• Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
  • APOE binds to cell-surface receptors to deliver lipids and to the hydrophobic amyloid-β peptide, regulating amyloid-β aggregations and clearances in the brain. (dovepress.com)
  • This review will summarize the updated research progress on APOE functions and its role in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, vascular dementia, and ischemic stroke. (dovepress.com)
  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a glycoprotein that is 299 amino acids long. (dovepress.com)
  • 2 In the blood, APOE protein could interact with lipids, resulting in lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). (dovepress.com)
  • 3 In this review, we discuss the biological functions of human APOE and its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), vascular dementia (VD), and ischemic (occlusive) stroke (IS). (dovepress.com)
  • Two genetic variants in strong linkage disequilibrium (rs9536314 and rs9527025) in the Klotho (KL) gene, encoding a transmembrane protein, implicated in longevity and associated with brain resilience during normal aging, were recently shown to be associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) risk in cognitively normal participants who are APOE ε4 carriers. (lu.se)
  • Thank you for your interest in NeuroMab™ Mouse Anti-Apolipoprotein E/APOE Monoclonal Antibody (CBP2519) . (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Specific intracellular pathways regulated by Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a PP2A activator or survivin, an inhibitor of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), can impact human diseases including cancers. (fortuneonline.org)
  • In this study, we have initially observed that anti-tumor Tat-survivin (shepherdin -Tat ), and ApoE mimetics, Cog or Tat-Cog &Cog-Tat, peptides contained cationic sequences that share similar physical characteristics with LL17-32, a short active sequence of the anti-microbial human cathelecidin peptide. (fortuneonline.org)
  • This study highligts two major insights indicating that similarly, to LL37 or LL17-32 cathelecidin sequences, shepherdin -Tat and ApoE mimetic peptides firstly impairs the growth of S. agalactiae NEM 316 dltA strain, and secondly inhibited the survival of human glioblastoma U87G cells. (fortuneonline.org)
  • In conclusion, together, our results clearly indicate that cationic peptides with survivin and ApoE anti-tumor sequences, including scrambled shepherdin Tat , a previously described biologically inactive anti-cancer molecule, behave as cathelecidin-like anti-infective host defense molecules. (fortuneonline.org)
  • RESULTS: Triglyceride-carrying ApoC1, ApoC3, and ApoE (apolipoproteins) were most strongly associated with the risk of CHD (2- to 3-fold higher odds ratios for top versus bottom quintile) independent of conventional lipid measures. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cell surface receptor for Reelin (RELN) and apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing ligands. (trigoats.com)
  • Haptoglobin (Hpt), a plasma 2-glycoprotein belonging to the family of acute-phase proteins, binds to ApoA-I inhibiting the stimulation of the enzyme LCAT. (cnr.it)
  • A wide list of potential new antimicrobial peptides was obtained by applying this method to about 4,000 human extracellular proteins. (unina.it)
  • The reason why Peter Lansbury and others used the term 'natively unfolded' for a-synuclein and other proteins, especially peptides, is that they do not exist, to a significant degree, in the same kind of stable structure that larger native proteins like myoglobin do. (alzforum.org)
  • 2002. Apolipoprotein E and other cerebrospinal fluid proteins differentiate ante mortem variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from ante mortem sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • [ 2 ] Research has shown that almost all patients with familial renal amyloidoses (FRA) are heterozygous for mutations in the genes for lysozyme, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AII, or fibrinogen A alpha-chain and that the amyloid fibrils in this condition are derived from the respective variant proteins. (medscape.com)
  • The 11-residue amino acid sequence (6-16), which is a common sequence of type B apoA-II and type C apoA-II proteins in amyloidosis-resistant mice and amyloidosis-susceptible mice, respectively, was critical for polymerization into amyloid fibrils. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The strategy of using synthetic partial peptides of amyloidogenic proteins in vitro is a useful system for understanding amyloid fibril formation and for the development of novel therapies. (nii.ac.jp)
  • ly expressed in the initial segment of the epididymis, where it affects the functional expression of clusterin and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), two proteins required for sperm maturation. (trigoats.com)
