xylose, arabinose, galactose and mannose) which are further convened to organic acids, alcohols, CO2 and H2O and uronic acids are broken down to pentoses and CO2. (agriinfo.in)
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common process to degrade the cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars such as glucose and xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
The experimental data included four different cases: glucose, xylose, sugar mixture, and wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) fermentations. (biomedcentral.com)
The substrate uptake rate of C. saccharolyticus on single sugar-defined media was higher on glucose compared to xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
Thermophilic bacterium1
Caloramator celer is a strict anaerobic, alkalitolerant, thermophilic bacterium capable of converting glucose to hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide, acetate, ethanol and formate by a mixed acid fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
Interest in anaerobic2
Although practiced for decades, interest in anaerobic fermentation has only recently focused on its use in the economic recovery of fuel gas from industrial and agricultural surpluses. (fao.org)
This has been further compounded by depletion of fossil reserves, growing organic waste production, and global warming threats have combined to increase interest in anaerobic digestion and biogas fuel resources [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The Glucose-6-phosphate can then be used as a substrate for different pathways, namely glycolysis and the pentose phosphate way, and (depending on the organism) also be converted into glycogen and starch for further storage. (stackexchange.com)
If the aldolase reaction for triose → hexose evolved around glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate then perhaps the involvement of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was dictated by the underlying chemistry of the aldolase condensation, and the steps to glucose followed from there. (stackexchange.com)
Subsequently, the cultures entered a lag phase when all pentoses were consumed after which glucose uptake rate increased. (biomedcentral.com)
The observation could be described with a modified diauxic model including a second enzyme system with a higher affinity for glucose being expressed when pentose saccharides are consumed. (biomedcentral.com)
The previously observed co-consumption of glucose and pentoses with a preference for the latter was herein confirmed. (biomedcentral.com)
However, once all pentoses were consumed, C. saccharolyticus most probably expressed another uptake system to account for the observed increased glucose uptake rate. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the observation indicates a regulation system that has fundamental research relevance, since pentose and glucose uptake in C. saccharolyticus has only been described with ABC transporters, whereas previously reported diauxic growth phenomena have been correlated mainly to PTS systems for sugar uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, due to the high number of sugar transporters, E. coli uses preferentially few systems to grow in glucose as the sole carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
E. coli preferentially uses glucose in the presence of sugar mixtures, preventing using other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms control the preferential use of glucose over other sugars. (encyclopedia.pub)
Additionally, numerous transporters with overlapping sugar specificities for monosaccharides increase the potential capability to transport glucose [ 6 ] , indicating the extraordinary capability and plasticity of transporting and growing glucose as a carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
Combining experimental results from batch fermentations with genome analysis, reconstruction of central carbon metabolism and metabolic flux analysis (MFA), this study shed light on glucose catabolism of the thermophilic alkalitolerant bacterium C. celer . (biomedcentral.com)
Mesophilic4
Odoribacter splanchnicus 1651/6 is an anaerobe, mesophilic bacterium that was isolated from abdominal abscess. (dsmz.de)
Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum DSM 27148 is a mesophilic bacterium that was isolated from mangrove sediment. (dsmz.de)
Dark fermentation is a potential carbon neutral process for production of H 2 from organic substrates by mesophilic or thermophilic anaerobic microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Mesophilic microorganisms are not capable of producing H 2 at high yield being it reported in the range of 1-2 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Microorganisms5
The biochemistry and microbiology of the anaerobic breakdown of polymeric materials to methane and the roles of the various microorganisms involved, are discussed here. (fao.org)
A description of microorganisms involved in methane fermentation, based on an analysis of bacteria isolated from sewage sludge digesters and from the rumen of some animals, is summarized in Fig. 4-1. (fao.org)
Alternatively, processes using cellulolytic microorganisms (such as C. cellulolyticum, C. thermocellum, and C. phytofermentans) to carry out both the hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and sugar fermentation in a single step, termed 'Consolidated Bioprocessing Process (CBP)' [ 12 ] have been proposed, how-ever the development of these is still at an early stage, and again low conversion rates seem to be a major limitation that needs to be overcome. (banksolar.ru)
The cellulolytic microorganisms responsible for degradation of cellulose through the excretion of enzymes (cellulase & Cellobiase) are fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. (agriinfo.in)
Various microorganisms including fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes both aerobic and anaerobic are involved in the decomposition of hemicelluloses. (agriinfo.in)
Fermentable sugars3
