• Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), or furans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins Polychlorinated dibenzofurans Polychlorinated biphenyls 1,4-dioxin Dioxins have different toxicity depending on the number and position of the chlorine atoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are 135 possible dibenzofurans, and 10 in which the lateral chlorines are dioxin-like. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (cPCBs) [coplanar] are similar classes of chlorinated aromatic chemicals that are produced as contaminants or byproducts. (cdc.gov)
  • Levels and congener profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sheep milk from an industrialised area of Sardinia, Italy. (uniba.it)
  • Concentrations of 7 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 10 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and 22 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including 12 dioxin like-PCBs (non- and mono-ortho PCBs) were measured in 80 sheep milk samples from farms located in an industrialized area of Sardinia, Italy. (uniba.it)
  • The requesters asked NIOSH to assess employee exposures to chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs), including chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), chlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), certain pesticides (e.g., hexachlorobenzene [HCB]), and chlorine, all generated as byproducts during magnesium production at the U.S. Magnesium plant in Rowley, Utah. (cdc.gov)
  • Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), often associated with dioxins (PCDDs), are not industrially produced as such but found as impurities in some heavy chlorinated chemicals and as by-products of combustion (from wastes, coal, petroleum products, wood. (eurochlor.org)
  • Polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), commonly known as dioxins, are pollutants that are mostly generated by human activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) content of the fly ash were investigated following combustion. (aaqr.org)
  • The aim of this study was to determine whether a combustion process (open burning) on an unsanitary landfill produces polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), for which several media were analysed (smoked air, landfill soil, and lake sediment). (irb.hr)
  • Indoor air - Part 13 : determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) - Collection on sorbent-backed filters. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • 适用范围: ISO 16000-13:2008 specifies sampling and preparation of sampling media for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCD. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • Internal exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) of Bavarian chimney sweeps. (monz.pl)
  • Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are formed during waste incineration and in waste-to-energy boilers. (chalmers.se)
  • They are mostly by-products of burning or various industrial processes or, in the case of dioxin-like PCBs and PBBs, unwanted minor components of intentionally produced mixtures. (wikipedia.org)
  • TEFs exist for seven congeners of dioxins, ten furans and twelve PCBs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Incidents of contamination with PCBs are often reported as dioxin contamination incidents since these are of most public and regulatory concern. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furans (or PCDFs) have an oxygen atom forming a five membered ring (the furan) between the two benzenes of PCBs. (powershow.com)
  • On average farmed salmon have 16 times the dioxin-like PCBs found in wild salmon, 4 times the levels in beef, and 3.4 times the dioxin-like PCBs found in other seafood. (ewg.org)
  • EU) 2023/915 addresses dozens of impurities from plant alkaloids and heavy metals to dioxins and PCBs. (measurlabs.com)
  • Since milk is one of the most essential human nutritional resources, the present study aims at determining dioxins and PCBs in raw milk samples from four farms in North of Iran and raw and pasteurized samples from three farms and five dairy factories in Vicinity of Tehran (capital of Iran). (ac.ir)
  • Total toxic equivalence (TEQ) of dioxin and PCBs have been determined, using the DR-CALUX® bioassay. (ac.ir)
  • Results reveal that all samples are contaminated with dioxins and PCBs, comparatively. (ac.ir)
  • The total dioxins and PCBs levels in raw milk samples from the north range from 4.08 to 0.97 pg/gfat and for the raw samples and pasteurized samples from Tehran Province from 1.89 to 0.63 pg/gfat and 0.1 to 0.03 pg/gfat, respectively. (ac.ir)
  • The mean concentration of dioxins/PCBs is higher in samples from the north of Iran. (ac.ir)
  • Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in buffalo milk from the Campania region (Italy): Decreasing trend and baseline assessment over 10 years (2008-2018). (ac.ir)
  • Levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in raw cow's milk collected in France in 2006. (ac.ir)
  • Levels and congener profiles of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like pcbs in certain egyptian cow's milk farms. (ac.ir)
  • The contaminated rice bran oil had a high concentration of PCBs and dioxin-like compounds. (sekimo.com)
  • The cause was the accidental release of PCBs and PCDFs into rice bran oil. (sekimo.com)
  • Evidence from laboratory animal studies and biomedical reports shows that PCBs and PCDFs can cause severe health effects. (sekimo.com)