  • However, peptide aggregation in vivo typically occurs in a more complex environment, surrounded by either different proteins or lipids, or both. (lu.se)
  • His laboratory has developed small synthetic peptide mimetics of apoA-I, and like the full-length protein, these peptides mobilize excess cholesterol from cells and have been shown to reduce atherosclerosis and inflammation in animal models. (nih.gov)
  • Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), reduces the risk for atherosclerosis by removing cholesterol from the membrane of foam cells. (edpsciences.org)
  • Here, we report that in AD patients and two mouse models of AD, overexpression of serum response factor (SRF) and myocardin (MYOCD) in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) generates an Aβ non-clearing VSMC phenotype through transactivation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, which downregulates low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1, a key Aβ clearance receptor. (nature.com)
  • Haass, C. & Selkoe, D. J. Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide. (nature.com)
  • Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the main protein component of the high density lipoproteins and it plays an important role in the reverse cholesterol transport. (cnr.it)
  • See also David Thirumalai's Emerging Ideas on the Molecular Basis of Protein and Peptide Aggregation ' (.pdf). (alzforum.org)
  • Apolipoprotein B (apo B) in human plasma is a major protein of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with a molecular mass of approximately 260-500 kDa. (thermofisher.com)
  • 2011. The apolipoprotein E ε4 allele plays pathological roles in AD through high protein expression and interaction with butyrylcholinesterase. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • On diagnostic grounds of AD C-reactive protein, pentraxins, collapsin response mediator protein-2, and growth-associated protein-43 represent the future of new possible biomarkers for diagnosing AD. (benthamscience.com)
  • Background: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) negatively modulates circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • Zn(2+) addition to the cell culture medium induces an increase in the proliferative activity of the BDNF(1-12) peptide and of the whole protein on the SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. (cnr.it)
  • The effect of Zn(2+) is opposite to that previously observed for Cu(2+) addition, which determines a decrease in the proliferative activity for both peptide and protein, suggesting that these metals might discriminate and modulate differently the activity of BDNF. (cnr.it)
  • The drawing depicts a generic amyloid fibril precursor protein (1) in equilibrium with a partially unfolded, molten, globulelike form of the protein (2) and its completely denatured state (3). (medscape.com)
  • This is because the entry point for SARS-CoV-2 is the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein. (duke.edu)
  • Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C OS=Mus musculus GN=Ptprc PE=1 SV=2, Leukocyte common an. (yeastrc.org)
  • To achieve this, the neuronal SNARE (i.e., soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex brings the vesicle and presynaptic membranes in close proximity, thereby, mediating the fusion of the two membranes resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (nature.com)
  • The SNARE complex assembles from the vesicular protein Synaptobrevin-2 as well as SNAP25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) and Syntaxin-1, which are both anchored to the presynaptic membrane 2 . (nature.com)
  • The method involves expressing the recombinant polypeptide as a fusion protein with a pro-peptide. (justia.com)
  • The pro-peptide-polypeptide fusion protein can be cleaved and the recombinant polypeptide released under the appropriate conditions. (justia.com)
  • We found that the C-terminal domain of DNAJB6 - suggested to be involved in peptide binding after dimerization - will inhibit the secondary nucleation of Aβ fibril formation as opposed to the intact protein which inhibits the primary nucleation. (lu.se)
  • Mutations in genes for the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin I, and presenilin II may lead to autosomal dominant forms of Alzheimer disease, typically with early onset. (msdmanuals.com)
