AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and Drugs
PepsinogensPepsinogen APepsinogen CPepsin AGastritis, AtrophicPepstatinsGastric MucosaChief Cells, GastricChymosinGastrinsProventriculusHelicobacter pyloriHelicobacter InfectionsGastritisStomachTunaEnzyme PrecursorsGastritis, HypertrophicStomach Neoplasms
Hydrochloric acidPepsinGastrin and pepsinogenStomachSerum gastrinSecreteSecretionConcentrationsAntigenAtrophicELISAInactiveStimulatesGeneEnzymeLevelsCancerHumanProgastricsinRelated pepsinogen systems in humansGastrin-17Atrophic gastritisPGIIAsparticCheif cellsGastric mucosaHelicobacterProteinDuodenal ulcerEncodesMucousMucosalResiduesRatioVagus nerveDetectionGastritisStomach cancerHumanClinicalFoundDiagnosisGroupCellsGroups
Hydrochloric acid4
  • Hydrochloric acid inactivates salivary amylase and catalyzes the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin. (github.io)
  • Gastric juice: the gastric juice consists of the following: water 90%, hydrochloric acid 0.4% prorennin and pepsinogen, gastric lipase. (preservearticles.com)
  • In the stomach, hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen to pepsin, which breaks down protein, and gastric lipase begins the hydrolysis of fats. (metagenics.com)
  • In the stomach, hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen to pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down protein. (vitaminlife.com)
Pepsin4
  • Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin as an inactive zymogen called pepsinogen. (github.io)
  • Acid in the stomach changes pepsinogen to pepsin, which breaks down proteins in food during digestion. (github.io)
  • Samloff IM: Pepsinogens, pepsins, and pepsin inhibitors. (karger.com)
  • Gastric pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by gastric chief cells and mucus neck cells as inactive pepsinogen. (ersjournals.com)
Gastrin and pepsinogen5
  • To study the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric inflammatory scores, and fasting gastrin and pepsinogen A and C concentrations, and to evaluate the effect of treatment on these parameters. (nih.gov)
  • Gastrin and pepsinogen A and C concentrations were measured in 36 patients with gastritis, 10 gastric ulcer patients, 12 duodenal ulcer patients, and in 15 subjects with normal gastric mucosa, by standard radioimmunoassay techniques. (nih.gov)
  • Fasting gastrin and pepsinogen A and C concentrations were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive gastritis and peptic ulcer patients than in subjects with normal mucosa and in patients with H. pylori-negative gastritis. (nih.gov)
  • Neither sex nor age affected basal gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • Gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disorders, including atrophic gastritis which can be diagnosed based on levels of serum biomarkers like Gastrin and Pepsinogen. (scirp.org)
Stomach1
Serum gastrin1
  • Eradication of H. pylori infection was successful in 12 patients and resulted in a significant fall in serum gastrin and in pepsinogen A and C concentrations, and in a concomitant improvement of the inflammatory scores. (nih.gov)
Secrete1
Secretion1
  • Ileal protein which stimulates gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion. (hmdb.ca)
Concentrations1
  • Accuracy of screening for gastric cancer using serum pepsinogen concentrations. (oncolink.org)
Antigen1
  • The role of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and Pepsinogen C (PGC) gene. (usp.br)
Atrophic2
  • Pepsinogen levels in serum may serve as a biomarker for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smoking history and severe atrophic gastritis assessed by pepsinogen are risk factors for the prevalence of synchronous gastric cancers in patients with gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a multicenter prospective cohort study. (bvsalud.org)
ELISA1
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Pepsinogen C from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (unicoupi.com)
Inactive1
  • Prorennin and pepsinogen are protein digesting proenzymes secreted in inactive form. (preservearticles.com)
Stimulates1
  • Which hormone stimulates the chief cells to produce pepsinogen? (proprofs.com)
Gene3
