Peptide elongation factor 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

This protein is completely inactivated by EF-2 kinase phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleotide-bound structure of a functional construct of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase. (expasy.org)
ADP enhances the allosteric activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase by calmodulin. (expasy.org)
Recent evidence links synaptic plasticity and mRNA translation, via the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) and its only known substrate, eEF2. (nature.com)
The pathways that control protein translation were investigated by immunoblotting explant lysates for PKR, PERK (PKR like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), eIF2a (eukaryotic initiation factor 2a), eEFs (eukaryotic elongation factors), and AMP-dependent kinase. (ox.ac.uk)
Explants were also loaded in the presence of inhibitors of PKR, the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and PI3 kinase. (ox.ac.uk)
Methods: To unravel the mechanism of action of ketamine, we treated wild-type C57BL/6 mice with calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) specific inhibitor tatCN21 peptide. (haifa.ac.il)
We also used eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) (also known as CaMKIII) knockout mice. (haifa.ac.il)
d ) Validation of the yeast mRNA interactome using western blotting of input samples and eluate after interactome capture with specific antibodies (ADH1, alcohol dehydrogenase 1, PUB1) or against TAP-tagged proteins (PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, TDH1, triose phosphate dehydrogenase, TRX2, thioredoxine 2, SHE2, Swi5p-dependent HO Expression 2). (nature.com)

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
it directly interacts with the elongation factor, eEF2, to reduce eEF2/ribosome-activated GTP hydrolysis in vitro and inhibit peptide elongation of CPEB2-bound RNA in vivo. (nih.gov)
A key element regulating the elongation phase is the eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF2) pathway [ 8 ]. (nature.com)
However, we recently found that the eEF2 (elongation) pathway is affected by dopamine D1 receptor activation in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner [ 22 ]. (nature.com)
Analysis of senescence-responsive stress fiber proteome reveals reorganization of stress fibers mediated by elongation factor eEF2 in HFF-1 cells. (nih.gov)
Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 (eEF2) is a Potential Biomarker of Prostate Cancer. (nih.gov)

Development of pre-implantation porcine embryos cultured within a three-dimensional alginate hydrogel system either conjugated with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide or supplemented with secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) [abstract]. (usda.gov)

15(2)2023 01 30. (bvsalud.org)

Additional regulatory proteins are often required to induce the conformational changes that occur during this cycle: guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which catalyze release of bound GDP and promote its replacement by GTP, and GTPase-activating proteins, which accelerate GTP hydrolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
The superfamily of G proteins includes three main classes: Ras-like GTPases, G α subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and the translation elongation factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Detailed biochemical analysis has implicated a new actin-capping protein and has shown that one of the cross-linking proteins is Elongation Factor 1a, suggesting a link between chemotaxis and growth control. (elsevierpure.com)
Isotype or positive controls by peptides, antibodies and deactivated samples.Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (homeodomains.com)
Our method allows for the identification of the proteins, identification of redox-sensitive cysteines within proteins, and quantification of the redox status of individual cysteine-containing peptides. (hindawi.com)
By modulating the function of translation initiation and elongation factors, amino acids regulate the translation of mRNA on a global scale and also act to cause preferential changes in the translation of mRNAs encoding particular proteins or families of proteins. (psu.edu)

Based on yeast genetic studies, we identify the mitochondrial translation factor MEF2 as a mediator of atorvastatin toxicity. (prolekarniky.cz)

The EF-P homologs in archaea and eukaryotes are the initiation factors aIF5A and eIF5A, respectively. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Of special interest are the translation initiation factors eIF2, a GTPase that binds methionyl-tRNA to the ribosome, and eIF5B, a second GTPase that catalyzes ribosomal subunit joining in the final step of translation initiation. (nih.gov)