  • AGGREGATION"}]}, "item_6_textarea_68": {"attribute_name": "wosonly abstract", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_textarea_value": "In mice, amyloidogenic type C apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) forms amyloid fibrils in age-associated amyloidosis. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Apolipoproteins were grouped into 4 lipid-related classes [lipoprotein(a), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides] and their associations with CHD were adjusted for established CHD risk factors and conventional lipids. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Apolipoproteins were associated with CHD independent of conventional risk factors and lipids, suggesting apolipoproteins could help to identify patients with residual lipid-related risk and guide personalized approaches to CHD risk reduction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Once optimized the production system, a broad characterization of two novel recombinant peptides, previously identified in human Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), was performed. (unina.it)
  • Finally, the use of a fusion partner may enable the production of a peptide which would otherwise be too small to accumulate and recover efficiently from a recombinant host cell system. (justia.com)
  • Zn(2+) complexes with the peptide fragment BDNF(1-12) encompassing the sequence 1-12 of the N-terminal domain of BDNF were studied by means of potentiometry, electrospray mass spectrometry, NMR, and density functional theory (DFT) approaches. (cnr.it)
  • Current methods for detecting BoNT include a mouse cause human botulism (A, B, E, and F). We developed a bioassay (2-4) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay rapid, mass spectrometry-based method (Endopep-MS) to (ELISA) (5,6). (cdc.gov)
  • The product peptides derived from the endopeptidase injection containing a sample with more than a minimum activities of BoNTs are detected by matrix-assisted laser- lethal dose show symptoms of botulinum intoxication and desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Mice receiving the appropriate anti-BoNT serotype anti- a unique cleavage site on a unique peptide, the mass-spe- body are asymptomatic and survive, while mice treated cific product peptides detected by mass spectrometry dif- with the other serotype antibodies show symptoms of botu- ferentiate active BoNT serotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • This report assessed the relevance of 13 apolipoproteins measured using a single mass-spectrometry assay for risk of CHD in the PROCARDIS case-control study of CHD (941 cases/975 controls). (ox.ac.uk)
  • HDPs are seen as true multifunctional peptides with activities as diverse as chemotaxis, inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation, modulation of leukocyte differentiation and promotion of wound healing. (unina.it)
  • Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) deposition in cerebral vessels contributes to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nature.com)
  • Tanzi, R. E., Moir, R. D. & Wagner, S. L. Clearance of Alzheimer's Aβ peptide: the many roads to perdition. (nature.com)
  • 2011. High ability of apolipoprotein E4 to stabilize amyloid-β peptide oligomers, the pathological entities responsible for Alzheimer's disease. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Here is how Terry Pratchett defined his Alzheimer's Disease: "It occurred to me that at one point it was like I had two diseases - one was Alzheimer's, and the other was knowing I had Alzheimer's. (carelinx.com)
  • We use both top-down and bottom-up approaches to explore the aggregation of the Aβ peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease. (lu.se)
  • There is a good link to oligomers from the apolipoprotein story. (alzforum.org)
  • Objectives: To evaluate soluble LRP1 (sLRP1) and ANP levels in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determine the effects of metabolic optimization. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transcription factor 7-like 2 ( TCF7L2 ) variants have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in multiple ethnic groups. (medscape.com)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: Apolipoprotein B Monoclonal Antibody (F2C9) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MIA1609, RRID AB_11152638. (thermofisher.com)
  • Apolipoprotein B binds to specific receptors on cell membranes and is involved in removal of LDL and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol from circulation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Apolipoprotein B is mostly synthesized in the liver, and is a major apolipoprotein of very low density, intermediate density and low density lipoproteins (LDL) as well as being a major component of lipoprotein (a). (thermofisher.com)
  • Lipoprotein(a) was measured using peptides from the Apo(a)-kringle repeat and Apo(a)-constant regions, but neither of these associations differed from the association with conventionally measured lipoprotein(a). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, ApoB-derived peptides were found to be endowed with anti-inflammatory properties as well as the ability to promote wound healing in keratinocytes. (unina.it)
  • Normal plasma apolipoprotein B levels are around 800mg/L. Apolipoprotein B occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100. (thermofisher.com)
