OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
PentamidineAntiprotozoal AgentsLeishmania enriettiiMelarsoprolBenzamidinesDiminazenePneumonia, PneumocystisAmidinesTrypanocidal AgentsNebulizers and VaporizersAdministration, InhalationAir MicrobiologyTrypanosomiasis, AfricanTrypanosoma brucei gambienseAerosolsTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole CombinationApigeninAerosol PropellantsAntifungal AgentsNifurtimoxAntimony Sodium GluconateLeishmania donovaniLeishmania guyanensisLeishmania mexicanaParticle SizePneumocystisTacrine
IsethionateInhalationAmount of aerosolDrugsAirwaysPneumoniaPneumocystisPregnantRespiratoryDrugLungPatientsEffectsFreeSolutionDeliveryIsethionateSuspected Pneumocystis jiroveciRibavirinOral InhalationProphylaxisAntifungal agentNebuPentRespiratorsInterferesIntravenousNebulizerVitroTherapyAromaticAllergicLiverDoctorsPatientsToxicSide effectsStudyFormActivity
Isethionate6
  • 1990] Embryofetal effects of pentamidine isethionate administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Ribavirin (36791045) has been used to treat severe respiratory syncitial virus pneumonia in infants and children, while pentamidine-isethionate (140647) has been used for the prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis-carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Personal and area samples were collected during the administration of pentamidine- isethionate. (cdc.gov)
  • While the concentrations of aerosolized pentamidine-isethionate within the treatment chambers ranged from 63.5 to 122 micrograms/cubic meter, all of the personal samples were below the limit of quantitation. (cdc.gov)
  • Particle size analysis indicated that the mass median aerodynamic diameter of the aerosolized pentamidine-isethionate was less than 1.5 micrograms which is in the respirable range. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care workers with pentamidine-isethionate exposure often reported symptoms of mucosal or upper respiratory irritation. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation1
Amount of aerosol2
  • We therefore studied ventilator-related and nebulizer-related factors that could potentially affect the amount of aerosol inhaled by an intubated subject. (nih.gov)
  • When looking to deliver a greater amount of aerosol into airways, a mouthpiece should be used to avoid being filtered by the nose [ 5 ]. (selfdecode.com)
Drugs2
Airways1
  • Upon loading pentamidine in phospholipid vesicles, its deposition in the deeper stages significantly increased up to similar to 68%, and the median aerodynamic diameter decreased to a range between 1.4 and 1.8 mu m, suggesting a better aptitude to reach the deeper lung airways in higher amounts. (unica.it)
Pneumonia1
  • Pentamidine is an anti-infective agent that helps to treat or prevent pneumonia caused by the organism Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii). (medlineplus.gov)
Pneumocystis1
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii is a ubiquitous organism transmitted by aerosol route and causes no disease in immunocompetent patients. (msdmanuals.com)
Pregnant1
Respiratory1
  • Wear appropriate respiratory protection during activities where hazardous drug aerosols are generated. (cdc.gov)
Drug3
  • We sought to test the potential of phospholipid vesicles to improve the patient compliance and efficacy of this drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis by means of aerosol therapy. (unica.it)
  • In all, nebulization of liposome-encapsulated pentamidine improved the bioavailability of this neglected drug by a patient-friendly delivery route amenable to self-administration, paving the way for the treatment of leishmaniasis and other infections where pentamidine is active. (unica.it)
  • Two nebulizers (AeroTech II and Twin Jet) and pentamidine as the test drug were studied with fixed ventilator settings, treatment time, endotracheal tube size, and volume fill. (nih.gov)
Lung2
  • Approximately 53% of total initial pentamidine in solution reached the deeper stages of the impactor, with a median aerodynamic diameter of similar to 2.8 mu m, supporting a partial deposition on the lung alveoli. (unica.it)
  • Approximately 53% of total initial pentamidine in solution reached the deeper stages of the impactor, with a median aerodynamic diameter of ~2.8 µm, supporting a partial deposition on the lung alveoli. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Patients1