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a type of dioxin. (sekimo.com)
  • They included levels of dioxins, PCDFs and PCBs in human milk gathered under the SCOOP/EU/RIVM project. (who.int)
  • The concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs were converted to WHO-TEQs relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), based on toxic equivalency factors as recommended by WHO (31). (who.int)
  • Another group of chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ), are also very similar to dioxins and furans. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Levels of PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs in human milk and blood : second round of quality control studies / edited by Erkki J. Yrjänheikki. (who.int)
  • Together with the PCDDs and PCDFs, cPCBs are often referred to as "dioxin-like" chemicals because they act in the body through a similar mechanism. (cdc.gov)
  • PCDDs and PCDFs mean concentrations were 2.45 and 3.69 pg g−1 fat basis, respectively. (uniba.it)
  • The blood sample results of the workers revealed that levels of PCDDs and PCDFs were well below levels reported in association with observable health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • The emissions from incinerators and industrial plants contain various substances classed as certain or suspected carcinogens: metals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polycyclic aromatics (PCA), dioxins (PCDDs and PCDFs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are 17 extremely toxic dioxins and furans. (powershow.com)
  • 2001) Communication from the commission to the couancil, the European parliament and the economic and social committe community strategy for dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls. (ac.ir)
  • Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs): contamination in food, humans and dietary exposure. (ac.ir)
  • Dioxins and furans are two very similar groups of polyhalogenated compounds that are well-known toxic and persistent pollutants. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Often the term "dioxins" refers to both dioxins and furans. (sourcewatch.org)
  • [1] This family includes seven of the polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs) and ten of the polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs). (sourcewatch.org)
  • [3] Dioxins and furans are both included in Annex C in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, which means that "parties must take measures to reduce the unintentional releases of chemicals listed under Annex C with the goal of continuing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination. (sourcewatch.org)
  • According to the EPA, dioxins and furans enter the environment from the incineration of municipal waste and medical waste, secondary copper smelting, forest fires, land application of sewage sludge , cement kilns, coal fired power plants, residential wood burning, chlorine bleaching of wood pulp, and perhaps backyard burning of household waste. (sourcewatch.org)
  • 1992) found that the temperature for the formation of PCDD/Fs in municipal waste combustors ranged from 200 to 400°C. Aurell and Marklund (2009) stated that the dioxin formation pathways are not fully understood, but they are believed to be formed by heterogeneous reactions occurring in the post-combustion zone of the incinerator. (aaqr.org)
  • 2015) noted that fly ash is important in the formation of PCDD/Fs and dioxins also concentrate in the fly ash collected from the baghouse. (aaqr.org)
  • The results of this preliminary study point to the need of implementing a continuous long-term monitoring of PCDD/PCDFs in the landfill surrounding environment. (irb.hr)
  • Bestimmung der Summe gasf?rmiger und partikelgebundener dioxin-?hnlicher Biphenyle (PCB) und polychlorierter Dibenzo-p-dioxine/Dibenzofurane (PCDD/PCDF). (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • The PCP was contaminated with dioxin and furan (PCDD/PCDFs). (archimedesnz.com)
  • Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are a group of chemical compounds that are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because dioxins refer to such a broad class of compounds that vary widely in toxicity, the concept of toxic equivalency factor (TEF) has been developed to facilitate risk assessment and regulatory control. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dioxins are a group of chemically related compounds that are persistent environmental pollutants. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the environment, these dioxin-like chemicals are persistent and usually occur as a mixture of congeners (i.e., compounds that differ by the numbers and positions of chlorine atoms attached to the dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, or biphenyl structures). (cdc.gov)
  • The most toxic of these compounds, which persist in the environment and bioaccumulate, is 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2006, the National Research Council committee in charge of revising the EPA draft Reassessment of the risks of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds , unanimously concluded, based on the updating of carcinogen risk assessment guidelines, that TCDD should be classified "at least" as "likely to be carcinogenic to humans" [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Title: In Utero Exposure to Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds and Anogenital Distance in. (moam.info)