  • Likewise, ApoB was independently associated with a 2-fold higher odds ratios of CHD. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Previously, we reported that a synthetic peptide, P2a, binds to and displaces Hpt from ApoA-I restoring the LCAT cholesterol esterification activity in the presence of Hpt. (cnr.it)
  • Binding of human apolipoprotein E to synthetic amyloid beta peptide: isoform-specific effects and implications for late-onset Alzheimer disease. (google.es)
  • To understand the mechanism of amyloid fibril formation by apoA-II, we examined the polymerization of synthetic partial peptides of apoA-II in vitro. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Whereas HO-1 has innumerable inducers, only adrenal glucocorticoids are known to induce HO-2 whereas certain other molecules may increase its catalytic velocity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of promising antibiotic molecules as they present broad action spectrum, potent activity, and do not easily induce resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • The predominant Zn(2+) complex species, at physiological pH, is [ZnL] in which the metal ion is bound to an amino, an imidazole, and two water molecules (NH2, N(Im), and 2O(water)) in a tetrahedral environment. (cnr.it)
  • In addition, we identified hybrid Cog-Tat/Tat-Cog peptides as potential and highly potent therapeutic molecules with anti-glioblastoma and anti-bacterial effects. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Among HDL-related apolipoproteins, ApoA4 and ApoM were inversely related to CHD, independent of conventional lipid measures. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Binds dimers of beta 2-glycoprotein I and may be involved in the suppression of platelet aggregation in the vasculature. (trigoats.com)
  • In single-cell RNA sequencing, apoB+ T cells formed several clusters with mixed TH signatures that suggested overlapping multilineage phenotypes with pro- and anti-inflammatory transcripts of TH1, T helper cell type 2 (TH2), and T helper cell type 17 (TH17), and of follicular-helper T cells. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
  • We demonstrated that both peptides are endowed with a significant antimicrobial activity towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, and are able to prevent biofilm formation in several strains at concentrations lower than those required to directly kill planktonic bacterial cells. (unina.it)
  • and ii) cholesterol reduces macroion adsorption to the membrane by reducing the surface area of the membrane and restricting the dipoles range of rotation. (edpsciences.org)
  • The extent of sLRP1 changes over 12 months of metabolic control positively correlated with those of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, TG/HDLc, and apolipoprotein B. Conclusions: Newly diagnosed T2DM patients have an increased sLRP1/ANP ratio, and increased sLRP1 and decreased ANP levels are normalized in the T2DM patients that reached an strict glycemic and metabolic control. (bvsalud.org)
  • The fibrinolytic enzyme, human plasmin (HPlm), is formed from HPlg as a result of activator-catalysed cleavage of the Arg561-Val562 peptide bond in HPlg. (embl.de)
  • Such reactions employ agents that act by hydrolysis of peptide bonds and the specificity of the cleavage agent is determined by the identity of the amino acid residue at or near the peptide bond which is cleaved. (justia.com)
  • In addition, two further cryptic HDPs have been structurally and functionally characterized. (unina.it)
  • Structurally apolipoproteins depend on their amphipathicity, and Ab is also an amphipathic molecule as a recent (Apr 18) Science paper mentions and the article by Charlie Glabe of 1994 showed. (alzforum.org)
  • ACE2 is one of the main enzymes responsible for dampening the primary effector peptide Ang II (angiotensin II), metabolizing it to Ang-(1-7). (duke.edu)
  • [ 27 ] the strongest predictors continue to be positive family history, increased body mass index, increased blood pressure, and increased serum levels of triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-1, and liver enzymes, all of which precede inception of metabolic syndrome . (medscape.com)
  • Here, we investigate the molecular determinants underlining the interaction between Hpt and P2a peptide. (cnr.it)
  • Other genetic determinants include the apolipoprotein (apo) E (epsilon) alleles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease. (google.es)
  • Second, we detected no apoB+ T cells in BALBc mice, which express an MHC-II-allele (I-Ae) different from I-Ab in C57BL/6J mice. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
