Also known as the pentose phosphate pathway , the HMP shunt is the less active pathway for utilization of G6P in the lens-on average, less than 5% of lens glucose is metabolized by this route. (aao.org)
Most anaerobic bacteria undergo hexose metabolism via the Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP) which produces pyruvate as an intermediate along with NADH. (fao.org)
Embarking on an exploration into cellular metabolism, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) commands particular attention, not merely for its role in glucose metabolism but also for its crucial involvement in cellular biosynthesis and antioxidant defenses. (microbiologynote.com)
In scientific terms, the PPP is an essential metabolic pathway that functions concurrently with glycolysis , presenting itself as a quintessential player in maintaining cellular homeostasis through its diligent role in generating NADPH, pentoses, and ribose 5-phosphate. (microbiologynote.com)
Dietary pentose sugars, a derivative of nucleic acid digestion, can be intertwined with the PPP, thereby revealing another layer of metabolic flexibility and adaptability provided by this pathway. (microbiologynote.com)
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) primarily resides within the cytosol of cells, which is the aqueous component of the cytoplasm, a matrix in which various cellular organelles are suspended and numerous metabolic reactions transpire. (microbiologynote.com)
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is divided into an oxidative branch that makes pentose phosphates and a non-oxidative branch that consumes pentose phosphates, though the non-oxidative branch is considered reversible. (mdpi.com)
Phosphate6
The production of hexose 6 phosphate is a key node in different pathways that are required for a successful germination. (biomedcentral.com)
Hexokinase (HXK) is a glycolytic regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible phosphorylation reaction of D-hexoses at the sixth carbon using ATP-Mg 2+ as a phosphate donor. (biomedcentral.com)
The Glucose-6-phosphate can then be used as a substrate for different pathways, namely glycolysis and the pentose phosphate way, and (depending on the organism) also be converted into glycogen and starch for further storage. (stackexchange.com)
begingroup$ Very good response thank you, in addition I finded out that fructose 1,6 biphosphate is somewhat more 'simetrical' than glucose-6-phosphate, if it wasn't isomerized it would only form 1 usable substrate, the other would be slightly off shape and wouldn't fit in enzymes further in the chain, I not sure if this is accurate, but it sounds logical. (stackexchange.com)
If the aldolase reaction for triose → hexose evolved around glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate then perhaps the involvement of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was dictated by the underlying chemistry of the aldolase condensation, and the steps to glucose followed from there. (stackexchange.com)
Sugars6
These pre-treatments are designed to allow the carbohydrate portion of the biomass to be broken down into simple sugars, for example by en-zymatic hydrolysis using exogenously added cellulases to release fermentable sugars [ 12 ]. (banksolar.ru)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus , were used for fermentation of hexose and pentose sugars in the hydrolysate. (ncsu.edu)
Agricultural and forestry residues are considered as a sustainable source for the fermentative production of biofuels and are rich in pentose sugars. (goethe-university-frankfurt.de)
We have used our proprietary C5-technology to construct recombinant industrial yeast strains fermenting efficiently both, glucose and pentose sugars (e.g. (goethe-university-frankfurt.de)
The substrate uptake rate of C. saccharolyticus on single sugar-defined media was higher on glucose compared to xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
2 2 Webb SR, Lee H. Regulation of d-xylose utilization by hexoses in pentose-fermenting yeasts. (scielo.br)
Production of glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, from pentoses and d-glucose/d-xylose mixtures by Pseudozyma yeast strains. (scielo.br)
Subsequently, the cultures entered a lag phase when all pentoses were consumed after which glucose uptake rate increased. (biomedcentral.com)
The observation could be described with a modified diauxic model including a second enzyme system with a higher affinity for glucose being expressed when pentose saccharides are consumed. (biomedcentral.com)
The previously observed co-consumption of glucose and pentoses with a preference for the latter was herein confirmed. (biomedcentral.com)
However, once all pentoses were consumed, C. saccharolyticus most probably expressed another uptake system to account for the observed increased glucose uptake rate. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the observation indicates a regulation system that has fundamental research relevance, since pentose and glucose uptake in C. saccharolyticus has only been described with ABC transporters, whereas previously reported diauxic growth phenomena have been correlated mainly to PTS systems for sugar uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
Hexokinase (HXK) is the only plant enzyme that phosphorylates glucose (Glc), so it is key to fueling several metabolic pathways depending on their substrate specificity, metabolite regulatory responses and subcellular localization. (biomedcentral.com)
A structural comparison of the predicted model with other structures of crystallized glucokinases enzymes allowed us to identify both the regions of interaction with their classical substrates (glucose and ATP) and those involved in the binding of other substrates such as fructose and ADP. (scientificarchives.com)
