Penicillin ResistancePenicillinsPenicillin GStreptococcus pneumoniaePenicillin-Binding ProteinsMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidasePenicillin VPeptidyl TransferasesHexosyltransferasesPneumococcal InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsDrug Resistance, MicrobialDrug Resistance, BacterialPoint MutationPenicillin G ProcaineMutationPenicillinaseMutation, MissensePenicillin AmidaseNeisseria gonorrhoeaeLactamsAminoacyltransferasesBacterial ProteinsPenicillin G BenzathineDrug ResistanceSerotypingCarrier ProteinsDrug Resistance, MultipleDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialErythromycinTransformation, Bacterialbeta-LactamasesMolecular Sequence DataAmpicillinMacrolidesStreptococcal Infectionsbeta-LactamsCefotaximeOxacillinTetracyclineNasopharynxFrameshift MutationStreptococcusPneumococcal VaccinesBase SequenceDNA, BacterialGenes, BacterialTransformation, GeneticPolymerase Chain ReactionDrug Resistance, NeoplasmPlasmidsMoraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalisPneumonia, PneumococcalAmino Acid SequenceR FactorsStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcusGerm-Line MutationEscherichia coliDrug Resistance, ViralElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldCarrier StateDisease ResistanceRespiratory Tract InfectionsNeisseria meningitidisSpainPedigreeCommunity-Acquired InfectionsVascular ResistanceHaemophilus influenzaeCephalosporinsSequence Analysis, DNACulture MediaGenotypePeptidoglycan GlycosyltransferaseBacteriaDNA FingerprintingMolecular EpidemiologyBacteremiabeta-Lactam ResistanceMutation RateSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidasePhenotypeAmino Acid SubstitutionAllelesTetracycline ResistanceExonsHeterozygoteMutagenesis, Site-DirectedAmpicillin ResistanceDNA Mutational AnalysisBacterial Typing TechniquesPeptidoglycanMutagenesisCloning, MolecularStreptomycinDNA PrimersCeftriaxonePolymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational