PhosphateMesophilic bacterium that was isolatedPathwayPolysaccharidesLipidsMonosaccharidesPathwaysMetabolismXyloseGlycolysisNucleic AcidsFermentable sugarsBiosynthesisProteinsEnzymesCompoundsEnzymeDerivativesAnaerobicGram-positiveFermentationCarbonMicrobiologyEthanolAlgaeSolubleLactic acidEnzymaticFatty acidGerminationNucleotideOxidationMetabolicGlyceraldehydeBiochemicalAmmoniaSequenceConvert
Phosphate8
- The production of hexose 6 phosphate is a key node in different pathways that are required for a successful germination. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hexokinase (HXK) is a glycolytic regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible phosphorylation reaction of D-hexoses at the sixth carbon using ATP-Mg 2+ as a phosphate donor. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2. Dickens, F. and Williamson, D.H. Pentose phosphate isomerase and epimerase from animal tissues. (qmul.ac.uk)
- Fermentation of cellulosic biomass goes through an atypical glycolytic pathway in this thermophilic bacterium, with various glycolytic enzymes capable of utilizing different phosphate donors, including GTP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PP i ), in addition to or in place of the usual ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
- We now demonstrate that this enzyme can also phosphorylate sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway), with the V max and K m of F6P being approximately 15 folds higher and 43 folds lower, respectively, in comparison to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. (biomedcentral.com)
- These findings along with previous proteomic data suggest that Pfp, plays a role in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while PfkA and PfkB may phosphorylate sugars in glycolysis but is responsible for sugar metabolism elsewhere under conditions outside of growth on sufficient cellobiose. (biomedcentral.com)
- 4) glycosidic linkage, which connects to Iast the two sugar residues on a non-reducing end, creating glucose 1-phosphate as well as the polymer, which is one that is a glucose unit smaller. (microbiologynote.com)
- The glucose 6-phosphate that is formed during the phosphoglucomutase process can be absorbed into glycolysis or a different pathway, such as the pentose phosphate pathway. (microbiologynote.com)
Mesophilic bacterium that was isolated2
Pathway2
- Most anaerobic bacteria undergo hexose metabolism via the Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP) which produces pyruvate as an intermediate along with NADH. (fao.org)
- For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. (lbl.gov)
Polysaccharides4
- Hemicelluloses are water-soluble polysaccharides and consists of hexoses, pentoses, and uronic acids and are the major plant constituents second only in quantity of cellulose, and sources of energy and nutrients for soil microflora. (agriinfo.in)
- MECHANISMHemicellulose comprises a group of heterogenous polysaccharides made up of hexose, pentose and their derivatives. (sunsonenzymes.com)
- Polysaccharides are the structural elements of the cell wall of bacteria and plants. (studiousguy.com)
- The breakdown of polysaccharides in food like glycogen and starch inside the intestinal tract through hydrolysis, rather than phosphorolysis, will not result in any energy gain Sugar phosphates cannot be transferred into the cells of the intestine, but they must first be dephosphorylated and converted to sugar free. (microbiologynote.com)
Lipids2
- Lipases convert lipids to long-chain fatty acids. (fao.org)
- Sugars, water-soluble nitrogenous compounds, amino acids, lipids, starches and some of the hemicellulases are decomposed first at rapid rate, while insoluble compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, proteins etc. which forms the major portion of organic matter are decomposed later slowly. (agriinfo.in)
Monosaccharides2
- 3- carbon monosaccharides are called triose sugars. (studymode.com)
- 6-carbon monosaccharides are called hexose sugars. (studymode.com)
Pathways3
- Partial breakdown into lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 Note: Bacteria have many different pathways for carbohydrate metabolism based on the enzymes they are able to produce. (studylib.net)
- For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. (lbl.gov)
- For one, xylans are composed mainly of pentose sugars, bioconversion of which requires metabolic pathways that are distinct from those used to process hexose sugars from cellulose [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolism2
- The depletion of DOM over time was strongly correlated with increases in expression of many genes associated with heterotrophy (e.g., amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism) belonging to a Hydrogenophaga strain that accounted for a relatively large percentage (~8%) of the metatranscriptome. (frontiersin.org)
- Nitrogen metabolism - amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis. (iasexamportal.com)
Xylose2
- xylose, arabinose, galactose and mannose) which are further convened to organic acids, alcohols, CO2 and H2O and uronic acids are broken down to pentoses and CO2. (agriinfo.in)
- 1 unit of Xylanase equals to the amount of enzyme, which hydrolyzes xylan to get 1 μmol of reducing sugar (Calculated as xylose) in 1 min at 50℃ and pH5.0. (sunsonenzymes.com)
Glycolysis1
- In the majority of organisms, other hexoses than glucose are able to undergo glycolysis following transformation into the phosphorylated form. (microbiologynote.com)
Nucleic Acids1
- Name the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. (studymode.com)
Fermentable sugars2