In this work we present the first model obtained by in silico tools of the 3D structure of Pi GlcK-1, and the binding sites to its classical substrates glucose and ATP, to fructose and ADP, and a possible binding site to PPi that is proposed as a promising target for the design of an inhibitor of this enzyme. (scientificarchives.com)
Enzyme4
366 This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and fructose and mannose metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
While enzyme assays have not been carried out to determine the substrate specificity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and PPi-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase in C. thermocellum, it is tempting to propose a similar hexose-to-pentose conversion mechanism. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Fungal cellulases produced on-site by utilizing acid-alkali pretreated water hyacinth as the substrate were used as the crude enzyme source for hydrolysis of identically pretreated biomass. (ncsu.edu)
This enzyme is associated NAD + , which suggests that the reaction involves the sequential oxidation and reduction of the hexose C4 atom. (flashcardmachine.com)
The reaction sequence in the Calvin-Benson cycle is from triose phosphates to pentose phosphates, the opposite of the typical direction of the non-oxidative PPP. (mdpi.com)
In methane fermentation of waste waters containing high concentrations of organic polymers, the hydrolytic activity relevant to each polymer is of paramount significance, in that polymer hydrolysis may become a rate-limiting step for the production of simpler bacterial substrates to be used in subsequent degradation steps. (fao.org)
In submerged process for the fermentation to produce citric acid, A. A. niger is used with solid substrate as sweet potato B. A. niger floats on the surface of solution C. Fungal mycelium grows through out the solution in a deep tank D. both (a) and (b) Which substrate is used in the fermentation of citric acid? (vnedu.org)
Ferment1
Since the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to ferment the pentose, the search for pentose-fermenting microorganisms could be an alternative. (scielo.br)
Metabolic1
The different materials in environment were source for pentose-assimilating yeast with variable metabolic profile. (scielo.br)
Reaction1
Degradation behavior of monosaccharides during treatment with each acid was expressed by a second-order reaction rate constant with respect to substrate and acid concentrations, and the activation energy and frequency factor were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. (ncsu.edu)
Yeasts4
Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
However the yield has not reached a satisfactory level for industrial applications On the other hand, pentose-assimilating yeasts can be used for obtainment of high aggregate value products. (scielo.br)
The pentose-assimilating capacity of yeasts Pseudozyma antarctica PYCC 5048 T , P. aphidis PYCC 5535 T and P. rugulosa PYCC 5537 T and production of a glycolipid biosurfactant was demonstrate 3 3 Faria NT, Santos MV, Fernandes P, Fonseca LL, Fonseca C, Ferreira FC. (scielo.br)
The resulting so-called hexose transporter ( hxt ) null strain (EBY.VW4000) has become a valuable tool worldwide for the characterization of sugar transporters from other yeasts, fungi, plants, animals and even human cells (click here to see how the tool works). (goethe-university-frankfurt.de)
Enzymatic2
Chapter 9 covers the enzymatic production of pentose-based molecules by Richard Plantier Royon and co-workers. (rsc.org)
From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)
Hydrolysis2
In this context, appropriate use of the pentose released by hemicellulose hydrolysis could improve de economic viability of this process. (scielo.br)
One of the bottlenecks is the utilization of pentoses released by hydrolysis of hemicellulose that correspond to around 30% of the lignocellulosic feedstock. (scielo.br)
Concentrations1
Saccharomyces strains were used widely and traditionally for industrial ethanol production because of its ability to produce high concentrations of ethanol from hexoses and its high tolerance to ethanol and other inhibitory compounds. (scialert.net)
As it relies only on the well-founded assumption that catalysis with CO 2 and O 2 substrates are mutually exclusive, this mechanism should function for any rubisco. (elifesciences.org)
Production3
as well as the production of xylitol and arabitol by Debaryomyces hansenii from pentose. (scielo.br)
4 4 Gírio FM, Amaro C, Azinheira H, Pelica F, Amaral-Collaço MT. Polyols production during single and mixed substrate fermentations in Debaryomyces hansenii. (scielo.br)
What is the pH of the medium when molasses is used as substrate for the production of citric acid? (vnedu.org)
Industrial1
The aim of this study was to quantify uptake of pentose and hexose monosaccharides in an industrial substrate and to present a kinetic growth model of C. saccharolyticus that includes sugar uptake on defined and industrial media. (biomedcentral.com)
In Chapter 8, Richard Daniellou and co-workers focus on another interesting topic covering the current procedures for the in situ generation of nucleotide-sugar substrates for glycosyltransferases to avoid the storage of activated glycosyl donors. (rsc.org)
Growth1
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus is an attractive hydrogen producer suitable for growth on various lignocellulosic substrates. (biomedcentral.com)