  • These medications use a nebulizer or other type of aerosol generator when given to patients. (cdc.gov)
Effects2
  • The second-line antileishmanial compound pentamidine is administered intramuscularly or, preferably, by intravenous infusion, with its use limited by severe adverse effects, including diabetes, severe hypoglycemia, myocarditis and renal toxicity. (unica.it)
  • Pentamidine may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
Free2
  • The encapsulation of pentamidine in liposomes ameliorated its activity on the amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania pifanoi, and it significantly reduced cytotoxicity on human umbilical endothelial cells, for which the concentration inhibiting 50% of cell viability was 144.2 +/- 12.7 mu M for pentamidine-containing heparin-coated liposomes vs. 59.3 +/- 4.9 mu M for free pentamidine. (unica.it)
  • The encapsulation of pentamidine in liposomes ameliorated its activity on the amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania pifanoi, and it significantly reduced cytotoxicity on human umbilical endothelial cells, for which the concentration inhibiting 50% of cell viability was 144.2 ± 12.7 µM for pentamidine-containing heparin-coated liposomes vs. 59.3 ± 4.9 µM for free pentamidine. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Solution1
  • Pentamidine comes as a solution to be inhaled using a nebulizer. (medlineplus.gov)
Delivery1
  • Use aerosol delivery devices with inspiratory and expiratory one-way valves and with an expiratory filter. (cdc.gov)
Isethionate12
  • Pentamidine Isethionate, an antifungal agent, is a nonpyrogenic lyophilized product. (nih.gov)
  • Pentamidine isethionate, 4,4'-[1,5-pentane-diylbis(oxy)]bis-benzenecarboximidamid, is a white crystalline powder soluble in water and glycerin and insoluble in ether, acetone, and chloroform. (nih.gov)
  • Each vial contains 300 mg pentamidine isethionate. (nih.gov)
  • Studies suggest that the pentamidine isethionate interferes with microbial nuclear metabolism by inhibition of DNA, RNA, phospholipid and protein synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Pentamidine isethionate, an aromatic diamidine, is known to have activity against Pneumocystis jiroveci. (nih.gov)
  • Following a single 2-hour intravenous infusion of 4 mg/kg of pentamidine isethionate to 6 AIDS patients, the mean plasma Cmax, T 1/2 and clearance were 612 ± 371 ng/mL, 6.4 ± 1.3 hr and 248 ± 91 L/hr respectively. (nih.gov)
  • In a third study, following daily administration of 600 mg of inhaled pentamidine isethionate with the Respirgard® II nebulizer for 21 days in 11 patients with acute PJP, mean plasma levels measured shortly after the 21st dose averaged 11.8 ± 10.0 ng/mL. (nih.gov)
  • Patients were randomly assigned to receive Pentamidine Isethionate via the Respirgard® II nebulizer at one of the following three doses: 30 mg every two weeks (n=135), 150 mg every two weeks (n=134) or 300 mg every four weeks (n=139). (nih.gov)
  • Concern was expressed regarding exposure to tuberculosis hazards, ventilation systems, exposure to aerosolized pentamidine-isethionate (140647) (AP) and to Mycobacterium-tuberculosis, and potential exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from UV lamps which had been purchased but not activated. (cdc.gov)
  • PCP may respond to drug therapy with cotrimoxazole or pentamidine isethionate. (health-care-tips.org)
  • What is the brand name for pentamidine isethionate and what is it used for? (freezingblue.com)
  • Dailymed pentam 300 pentamidine isethionate injection. (web.app)
Suspected Pneumocystis jiroveci1
  • In 5 AIDS patients with suspected Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), the mean concentrations of pentamidine determined 18 to 24 hours after inhalation therapy were 23.2 ng/mL (range 5.1 to 43.0 ng/mL) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and 705 ng/mL (range 140 to 1336 ng/mL) in sediment after administration of a 300 mg single dose via the Respirgard® II nebulizer. (nih.gov)
Ribavirin1
  • Supported, in part, by grants 5R01OH03945-01A1 and T42CCT610417 from alloys), methacrylates, irritant aerosolized medications (e.g., the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease pentamidine and ribavirin), and cleaning products (5, 6). (cdc.gov)
Oral Inhalation1