It is the archaeal and eukaryotic counterpart of bacterial EF-G. This gene encodes a member of the GTP-binding translation elongation factor family. (wikipedia.org)
Animal mitochondria are quite unusual in that they contain a single gene for tRNAMet, which functions in both polypeptide chain initiation and chain elongation. (ncsu.edu)
2. Use gene prediction software under assumption of standard coding and recoding. (scienceintheclassroom.org)
This gene encodes a member of the GTP-binding translation elongation factor family. (nih.gov)
NFKB 105 subunit for example is a polypetide gene enhancer of genes in B cells.Peptides short amino acid chains or epitopes or blocking antagonists. (homeodomains.com)
The High-efficiency solid phase peptide synthesis (HE-SPPS) is give very low production costs.The activation of transcription factor subunits is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerases. (homeodomains.com)
We are also examining the role of the hypusine modification on eIF5A and the role of this factor in gene-specific translational control mechanisms. (nih.gov)
The human ortholog of MEF2 is the Elongation Factor Gene (EF-G) 2, which has previously been shown to play a specific role in mitochondrial ribosome recycling. (prolekarniky.cz)
Recently a mutation in a novel gene, believed to be a member of the class of mitochondrial peptide release factors, was identified in patients exhibiting symptoms of Leigh syndrome [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)

Substitution of Arg for Gly(701) in yeast EF-2 conferred complete resistance to DT in vivo and in vitro. (nih.gov)
As a proof of principle, we applied this technique to yeast alcohol dehydrogenase-1 exposed in vitro to H 2 O 2 and also in vivo to the complex proteome of the Gram-negative bacterium Bacillus subtilis . (hindawi.com)

Recently developed unbiased high content techniques to identify RBPs in vivo yielded information on differences in cell type-specific expression and/or RNA-binding activity of RBPs in mammalian cells 2 , 3 . (nature.com)

Eucaryotic elongation factor 2 (EF-2) contains a post-translationally modified histidine residue termed diphthamide that is specifically ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin (DT) or Pseudomonas exotoxin A. To analyze the potential physiological role of ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 by cellular ADP-ribosyl transferase, we constructed DT-resistant, non-ADP-ribosylatable Saccharomyces cerevisiae EF-2 by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed the mutant EF-2 in yeast. (nih.gov)

2: 95-102Crossref Scopus (8) Google Scholar) except that 20 mm Hepes-KOH, pH 7, and the indicated amounts of EF-Tumt were used. (ncsu.edu)

The role of this modification in (hmtRNAMetCAU) for the decoding of AUA, as well as AUG, in both the peptidyl- and aminoacyl-sites of the ribosome in either chain initiation or chain elongation is still unknown. (ncsu.edu)

TU and T4 treatments demonstrate that SseEF1A4 is up-regulated by THs, suggesting a role in the translational regulation of the factors involved in the dramatic changes that occurs during Senegalese sole metamorphosis. (biomedcentral.com)
A Disease-causing Point Mutation in Human Mitochondrial tRNA(Met) Results in tRNA Misfolding Leading to Defects in Translational Initiation and Elongation. (ncsu.edu)
The hmtRNAMet serves both in translational initiation and elongation in human mitochondria making this tRNA of particular interest in mitochondrial protein synthesis. (ncsu.edu)
In addition, Met-tRNAMet must interact with elongation factor EF-Tumt and bind to the A-site of the ribosome during translational elongation. (ncsu.edu)
The modification contributes to the tRNA's anticodon domain structure, thermodynamic properties and its ability to bind codons AUA and AUG in translational initiation and elongation. (ncsu.edu)
Since the discovery of the genetic code and protein translation mechanisms ( 1 ), a limited number of variations of the standard assignment between unique base triplets (codons) and their encoded amino acids and translational stop signals have been found in bacteria and phages ( 2 - 7 ). (scienceintheclassroom.org)
Using quantitative tRNA modification analysis, we determined that trm9Δ cells are only deficient in 2 of 23 tRNA modifications, with those 2, 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine (mcm ( 5) U) and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm ( 5) s ( 2) U), classified as key determinants of translational fidelity. (nih.gov)
We also show that in the absence of mcm ( 5) U and mcm ( 5) s ( 2) U, the resulting translational infidelity promotes protein errors and activation of unfolded protein and heat shock responses. (nih.gov)

The L16 ribosomal protein of the 50S or its N-terminal fragment are required for EF-P mediated peptide bond synthesis, whereas L11, L15, and L7/L12 are not required in this reaction, suggesting that EF-P may function at a different ribosomal site than most other translation factors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The first step of protein synthesis is binding of the initiator Met-tRNA to the small ribosomal subunit by the factor eIF2, which is composed of three subunits. (nih.gov)

The other two elongation factors, SseEF1A3 and SseEF1A4 , represent novel genes that are mainly expressed in gills and skin. (biomedcentral.com)
Time-dependent changes in the levels of transcripts of … nerve growth factor (NGF) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genes were monitored by RT-PCR. (iospress.com)

This protein is an essential factor for protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Aminoacylation is an early step required for the tRNA to be used in either the elongation or initiation phase of protein synthesis and is thus of central importance for protein synthesis in mitochondria. (ncsu.edu)

Ricin is a potent (type 2) ribosome-inactivating protein toxin produced in the seeds of the castor bean plant Ricinus communis . (mdpi.com)
Elongation factor P (EF-P) stimulates the peptidyltransferase activity in the prokaryotic 70S ribosome. (embl-heidelberg.de)
We are characterizing eIF2gamma mutations that are associated with a novel X-linked intellectual disability syndrome, and we are investigating the function of the translation factor eIF5A with a focus on its ability to stimulate the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome and facilitate the reactivity of poor substrates such as proline. (nih.gov)

These analogs belong to a group of 2-(quinolin-4-yl)amino benzamides or 2-(quinolin-4-yl)amino benzoate derivatives. (bvsalud.org)
The inhibition of eIF2B impairs general translation, slowing the growth of yeast cells and, paradoxically, enhancing the translation of the GCN4 mRNA (GCN4 is a transcription factor) required for yeast cells to grow under amino-acid starvation conditions. (nih.gov)
However, amino acids do not directly regulate the function of translation initiation and elongation factors, but instead modulate signaling through pathways traditionally considered to be solely involved in mediating the action of hormones. (psu.edu)

One unit allows the stimulation of 2,5 x 10 8 cells. (peptides.de)
However, when only non-ribosylatable EF-2 was expressed in cells using genetic manipulation, the mutated EF-2 did not affect vegetative cell growth, mating, sporulation and germination of ascospores. (nih.gov)
The inactivation of EF-2 by toxins inhibits protein production in the host, causing symptoms due to loss of function in affected cells. (wikipedia.org)
CPEB-2 is an RNA-binding protein that is abundantly expressed in testis and localized in cytoplasm in transfected HeLa cells. (nih.gov)
The protein sample was dialyzed against 2 volumes of 500 ml of dialysis buffer (50 mm Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 50 mm KCl, 2.5 mm MgCl2, 0.1 mm EDTA, 10% glycerol and 7 mm ;ME) for 1 h.Cells carrying a plasmid encoding the His6-tagged human mitochondrial MetRS were grown as described (23Spencer A.C. Heck A.H. Takeuchi N. Watanabe K. Spremulli L.L. Biochemistry. (ncsu.edu)
NGF peptide levels retained in the crushed nerves of rats 5 days after surgery and in the culture medium of IMS32 cells, a mouse Schwann cell line, incubated for 24 h with high or low doses of MS-818, were measured by enzyme immunoassay. (iospress.com)
Furthermore, a recent study showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genome of human cells. (freedomontario26.ca)
Bernegger S, Vidmar R, Fonovic M, Posselt G, Turk B, Wessler S . Identification of Desmoglein-2 as a novel target of Helicobacter pylori HtrA in epithelial cells. (plus.ac.at)
We use molecular-genetic and biochemical studies in yeast and human cells to dissect the structure-function properties of translation factors. (nih.gov)

In the brain, mRNA translation is a critical cellular mechanism, providing tailored responses to the different demands of general homeostasis and synaptic plasticity, and is regulated in both its initiation and elongation phases [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
We also adapted the mRNA interactome capture protocol to yeast (see Methods and Supplementary Fig. 1 ) using PAR-CL at 0.72 or 7.2 J cm −2 (ref. 8 ) with 4-thio-uracil. (nature.com)
Specifically, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 developed by Pfizer and BioNTech has been evaluated in successful clinical trials [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] and administered in national COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in different regions around the world [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] . (freedomontario26.ca)

BNT162b2 is a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine (modRNA) and encodes the full-length of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, modified by two proline mutations to ensure antigenically optimal pre-fusion conformation, which mimics the intact virus to elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies [3]. (freedomontario26.ca)
10 ] found that L. infantum elongation factor-1 beta protein and its recombinant version both offered high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of anti- Leishmania antibodies in asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs. (biomedcentral.com)
Peptide hormone antibodies. (cas.cz)