  • Pepsinogen 3, group I (pepsinogen A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGA3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene is found in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 11, each of which encodes one of multiple pepsinogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Entrez Gene: Pepsinogen 3, group I (pepsinogen A)". Retrieved 2017-08-25. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme2
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pepsinogen C (PGC) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (unicoupi.com)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Pepsinogen C (PGC) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (unicoupi.com)
Levels1
  • The degree of atrophy was classified according to levels in patient serum of pepsinogens I and II (PGI and PGII) and Gastrin 17 (G17) and compared with histological profiles as reference method. (scirp.org)
Cancer3
  • Review the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for gastric cancer using barium-meal photofluorography, gastric endoscopy, or serum pepsinogen in this expert-reviewed summary. (oncolink.org)
  • Based on fair evidence, screening with barium-meal photofluorography or serum pepsinogen would not result in a decrease in mortality from gastric cancer in areas with relatively low incidence of the disease, such as the United States. (oncolink.org)
  • BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study was performed to determine whether serum pepsinogen (PG) and gastrin testing can be used to detect gastric cancer in Korea. (snu.ac.kr)
Human2
Progastricsin3
  • Dorland, 28th ed) In humans there are 2 related pepsinogen systems: PEPSINOGEN A (formerly pepsinogen I or pepsinogen) and PEPSINOGEN C (formerly pepsinogen II or progastricsin). (childrensmercy.org)
  • Pepsinogens are mainly grouped in 5 different groups based on their primary structure: pepsinogen A (also called pepsinogen I), pepsinogen B, progastricsin (also called pepsinogen II and pepsinogen C), prochymosin (also called prorennin) and pepsinogen F (also called pregnancy-associated glycoprotein). (wikipedia.org)
  • Hence the structures of these two proteins indicate that aspartic proteinase zymogens keep themselves inactive at neutral pH by a very similar mechanism in human progastricsin and porcine pepsinogen. (rcsb.org)
Related pepsinogen systems in humans1
  • This is one of 2 related pepsinogen systems in humans and is also known as pepsinogen. (nih.gov)
Gastrin-173
  • 3. Serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I in atrophic gastritis: an observational case-control study. (nih.gov)
  • A panel of stomach-specific serum biomarkers: pepsinogen (PG) I, pepsinogen (PG) II, gastrin-17 (G-17), and IgG antibodies to H. pylori (HP-Ab) detects the extent and grade of AG. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Pepsinogen I Pepsinogen II ndi Gastrin-17 Comb. (baysenrapidtest.com)
Atrophic gastritis6
  • Pepsinogen levels in serum may serve as a biomarker for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the 1990's, the test for serum pepsinogen as a marker for chronic atrophic gastritis has been incorporated into gastric cancer screening programs, on a trial basis, to identify people at high risk for gastric cancer. (go.jp)
  • The clinical applications of measuring pepsinogen I and II are a useful aid in the diagnosis of severe atrophic gastritis and stomach cancer. (epitopediagnostics.com)
  • It has been suggested that the measurement of serum pepsinogens serve as a "serological biopsy" for predicting the presence of atrophic gastritis or superficial gastritis. (epitopediagnostics.com)
  • It has been found the serum pepsinogen I levels falling lower than 20 ng/ml was highly specific for severe atrophic gastritis. (epitopediagnostics.com)
  • On the other hand, the decrease in serum pepsinogen I levels in patients with pernicious anemia and atrophic gastritis was found to be associated with normal or raised pepsinogen II levels. (epitopediagnostics.com)
PGII1
  • Human gastric mucosa contains two abundant and distinguishable aspartic proteinases, namely pepsinogen I (PGI or PGA) and pepsinogen II (PGII or PGC). (medscape.com)
Aspartic2
  • Human Pepsinogens are aspartic proteases produced in the gastric mucosa and secreted into the gastric lumen that play a major role in the digestion of proteins after activation of acidic pH. (fiapoct.com)
  • This similarity likely carries over to all members of both the pepsinogen A and C families of aspartic proteinase zymogens. (rcsb.org)
Cheif cells1