These pre-treatments are designed to allow the carbohydrate portion of the biomass to be broken down into simple sugars, for example by en-zymatic hydrolysis using exogenously added cellulases to release fermentable sugars [ 12 ]. (banksolar.ru)
It gives potential opportunities for improving the efficiency of converting native lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. (biomedcentral.com)
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars represents a major challenge in global efforts to utilize renewable resources in place of fossil fuels to meet the rising energy demands [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Aerobic3
Yeast species either require oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration (obligate aerobes) or are anaerobic, but also have aerobic methods of energy production (facultative anaerobes). (lutheransatcmu.org)
The final product of aerobic decomposition is CO2 and that of anaerobic decomposition are Hydrogen, ethyl alcohol (CH4), various organic acids and carbon dioxide (CO2). (agriinfo.in)
A pale pink and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain M71 T , was isolated from the soil of a Euphrates poplar forest in Xingjiang, PR China. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Pathways2
Partial breakdown into lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 Note: Bacteria have many different pathways for carbohydrate metabolism based on the enzymes they are able to produce. (studylib.net)
Efficient growth and associated production and yield of desired products depend on the efficient sugar transport capabilities, sugar catabolism through the central carbon catabolism, and the efficient carbon flux through specific biosynthetic pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
Monosaccharides1
The aim of this study was to quantify uptake of pentose and hexose monosaccharides in an industrial substrate and to present a kinetic growth model of C. saccharolyticus that includes sugar uptake on defined and industrial media. (biomedcentral.com)
Fermentation1
Methane fermentation is a versatile biotechnology capable of converting almost all types of polymeric materials to methane and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions. (fao.org)
Metabolism1
Most anaerobic bacteria undergo hexose metabolism via the Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP) which produces pyruvate as an intermediate along with NADH. (fao.org)
Alcohols1
Some species can metabolize pentose sugars like ribose,[17] alcohols, and organic acids. (lutheransatcmu.org)
Carbon2
This sugar is the primary carbon and energy source for large-scale biotechnological processes and provides faster and optimum growth compared with other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
For a biotechnological exploitation of this bacterium for H 2 production it is crucial to understand the factors that regulate carbon and electron fluxes and therefore the final distribution of metabolites to channel the metabolic flux towards the desired product. (biomedcentral.com)
Caldicellulosiruptor1
The genus Caldicellulosiruptor , an obligatory anaerobic and extreme thermophile can produce a diverse set of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) for deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. (biomedcentral.com)
Algae1
Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
Hydrogen1
In the second stage, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria convert the higher volatile fatty acids e.g., propionic and butyric acids, produced, to H 2 , CO 2 , and acetic acid. (fao.org)
Amino1
Sugars, water-soluble nitrogenous compounds, amino acids, lipids, starches and some of the hemicellulases are decomposed first at rapid rate, while insoluble compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, proteins etc. which forms the major portion of organic matter are decomposed later slowly. (agriinfo.in)
Microbial2
When subjected to microbial decomposition, hemicelluloses degrade initially at faster rate and are first hydrolyzed to their component sugars and uronic acids. (agriinfo.in)
To investigate host specificity, we used gnotobiotic Drosophila, microbial pulse-chase protocols, and microscopy to investigate the stability of different strains of bacteria in the fly gut. (bvsalud.org)
Hydrolysis1
On hydrolysis hemicelluloses are converted into soluble monosaccharide/sugars (eg. (agriinfo.in)
Species2
Unlike bacteria, there are no known yeast species that grow only anaerobically (obligate anaerobes). (lutheransatcmu.org)
The gut is continuously invaded by diverse bacteria from the diet and the environment, yet microbiome composition is relatively stable over time for host species ranging from mammals to insects, suggesting host-specific factors may selectively maintain key species of bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
Electron1
Hexoses and pentoses are generally converted to C 2 and C 3 intermediates and to reduced electron carriers (e.g. (fao.org)
Major1
Hemicelluloses are water-soluble polysaccharides and consists of hexoses, pentoses, and uronic acids and are the major plant constituents second only in quantity of cellulose, and sources of energy and nutrients for soil microflora. (agriinfo.in)
Conditions1
The microcosms were constructed and incubated under anaerobic conditions in serum bottles with an initial N 2 headspace and were sampled every 5 days for metagenome and metatranscriptome profiles in combination with biogeochemical measurements. (frontiersin.org)
Reactions1
The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)
Potential1
On the other hand, thermophiles have shown great potential for H 2 generation, mainly because of the more favorable thermodynamics of the reaction at elevated temperatures which allows to generate a limited variety of by-products and to reach the theoretical yield of 4 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Process1
This process has the advantages of no sugar loss, few inhibitors generation and consolidated with sterilization. (biomedcentral.com)
Transport1
Among them, 97 proteins are involved in sugar transport ( Table 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)