EF-P interacts with domains 2 and 5 of the 23S rRNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) is one of the four subunits composing eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1. (biomedcentral.com)
The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha, currently termed eEF1A, is a member of the G protein family, and one of the four subunits that compose the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The gamma subunit of eIF2 is a GTPase that resembles the bacterial translation elongation factor EF-Tu. (nih.gov)

Phosphorylation of eIF2alpha converts eIF2 from a substrate to an inhibitor of its guanine-nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B. (nih.gov)

Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (homeodomains.com)

In the context of a pseudoknot-stalled complex, the translocase EF-2 is seen to compress a hybrid-state tRNA into a strained conformation. (ox.ac.uk)
We propose that this strain energy helps overcome the kinetic barrier to translocation and drives tRNA into the P-site, with EF-2 biasing this relaxation in one direction. (ox.ac.uk)
The tRNA can thus be considered a molecular spring and EF-2 a Brownian ratchet in a "spring-and-ratchet" system within the translocation process. (ox.ac.uk)
Functional recognition of the modified human tRNA(UUU)(Lys3) anticodon domain by HIV's nucleocapsid protein and a peptide mimic. (ncsu.edu)
The small fraction of hmtRNAMet that can be aminoacylated is not formylated by the mitochondrial Met-tRNA transformylase preventing its function in initiation, and it is unable to form a stable ternary complex with elongation factor EF-Tu preventing any participation in chain elongation. (ncsu.edu)

Therefore, the presence of S. mutans in individuals with low caries experiences could be explained by differences in bacterial virulence factors or endogenous factors within the host populations. (bvsalud.org)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020, and it emerged as a devasting health crisis. (freedomontario26.ca)

till polypeptides that are long, continuous, and unbranched synthetic peptide chains. (homeodomains.com)

Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is increased during this time and contains an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequence that has been shown to bind to cell surface integrins on the uterine endometrium and trophectoderm promoting cell adhesion and migration. (usda.gov)

Diarrheagenic strains of E. coli can be classified into 5 key "pathotypes," each of which has unique virulence factors Virulence factors Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. (lecturio.com)
Virulence factors Virulence factors Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. (lecturio.com)
Several studies have demonstrated that the colonization and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans is associated with dental caries in humans, since they are influenced by various factors in the oral cavity, such as nutrition and hygiene conditions of the host, salivary components, cleaning power and salivary flow and characteristics related with microbial virulence factors 3 . (bvsalud.org)

Eukaryotic elongation factors 2 promotes tumor cell proliferation and correlates with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. (nih.gov)

5′-32P-GAACCGGACCGAAGCCCG, obtained from the Nucleic Acids Core Facility at University of North Carolina) was added to the 1M7-treated, DMSO-treated, or untreated RNA (2 pmol), and the samples were incubated at 65 °C for 5 min and then at 35 °C for 20 min for primer annealing. (ncsu.edu)
Reversible modification of cysteines such as disulfide bond formation, glutathionylation, and nitrosylation may also be a means of protection from further, generally irreversible, modifications to sulfinic (-SO 2 H) or sulfonic (-SO 3 H) acids [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

These nucleic acid binding domains are predominantly found in elongation factor P, where they adopt an OB-fold, with five beta-strands forming a beta-barrel in a Greek-key topology ( PUBMED:15210970 ). (embl-heidelberg.de)

Functional amyloids play a beneficial role in a variety of physiologic processes (eg, long-term memory formation, gradual release of stored peptide hormones). (medscape.com)

Reaction mixtures (2 ml) were prepared as described above except that 20 ;m [35S]methionine (20,000 cpm/pmol), 0.5 ;m U8, or 8U→C hmtRNAMet, and saturating amounts of human mitochondrial MetRS were used. (ncsu.edu)

Anatomy1

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science4

Kinase9

EEF26

Abstract1

20231

Proteins6

Mitochondrial translation1

Initiation factors2

Gene9

Vitro2

Mammalian cells1

Saccharomyces1

Scopus1

Chain Initiation1

Translational8

Ribosomal2

Genes2

Protein synthesis2

Ribosome3

Amino3

Cells9

MRNA3

Antibodies3

Interacts1

Translation3

Inhibitor1

Subunits1

TRNA5

Bacterial1

20201

Synthetic1

Sequence1

Virulence factors3

Promotes1

Acids2

Nucleic1

Functional1

Human1