  • Pepsinogen I is synthesized at gastric cheif cells and mucous neck cells, while pepsinogen II is also produced by clear mucous cells of antrum, etc. (epitopediagnostics.com)
Gastric mucosa2
  • The addition of the serum test to the cancer screening program has been shown to improve the detection rate of cancer and pepsinogen testing is useful in detecting early-stage gastric cancers arising from atrophic gastric mucosa, which macroscopically tend to be elevated and histologically differentiated. (go.jp)
  • evaluation of gastric mucosa by serum pepsinogen levels. (nih.gov)
Helicobacter1
Protein1
  • Pepsinogen 3, group I (pepsinogen A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGA3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Duodenal ulcer1
Encodes1
  • This gene is found in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 11, each of which encodes one of multiple pepsinogens. (wikipedia.org)
Mucous2
  • It also stimulates secretion of HCL and pepsinogen and stimulates mucous production to protect against autodigestion of your stomach wall. (jonbarron.org)
  • Glands in the mucous-membrane lining of the stomach, called peptic chief cells, are responsible for making pepsinogen. (draxe.com)
Mucosal2
  • It was also observed that serum pepsinogen I levels fell with increasing severity of mucosal damage in such cases. (epitopediagnostics.com)
  • Free acidity, total acidity, basal acid output, serum pepsinogen I, gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and gastrin were significantly lower in group II, whereas serum gastrin and somatostatin staining were significantly higher. (who.int)
Residues2
  • Pepsinogen consists of a single polypeptide chain of 375 amino acid residues with an average molecular weight of 42 kDa. (epitopediagnostics.com)
  • The first 37 amino acid residues of the prosegment are similar in conformation to the equivalent residues of porcine pepsinogen (pPGN). (rcsb.org)
Ratio3
  • Determination of human serum pepsinogen I/II ratio has been reported to be a useful tool in aiding the diagnosis of the functional states of acid-secreting gastric muscosa. (epitopediagnostics.com)
  • Therefore, a pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio is significantly lower than those with superficial gastritis or normal remnant mucosa. (epitopediagnostics.com)
  • Third, achlorhydria has been defined as a ratio of serum pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II of less than 2.9. (medscape.com)
Vagus nerve1
  • The hormone gastrin and the vagus nerve trigger the release of both pepsinogen and HCl from the stomach lining when food is ingested. (wikipedia.org)
Detection2
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Pepsinogen C from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (taleffectors.com)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Pepsinogen C (PGC) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (taleffectors.com)
Gastritis1
  • The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of serum pepsinogen I levels for advanced atrophic corpus gastritis are about 92% and 90% respectively. (epitopediagnostics.com)
Stomach cancer1
  • Other studies have concluded that low serum pepsinogen I levels may identify persons at increased risk for intestinal types of stomach cancer. (epitopediagnostics.com)
Human1
  • In this study, we used the antimicrobial peptide PAP3 (A3 isoform of human pepsinogen) and the phage 1 (isolated by Salmonella rissen). (unina.it)
Clinical1
  • Although a high pepsinogen I level has less clinical use for establishing this diagnosis, the combination of hypergastinemia and a highly evelated serum pepsinogen I level strongly suggests the possibility of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. (epitopediagnostics.com)
Found2
  • This is the main pepsinogen found in urine. (nih.gov)
  • It is found in prostate and seminal fluid whereas PEPSINOGEN A is not. (nih.gov)
Diagnosis1
  • Objectives: Complete en-bloc resection of pedunculated colorectal carcinoma is necessary for a proper pathological diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
Group1
Cells1
Groups2
  • It is synthesized as isoymogens and is classified into two groups (Pepsinogen I and Pepsinogen II). (fiapoct.com)
  • There were significant differences between the PCM and CM groups in en bloc resection (100% vs. 48%, p = 0.013) and R0 resection rates (71% vs. 31%, p = 0.049). (bvsalud.org)