  • The article presents the scope of problems associated with dioxins - chemical compounds commonly occurring in the environment of human life. (monz.pl)
  • The term dioxins covers the group of organic chemical compounds including polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and benzofurans. (monz.pl)
  • These compounds show a number of hazardous biological effects, therefore, the objective of the study was analysis of the available literature and highlighting the current problem - the presence of dioxins in food. (monz.pl)
  • Dioxins have the ability of long-term accumulation in the body, leading to the violation of various homeostatic mechanisms responsible for the adaptation of the organism to the environment, and the effects produced by these compounds may manifest themselves even in the second generation. (monz.pl)
  • High levels of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the food and their adverse effects on human health are of increasing concern. (ac.ir)
  • Assessment of dioxin-like compounds released from Iranian industries and municipalities. (ac.ir)
  • Since the health concerns peaks of the late 90's, the dioxin and related compounds issue has evolved in most of the developed countries. (fil-idf.org)
  • Dioxin and Related Compounds. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Interim Policy Guideline: Dioxin and Dioxin-like compounds in soil. (veteransinfo.org)
  • Brominated dioxins and biphenyls have similar properties, but they have been studied much less. (wikipedia.org)
  • AH receptors are identified by their high-affinity binding to several carcinogenic or teratogenic environmental chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in cigarette smoke and smog, heterocyclic amines found in cooked foods, and halogenated hydrocarbons including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. (lookformedical.com)
  • 1990s better dioxin control from incineration. (powershow.com)
  • The incineration of municipal solid or medical waste is prone to high dioxins emissions. (aaqr.org)
  • The emissions of dioxins to the atmosphere from incineration systems must be decreased, and, typically, the dioxins produced from incinerators are captured by the air pollution control division (APCD) and remain in the fly ash. (aaqr.org)
  • Dioxin is formed as a by-product of many industrial processes that involve chlorine including waste incineration, chemical and pesticide manufacturing and pulp and paper bleaching. (sourcewatch.org)
  • The reference congener is the most toxic dioxin TCDD which per definition has a TEF of one. (wikipedia.org)
  • In essence, multiplying the amount of a particular congener with its TEF produces the amount toxicologically equivalent to TCDD, and after this conversion all dioxin-like congeners can be summed up, and the resulting toxicity equivalent quantity (TEQ) gives an approximation of toxicity of the mixture measured as TCDD. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified TCDD as a Group I carcinogen on the basis of limited evidence in humans, sufficient evidence in animals and the consideration that the Ah receptor, through which dioxin acts, is present in both humans and animals [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Does maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induce glutathion S-transferase -positive hepatic foci in adult rats? (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
  • Dioxin is an organochlorine contaminant where one or more chlorine atoms are attached to carbon atoms. (archimedesnz.com)
  • The operating conditions and pollution control devices are key factors for controlling dioxin emissions. (aaqr.org)
  • In 2010, a test found 65.97 TEQ of dioxins in the sewage sludge -based "compost" product Amend , made by Kellogg Garden Products . (sourcewatch.org)
  • In 2003, the EPA announced that it would not regulate dioxins in sewage sludge applied to land as fertilizer, even when used on farms and gardens where food is grown. (sourcewatch.org)
  • To us that says EPA should keep dioxins out of our food, and that means, among other things, regulating sewage sludge. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Dioxins are highly toxic and can cause reproductive and developmental problems, damage the nervous and immune systems, interfere with hormones, and also cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Owing to the highly toxic potential of dioxins, efforts need to be undertaken to reduce current background exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are 75 possible congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, but only 7 of them have affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AH receptor) and are toxic via this mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
  • And the EPA is required by law to protect the public from toxic pollutants like dioxins. (sourcewatch.org)
  • The WHO 2005 -TEQ ratios of PCDDs to PCDFs at both sites were less than unity, indicating that PCDF dominated the total toxicity. (aaqr.org)
  • The total toxicity of dioxin, including those in the fly and bottom ash, can be reduced by 88-95% after combustion. (aaqr.org)
  • But this is to be expected as dioxin contamination is a serious issue for the people and communities living near the contamination. (archimedesnz.com)