  • Risk of Alzheimer disease is substantially increased in people with two epsilon-4 alleles and may be decreased in those who have the epsilon-2 allele. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For people with two epsilon-4 alleles, risk of developing Alzheimer disease by age 75 is about 10 to 30 times that for people without the allele. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We focus on SARS-CoV-2 as this body of literature in regards to cardiovascular disease has advanced significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic. (duke.edu)
  • [ 21 , 22 ] Indeed, dysregulation of glucose metabolism, decreased processing of proinsulin, and elevated levels of gastric inhibitory peptide and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) can be observed before the onset of T2DM in normoglycemic individuals with TCF7L2 polymorphisms. (medscape.com)
  • A Human Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide Effectively Inhibits HSV-1 TK" by Partha S. Bhattacharjee, D. M. Neumann et al. (xula.edu)
  • A Human Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide Effectively Inhibits HSV-1 TK-Positive and TK-Negative Acute Epithelial Keratitis in Rabbits. (xula.edu)
  • Purpose: To compare the antiviral effect of a peptide derived from human apolipoprotein E (1% apoEdp) with 1% trifluorothymidine against HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK)-positive (HSV-1 McKrae) and with 3% foscarnet against HSV-1 TK-negative (KOS background) in the rabbit eye model of acute HSV-1 epithelial keratitis. (xula.edu)
  • and Hill, J. M., "A Human Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide Effectively Inhibits HSV-1 TK-Positive and TK-Negative Acute Epithelial Keratitis in Rabbits. (xula.edu)
  • Oxidizability of human plasma measured in the presence of Cu(II) was found to correlate with the oxidizability of LDL measured in the common Cu(II)‐based LDL oxidation assay. (iospress.com)
  • To probe their origin, human plasma was examined and a series of apo(a) immunoreactive peptides larger in size than urinary fragments was identified. (elsevierpure.com)
  • MIA1609 targets Apolipoprotein B in ELISA, IP and RIA applications and shows reactivity with Human samples. (thermofisher.com)
  • They tested human blood from two groups of women, one with plaques and one without, to see which immune cells responded to the presence of the peptide. (transhumanist-party.org)
  • Hepatocyte-Specific Expression of Human Carboxylesterase 2 Attenuates Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. (fudan.edu.cn)
  • Fourth, apoB+ cells secreted the cytokine IL-17 in an ELISPOT assay after restimulation with p6 (Figure II in the Data Supplement). (angiogenesis-blog.com)
  • Biological characterization of the corresponding P2a peptide analogs, Apo146 and Apo157, showed that the two peptides interfere with Hpt binding to HDL and are more effective than P2a peptide in rescue LCAT activity from Hpt inhibition. (cnr.it)
  • In the fibril state, the peptide becomes highly ordered (at least from residue 10 on). (alzforum.org)
  • These findings suggest that there may be different mechanisms underlying the nucleation and extension phases of apoA-II amyloid fibril formation. (nii.ac.jp)
  • liver transplantation is potentially curative in patients with fibrinogen A alpha-chain FRA and, possibly, in some patients with apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis. (medscape.com)
  • Lipocalin-2 Protects Against Diet-induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Targeting Hepatocytes. (fudan.edu.cn)
  • Two rare diseases-fish-eye disease (FED) and familial LCAT deficiency (FLT)-result from a lack of LCAT. (nih.gov)
  • Analyses of these apolipoproteins in a subset of the ASCOT trial (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial) were used to assess their within-person variability and to estimate a correction for statin use. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The study design and analyses were based on Parts 2 and 3 of the 2018 IFCC Commutability in Metrological Traceability Working Group's Recommendations for Commutability Assessment. (cdc.gov)
  • correlated to the amount of product peptides, is also hence, mice are observed for 4 days before a negative result described. (cdc.gov)
  • Mixtures of neutralizing anti- detection of the unique peptide products by mass spec- bodies are given to mice in conjunction with the sample. (cdc.gov)
  • 2 mg/dl) plasma levels of Lp(a) had proportionally more apo(a) circulating as fragments in their plasma. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Heme oxygenase 2 (HMOX2 or HO-2) is a constitutive isoform that is expressed under homeostatic conditions in the testes, gastrointestinal tract, endothelial cells and the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • This methodology facilitates the isolation and recovery of the fusion peptide from the host cells by exploiting the physico-chemical properties of the fusion partner. (justia.com)
  • Apolipoprotein Proteomics for Residual Lipid-Related Risk in Coronary Heart Disease. (ox.ac.uk)