- Moreover, conversion of sugarcane biomass into fermentable sugars for second-generation ethanol production is a promising alternative to meet future demands of biofuel production in the country. (scielo.br)
- In Ethanol & Alcohol production process, the starches from agricultural products are converted in fermentable sugars with the help of enzymes. (sunsonenzymes.com)
Biosynthesis1
Proteins1
- Signal transduction : overview, receptors and G-proteins, specific signaling mechanism in bacteria and proteins. (iasexamportal.com)
Enzymes2
- The cellulolytic microorganisms responsible for degradation of cellulose through the excretion of enzymes (cellulase & Cellobiase) are fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. (agriinfo.in)
- Therefore, the dramatic changes of sugar type and concentration during the germination process undoubtedly regulates the enzyme activity and the pattern of gene expression of several enzymes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Compounds4
- Complete oxidation of lignin result in the formation of aromatic compounds such as syringaldehydes, vanillin and ferulic acid. (agriinfo.in)
- The final cleavages of these aromatic compounds yield organic acids, carbon dioxide, methane and water. (agriinfo.in)
- GLYCOSYLATION of other compounds with these amino sugars results in AMINOGLYCOSIDES. (lookformedical.com)
- Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
Enzyme1
- Starch sugar is the sugar produced by starch as the raw material and the enzyme preparation is widely used in the preduction of starch sugar. (sunsonenzymes.com)
Derivatives1
- A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. (lookformedical.com)
Anaerobic2
- The final product of aerobic decomposition is CO2 and that of anaerobic decomposition are Hydrogen, ethyl alcohol (CH4), various organic acids and carbon dioxide (CO2). (agriinfo.in)
- Various microorganisms including fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes both aerobic and anaerobic are involved in the decomposition of hemicelluloses. (agriinfo.in)
Gram-positive1
- Glycopeptide antibiotic complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria . (lookformedical.com)
Fermentation4
- Malolactic conversion (also known as malolactic fermentation or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- A description of microorganisms involved in methane fermentation, based on an analysis of bacteria isolated from sewage sludge digesters and from the rumen of some animals, is summarized in Fig. 4-1. (fao.org)
- Better control of fermentation conditions can reduce the stress conditions for yeast cells and contamination by bacteria and wild yeasts. (scielo.br)
- A few years ago, I was asked to explain lactic acid fermentation in sourdough, and the difference between homo- and heterofermentation. (thefreshloaf.com)
Carbon1
- Sugars are the main source of carbon and energy, but they also have signaling functions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Microbiology1
- In 1866, Louis Pasteur, one of the pioneers of modern microbiology, isolated the first bacteria from wine and determined that all bacteria in wine were a cause for wine spoilage. (wikipedia.org)
Ethanol2
- However, a combination of factors involving oil price drops, reduction of subsidies to producers and rise of sugar prices contributed to fuel shortage that led to a major downturn in the demand for ethanol-run cars. (scielo.br)
- as well as the highest solubilization percentage of minimally pretreated mid-season switchgrass in comparison to other organisms[ 7 ], while fermenting the derived sugars to ethanol and acetate plus hydrogen (H 2 ) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Algae1
Soluble1
- On hydrolysis hemicelluloses are converted into soluble monosaccharide/sugars (eg. (agriinfo.in)
Lactic acid3
- The primary function of all these bacteria is to convert L-malic acid, one of the two major grape acids found in wine, to another type of acid, L+ lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Malic acid is typically associated with the taste of green apples, while lactic acid is richer and more buttery tasting. (wikipedia.org)
- Émile Peynaud furthered enology understanding of the process and soon cultured stock of beneficial lactic acid bacteria was available for winemakers to use. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymatic1
- From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)
Fatty acid1
- It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety. (lookformedical.com)
Germination2
- Seed germination is a crucial process in the plant life cycle when a dramatic variation of type and sugar content occurs just as the seed is hydrated. (biomedcentral.com)
- Seed dormancy and germination, hormonal regulation of growth and development physiological effects and mechanism of action of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, plant rythms and biological clock, secondary metabolites, plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. (iasexamportal.com)
Nucleotide1
- Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
Oxidation1
- The long-chain fatty acids produced are further degraded by p-oxidation to produce acetyl CoA. (fao.org)
Metabolic1
- A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Glyceraldehyde1
- Glyceraldehyde with C-2 atom is chiral or asymmetric in nature, henceforth, there are two stereoisomers of this sugar. (studiousguy.com)
Biochemical1
- the disease-causing bacterium was isolated and its morphological, physiological and biochemical characters were determined. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Ammonia1
- It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (lookformedical.com)
Sequence1
- vi)a nucleic acid sequence according to any of (i) and (ii) which is degenerate as a result of the genetic code. (allindianpatents.com)