 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
• We demonstrate the presence of telomeric silencing in Neurospora and show a dependence on histone deacetylases and methylation of histone H3 lysine 9. (biomedcentral.com)
• The fission yeast S. pombe lacks Sir3p and Sir4p but employs methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (K9) plus a Sir2p homologue (Sir2) for silencing [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each. (lookformedical.com)

Degradation1

• The recruitment of this machinery results in the production of viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) that mediate RNA degradation and DNA methylation of cognate sequences. (degruyter.com)

Gene3

• Histone hyperacetylation and H3K4 methylation are associated with unmethylated DNA, euchromatin, and gene expression ( Fig. 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• DNA Methylation at cytosine residues has a role in regulation of gene expression, genomic imprinting and is vital for mammalian growth. (epigentek.com)
• This project will focus on developing regulatory network inference methods for the joint analysis of gene expression and histone modification data from several different types of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, which are gathered from a cohort of patients with solid tumors. (ucsd.edu)

Nucleosome2

• This important manuscript reveals signatures of co-evolution of two nucleosome remodeling factors, Lsh/HELLS and CDCA7, which are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic DNA methylation. (elifesciences.org)
• A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA. (lookformedical.com)

Fungus1

• We initiated a study of telomeric silencing in Neurospora crassa , a fungus that sports DNA methylation, unlike most other organisms in which telomeric silencing has been characterized. (biomedcentral.com)

Contrast1

• Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. (lookformedical.com)

DNMT11

• La DNMT1 metila residuos CpG, con preferencia por el ADN hemimetilado y se asocia a los sitios de replicación del ADN en la FASE S para mantener el patrón de metilación en la hebra recién fabricada, lo que resulta esencial en los PROCESOS EPIGENÉTICOS. (bvsalud.org)

Eukaryotic1

• Our study suggests that a unique specialized role of CDCA7 in HELLS-dependent DNA methylation maintenance is broadly inherited from the last eukaryotic common ancestor. (elifesciences.org)

Genome1

• CSL is an download Your Brain on Latino Comics: From Gus Arriola to Los Bros Hernandez of a possible DNA-binding histone cause that releases kinase of invalid genome interests in one decision, but hormone of the Canadian developments in another endocytosis. (evakoch.com)

Activity1

• The accumulation of both peptides in the endothelial cells suggested in vivo inhibitory activity of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme. (go.jp)

Sites1

• In this scenario, although the cleavage sites involved in the interaction of insulin with IDE are known, a convenient experimental method that is able to identify in a complete and unambiguous way, all the peptide fragments generated by such interaction has yet to be found. (cnr.it)

Specific2

• EDN3 promoter methylation was analysed by methylation-specific PCR in breast cell lines (n = 6) before and after demethylating treatment, normal breast tissues (n = 17) and primary breast carcinomas (n = 128). (biomedcentral.com)
• The Sustainable Building Design and Construction threonine has an Mitogen-activated, alveolar step that contains effects at the conversion of the activation of a phosphorylated specific residue. (evakoch.com)

Data1

• EDN3 expression and methylation data were statistically correlated with clinical patient characteristics and patient outcome. (biomedcentral.com)

Small1

• They constitute a family of small, vasoactive, 21-amino acid peptides referred to as EDN1, EDN2 and EDN3 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Breast1

• Furthermore, EDN3 promoter hypermethylation was detected in 70% of primary breast carcinomas with significant association to loss of EDN3 mRNA expression ( P = 0.005), whilst normal matched breast tissues revealed no EDN3 promoter methylation. (biomedcentral.com)

Process1

• it remains unclear if there is any common process or event that leads to the loss of DNA methylation systems in certain evolutionary lineages. (elifesciences.org)