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Invasive pneumococcal diseaseIsolatesAntibioticPathogenCephalosporinsSerotypeGenesBacterialSusceptiblePotassiumBacteriaNeonatalMeningitisClinicalAntibioticsHighFoundPneumococcal isolatesAntimicrobial resistanceSerotypesBacteriaMacrolide resistanceStrainsGenomeClonesErmBSignificantlyTypesStudyHigh levelPatients
Invasive pneumococcal disease1
  • Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae types not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has increased, including a penicillin- and meropenem-resistant serotype 15A-ST63 clone in Japan. (cdc.gov)
Isolates9
  • During 2013-2017, we collected 206 invasive pneumococcal isolates in Taiwan for penicillin and meropenem susceptibility testing. (cdc.gov)
  • All 15B/C-ST83 isolates showed an ermB macrolide resistance genotype. (cdc.gov)
  • Multidrug resistance (to three or more drug classes) was widespread among isolates in this sub-lineage. (cdc.gov)
  • We show that the CC63 lineage is globally distributed and most of the isolates are penicillin non-susceptible, and thus should be monitored. (cdc.gov)
  • Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing employing low range agar diffusion and PBP2x variants were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • The emm43.4/PBP2x-T553K variant, comprised of two isolates, displayed the most significant phenotype (ampicillin MIC 0.25 g/ml) and harbored missense mutations within 3 non-PBP genes with known involvement in antibiotic efflux, membrane insertion of PBP2x, and peptidoglycan remodeling. (cdc.gov)
  • The predominant lineage (emm4/PBP2x-M593T/ermT) was resistant to macrolides/lincosamides and comprised 129/340 (37.9%) of isolates with elevated -lactam MICs. (cdc.gov)
  • Two isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae having different optochin susceptibilities were recovered from a blood sample of a 2-year-old boy with community-acquired pneumonia. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • The two isolates were documented to belong to a single clone on the basis of the isolates' identical serotype (23F), antibiograms by the E-test, random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns generated by arbitrarily primed PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis , and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the penicillin-binding protein genes pbp2b and pbp2x. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
Antibiotic2
  • Other named constituents of natural Penicillium, such as penicillin A, were subsequently found not to have antibiotic activity and are not chemically related to antibiotic penicillins. (wikipedia.org)
  • There also is a need to monitor for potential adverse consequences of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (e.g., emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance or increased incidence or severity of non-GBS neonatal pathogens). (cdc.gov)
Pathogen2
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that causes bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing disease in both animals and humans, and the emergence of increasingly resistant bacteria to antimicrobial agents has become a significant challenge globally. (mdpi.com)
Cephalosporins1
Serotype2
  • Meropenem resistance seen in the S. pneumoniae 15A-ST63 clone in Japan was thought to be due to acquisition of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1a (type 13) via recombination with a formerly predominant global serotype 19A-ST320 vaccine strain ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae has led to serotype replacement by non-vaccine serotypes, including serotype 15A. (cdc.gov)
Genes1
  • We analysed the genomic sequences to identify serotypes and penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genes 1A, 2B and 2X, and other resistance determinants, to predict minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial2
Susceptible2
  • All known group A streptococci [GAS] are susceptible to -lactam antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
  • We recently identified an invasive GAS (iGAS) variant (emm43.4/PBP2x-T553K) with unusually high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ampicillin and amoxicillin, although clinically susceptible to -lactams. (cdc.gov)
Potassium1
Bacteria1
Neonatal2
  • Fleming's student Cecil George Paine was the first to successfully use penicillin to treat eye infection (neonatal conjunctivitis) in 1930. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1970s, the bacterium group B Streptococcus (GBS) emerged as the leading infectious cause of early neonatal morbidity and mortality in the United States ( 1--4 ). (cdc.gov)
Meningitis1
Clinical3
  • Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by P. chrysogenum using deep tank fermentation and then purified. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of natural penicillins have been discovered, but only two purified compounds are in clinical use: penicillin G (intramuscular or intravenous use) and penicillin V (given by mouth). (wikipedia.org)
  • Continuing -lactam selective pressure is likely to have selected PBP2x variants that had escaped scrutiny due to MICs that remain below clinical cutoffs. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotics2
  • Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Invasive Group A Streptococcal Penicillin Binding Protein 2× Variants Associated with Reduced Susceptibility to β-Lactam Antibiotics in the United States, 2015-2021. (cdc.gov)
High2
  • A transformation study confirmed that penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2b was the primary meropenem resistance determinant, and PBP1a was essential for high-level resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Of note, 35B and 15A have high-level β-lactam resistance ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Found1
  • We found serotypes 15B/C-ST83 and 15A-ST63 were the most prevalent penicillin- and meropenem-resistant clones. (cdc.gov)
Pneumococcal isolates4
  • [ 14 ] Pneumococcal isolates carrying both ermB and mefA genes show resistance to multiple antimicrobials in addition to a high level of resistance to macrolides. (medscape.com)
  • Increasing prevalence of pneumococcal isolates with macrolide resistance is due to increased consumption of antimicrobial agents and the clonal spread of resistant strains. (medscape.com)
  • [ 22 , 28 ] A recent surveillance study by the Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network performed during 2000-2011 showed that erythromycin resistance in pneumococcal isolates has been steadily increasing both in isolates with PCV13 and non-PCV13 serotypes, since the introduction of PCV7 in 2001 and PCV13 in 2010. (medscape.com)
  • During 2013-2017, we collected 206 invasive pneumococcal isolates in Taiwan for penicillin and meropenem susceptibility testing. (cdc.gov)
Antimicrobial resistance2
  • BACKGROUND: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance profile vary across different geographic locations affecting disease patterns in newborns. (cdc.gov)
  • The samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing, molecular serotyping, cluster analysis and identification of antimicrobial resistance genes. (bvsalud.org)
Serotypes1
  • We found serotypes 15B/C-ST83 and 15A-ST63 were the most prevalent penicillin- and meropenem-resistant clones. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria2
Macrolide resistance5
  • The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in the United States showed that the rate of macrolide resistance has increased from 17.8% in 1998 to 44.8% in 2011. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] In a survey performed between 2004 and 2005 in 15 European countries, macrolide resistance rate among isolates from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections was 24.6%, ranging from 6.9% in Norway to 57.1% in Greece. (medscape.com)
  • [ 13 ] However, many Asian countries showed much higher rates of macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae isolates than in the western part of the world. (medscape.com)
  • The prevalence of macrolide resistance has been persistently high in many parts of the world despite of PCV7 or PCV13 vaccination. (medscape.com)
  • All 15B/C-ST83 isolates showed an ermB macrolide resistance genotype. (cdc.gov)
Strains1
  • The latter, causing ceftriaxone resistance in the internationally spreading FC428 clone, has now also spread to the more antimicrobial-susceptible genomic lineage B, showing that strains across the gonococcal phylogeny can develop ceftriaxone resistance. (bvsalud.org)
Genome2
  • Out of 225 GBS isolates, 121 GBS were recovered, confirmed and characterized at CDC's Streptococcus Laboratory using conventional microbiology methods and whole genome sequencing. (cdc.gov)
  • Prediction analysis of recombination sites revealed 12 recombination regions in 15B/C-ST83 compared with the S. pneumoniae Spain 23F -ST81 genome. (cdc.gov)
Clones1
ErmB1
  • [ 21 ] In the United States, ermB -mediated resistance is also increasing recently, resulting in approximately equal in prevalence of mefA - and ermB -mediated resistance. (medscape.com)
Significantly3
  • [ 14-17 ] According to the Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) study, the overall rate of erythromycin resistance in Asian countries significantly increased from 46.1% in 1996-1997 to 72.7% in 2008-2009. (medscape.com)
  • According to the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption project in 1998-2004 and antimicrobial surveillance study in 15 European countries in 2004-2005, macrolide use is significantly associated with increased prevalence of erythromycin resistance and MDR in S. pneumoniae . (medscape.com)
  • In addition, in a randomized, blinded study, mice oral challenged with Pg and Aa after intranasal immunization with Pg OMVs and Aa OMVs had significantly decreased numbers of both microorganisms compared to mock-immunized mice. (bvsalud.org)
Types1
  • Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae types not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has increased, including a penicillin- and meropenem-resistant serotype 15A-ST63 clone in Japan. (cdc.gov)
Study1
  • A transformation study confirmed that penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2b was the primary meropenem resistance determinant, and PBP1a was essential for high-level resistance. (cdc.gov)
High level1
  • Of note, 35B and 15A have high-level β-lactam resistance ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Patients1
  • Ten percent of the population claims penicillin allergies but because the frequency of positive skin test results decreases by 10% with each year of avoidance, 90% of these patients can eventually tolerate penicillin. (wikipedia.org)