  • What are the 3 corticosteroids and combination products available by aerosol for oral inhalation? (freezingblue.com)
Prophylaxis2
  • The two compounds studied most extensively for prophylaxis against PCP have been trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, given orally, and pentamidine, given as an aerosol. (cdc.gov)
  • As in other rare but apparently increasingly frequent cases, everything seemed to incriminate the use of prophylactic Pentamidine aerosols, but only a prospective study of systemic versus aerosol prophylaxis can confirm this suspicion. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
Antifungal agent1
  • Pentamidine is not a typical antifungal agent and has a broad spectrum of activity that does not fit neatly into any antimicrobial class. (nih.gov)
NebuPent1
  • Pentamidine is not absorbed well by the oral route and is available in aerosol forms (300 mg) under the brand name of Nebupent and as a solution for injection under the name Pentam 300. (nih.gov)
Respirators1
Interferes1
  • Pentamidine interferes with polyamine synthesis and RNA polymerase activity, which may account for its multiorgan toxicity. (nih.gov)
Intravenous4
  • In 3 AIDS patients with suspected PJP, the mean concentrations of pentamidine determined 18 to 24 hours after a 4 mg/kg intravenous dose were 2.6 ng/mL (range 1.5 to 4.0 ng/mL) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and 9.3 ng/mL (range 6.9 to 12.8 ng/mL) in sediment. (nih.gov)
  • Plasma concentrations after aerosol administration are substantially lower than those observed after a comparable intravenous dose. (nih.gov)
  • In rats, intravenous administration of a 5 mg/kg dose resulted in concentrations of pentamidine in the liver and kidney that were 87.5 and 62.3-fold higher, respectively, than levels in those organs following 5 mg/kg administered as an aerosol. (nih.gov)
  • Pentamidine therapy is highly toxic and the side effects of intravenous therapy are often severe and can be fatal. (nih.gov)
Nebulizer3
  • Pentamidine comes as a solution to be inhaled using a nebulizer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In another study of aerosolized pentamidine in 13 AIDS patients with acute PJP who received 4 mg/kg/day administered via the Ultra Vent® jet nebulizer, peak plasma levels of pentamidine averaged 18.8 ± 11.9 ng/mL after the first dose. (nih.gov)
  • Our therapists have given over 800 pentamidine nebulizer treatments last year to both inpatients and outpatients. (nih.gov)
Vitro1
  • In vitro , emitted aerosol metrics are unaffected at flow rates above 10 L/min. (nih.gov)
Therapy4
  • Pentamidine is relatively toxic and therapy requires careful monitoring. (nih.gov)
  • Pentamidine has been associated with transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and with rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury. (nih.gov)
  • Pentamidine is also an alternative, second line therapy for leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. (nih.gov)
  • The therapists support these areas by delivering exceptional care to patients requiring routine respiratory therapy such as oxygen administration, aerosol therapy, non invasive ventilatory support. (nih.gov)
Aromatic1
  • Pentamidine (pen tam' i deen) is an aromatic diamine that is active against a broad spectrum of infectious agents. (nih.gov)
Allergic1
Liver2
  • Pentamidine is not very well tolerated, but its major toxicities are not hepatic, and the predominance of these other dose limiting toxicities may be the reason that liver injury is not more common. (nih.gov)
  • Pentamidine has not been associated with fatal acute liver failure or chronic liver injury. (nih.gov)
Doctors1
  • This report in MMWR alerted the medical and public treatment or pentamidine treatment, doctors health communities to other unusual cases of PCP. (nih.gov)
Patients2
  • In the patients who received aerosolized pentamidine, the peak plasma levels of pentamidine were at or below the lower limit of detection of the assay (2.3 ng/mL). (nih.gov)
  • Our Section maintains a Pentamidine laboratory that provides aerosolized pentamidine treatments to immunosuppressed patients for the prevention of pneumonia. (nih.gov)
Toxic1
Side effects1
Study1
Form1
Activity1
  • Pentamidine has a broad spectrum of activity against several cestodes, trematodes and protozoan parasites such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba. (nih.gov)