  • In these regards, prevention or reduction of human exposure and a strict control of industrial processes to reduce formation of dioxins are warranted. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is not clear whether environmental exposure to dioxin affects the general population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study supports the association between modelled dioxin exposure and sarcoma risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to its rapid transfer to the food chain, the key to reduce human exposure to PCDDs/PCDFs is to reduce the releases into the environment. (fil-idf.org)
  • is the largest source for dioxin exposure in the nation after backyard trash burning . (sourcewatch.org)
  • The EPA itself has said that the non-cancer risks of dioxins are so high that it can't even calculate a 'safe' or acceptable level of exposure. (sourcewatch.org)
  • 1977 -85 Engineers argue that dioxin problem solved by running incinerator furnaces at high temps. (powershow.com)
  • All waste incinerators and industrial sources of airborne dioxin in the Province of Venice were taken into account, as was one very large municipal waste incinerator outside the area but close to its boundaries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to reduce the dioxin content of fly ash from an incinerator by thermal treatment. (aaqr.org)
  • Sampling, monitoring and source tracking of dioxins in the environment of an incinerator in the Netherlands. (ac.ir)
  • The aim of this research is to evaluate sarcoma risk in relation to the environmental pollution caused by dioxin emitted by waste incinerators and industrial sources of airborne dioxin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Grochowalski A, Chrząszcz R. Determination of PCDFs/PCDDs in ambient air from. (monz.pl)
  • Experimental bioremediation cells using Poplar in combination with soil microorganisms to degrade dioxin. (archimedesnz.com)
  • A document based on replies to IDF questionnaire 3002/SCRCC - Dioxin/PCB levels in milk. (fil-idf.org)
  • Through regulation and voluntary efforts, releases of dioxin to the environment, and particularly where milk is concerned, have been dramatically reduced. (fil-idf.org)
  • The epidemiological evidence in humans was taken from 4 cohort studies carried out on subjects occupationally exposed to high levels of dioxin and from a study on the resident population of Seveso (Milan, Italy). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This award winning 1984 documentary classic, re-released on DVD, is loaded with new bonus interviews: class action update, eye witness accounts from Vietnam, dioxin problem solving, U.S. veterans today, and more. (veteransinfo.org)
  • The general population is exposed to low levels of these dioxin-like chemicals primarily through ingestion of high-fat foods, such as dairy products, eggs, and animal fats, and some fish and wildlife. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of high PBDD/Fs levels and dioxin-like activity in toys using a combination of GC-HRMS, rat-based and human-based DR CALUX® reporter gene assays. (ac.ir)
  • [2] At very low levels, dioxin can change the way cells grow and develop. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Dioxins are extremely stable and consequently tend to accumulate in the food chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dioxins are found throughout the world in the environment, and they accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the fatty tissue of animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dioxins accumulate in animal fat. (powershow.com)
  • Dioxins steadily accumulate in human body fat. (powershow.com)
  • Scientists claim that one form of dioxin causes cancer in humans. (sourcewatch.org)
  • In one day a grazing cow puts as much dioxin into its body as a human being would get in 14 years of breathing (McLachlan, 1995)! (powershow.com)
  • The two main routes through which dioxins enter the food chain and human diet are the following: air-plants-animals and water-sediments-fish. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dioxin" can also refer to 1,4-dioxin or p-dioxin, the basic chemical unit of the more complex dioxins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Kopeopeo Canal runs to the right of the commercial area in the centre of the photo and historically received dioxin-contaminated run off from the saw mill to the left. (archimedesnz.com)
  • The amount of residual carbon in the fly ash is strongly correlated with the dioxin content of the fly ash collected from the baghouse. (aaqr.org)
  • [4] According to the President's Cancer Panel, published in May 2010, dioxins are strongly linked to lung cancer, non-hodgkin lymphoma, and soft tissue sarcoma. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Biggest source of dioxin is from food, particularly animal fat. (powershow.com)
  • Dioxins are virtually insoluble in water but have a relatively high solubility in lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The seventeen PCDDs/PCDFs, and three cPCBs were measured in serum by gas chromatography/isotope-dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/ID-HRMS). (cdc.gov)
  • Assessment of the Health Risk of Dioxins: Re- evaluation of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). (veteransinfo.org)
  • In order to prevent the negative effects of dioxins on live organisms it is necessary to implement effective methods of monitoring and surveillance, and systematically conduct widely understood, multi-directional research. (monz.pl)