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Characterization and Interpolation of Sediment PCBs and PBDEs in Resident Killer Whale Habitat along the Coast of The northeastern Pacific Northern and Southern Resident Killer Whale (NRKW and SRKW) (Orcinus orca) populations are listed as threatened and endangered in Canada, respectively, with persistent, bioaccumulative contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) posing threats to their recovery. (wwu.edu)
Concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in subtidal surface sediments collected from 97 sites along the British Columbia (BC) coast were used to identify their distribution and profiles, and to assess killer whale habitat quality. (wwu.edu)
Our findings suggest that the legacy of banned PCBs and PBDEs is likely to constrain the recovery of killer whales as a result of their mobilization from sediments and consequent uptake by marine food webs. (wwu.edu)
Aquatic animals can be exposed to PCBs and PBDEs through two routes: uptake across the body surface (e.g., gills and/or epidermis), and dietary uptake through the digestive tract ( Bjork, 1995 ). (frontiersin.org)

Very little is known about the health effects of PBDEs in people, but results from some studies suggested an association between PBDE exposure and altered neurodevelopment. (cdc.gov)
The primary route of exposure to PBDEs for the general population of the United States is from ingestion of contaminated dust in indoor environments, including both personal residences and work-place environments. (cdc.gov)
ingestion of soil can lead to higher PBDEs exposure. (cdc.gov)
The primary route of exposure for the PBDEs can enter the body from food, PBDEs in fat tissue, blood, and breast for general population is from ingestion of water, air, and soil. (cdc.gov)
major route of exposure to PBDEs. (cdc.gov)
More research is needed to assess the human health effects of exposure to PBDEs and PBBs. (cdc.gov)
In the Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (Fourth Report) , CDC scientists measured ten different PBDEs in the blood serum (the clear portion of blood) of at least 1,985 participants aged 12 years and older who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2003-2004. (cdc.gov)
Over time, exposure to PBDE flame retardants should decline in the United States as production of two types of PBDEs were voluntarily discontinued by December 2004 and the last type is planned for phase-out in 2013. (wa.gov)
For a technical report on how Americans are exposed to PBDEs, see EPA's Exposure Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers . (wa.gov)
It is not known if exposure to PBDEs through nursing can cause health problems in children. (wa.gov)
How do I prevent exposure to PBDEs? (wa.gov)
Cleaning - PBDEs in indoor dust is one of the primary sources of people's exposure. (wa.gov)
Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) through food and indoor dust ingestion was assessed for 19 Belgian adults. (uantwerpen.be)
When compared with estimates of exposure via both dietary and indoor dust ingestion for Americans, the exposures reported here are consistent with the hypothesis that the difference between European and American body burdens of PBDEs is attributable primarily to greater exposure via dust ingestion for Americans. (uantwerpen.be)
A retrospective exposure assessment among the general population for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was conducted using dietary surveys. (elsevierpure.com)
In consideration of the significant increases in the serum concentration, inhalation may be more important than food ingestion as the route of human exposure to PBDEs. (elsevierpure.com)
The Center previously linked exposure to PBDEs with attention problems and lower scores on tests of mental and physical development in children. (mybestmedicine.com)
This finding is reflected in the human exposure to PBDEs and HBCDs through eel consumption. (inbo.be)
Today, novel FRs such as Firemaster® 550, a mixture that contains two brominated compounds, EH-TBB and BEH-TEBP are used as replacements for PBDEs in some applications, and there is a need to develop a comprehensive analytical method to assess exposure to both legacy PBDEs and novel FRs. (rice.edu)
Furthermore, 2,4,6-TBP was positively correlated with PBDEs, suggesting that they may have a similar source of exposure, or that 2,4,6-TBP may result from metabolism of PBDEs in vivo. (rice.edu)
Recent research on animals has shown that exposure to low levels of PBDEs can cause permanent neurological and developmental damage including deficits in learning, memory and hearing, changes in behavior, and delays in sensory-motor development. (ewg.org)
His PhD thesis was to research occupational and dietary exposure to certain pollutants, with special emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a type of flame retardant. (cdc.gov)
This happened after CDC data on human exposure to PBDEs showed 10 times higher levels in Americans compared with people in most European nations. (cdc.gov)

Various food items, including fish, meat, and dairy products, have been shown to contain low concentrations of PBDEs. (cdc.gov)
The concentrations of PBDEs in human blood, breast milk, and body fat indicate that most people are exposed to low levels of these substances. (cdc.gov)
Seals from Gertrude Island had the highest PCB and PBDE concentrations, although spatial variation was less pronounced for PBDEs. (cascadiaresearch.org)
Increasing concentrations of PBDEs were detected in the environment in past decades as their use as commercial flame retardants increased. (helcom.fi)
Therefore, decaBDE is found only in low concentrations in fish, in contrast to lower-brominated PBDEs, which are more commonly found in marine organisms. (helcom.fi)
Total PCB and PBDE concentrations at 100% and 34% of the sites, respectively, exceeded the recently adopted British Columbia's Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy (BCMoE) Working Sediment Quality Guidelines (WSQGs) (PCBs: 3.7 pg/g dw and PBDEs: 1,000 pg/g dw), considered protective of killer whales. (wwu.edu)
Sediment concentrations of PBDEs were available from four locations and were used to compare the PBDE profile with those in eel. (inbo.be)
No significant correlation could be found between concentrations of PBDEs in eel and sediment from the same location. (inbo.be)
Sediments BDE (28, 47, and 183) were detected in both stations at concentrations lower than Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines for PBDEs Environment Canada (150 ng/g) and European Union (310 ng/g). (edu.ng)
Of the PBDEs quantified, only decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) pre- and post-fire serum concentrations were statistically significantly higher than the general population. (cdc.gov)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame-retardant chemicals that were added to plastics and foam products to make them difficult to burn. (cdc.gov)
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardant chemicals added to products so they won't catch fire or burn so easily if they are exposed to flame or high heat. (wa.gov)
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, or PBDEs, are flame retardant chemicals used in all kinds of household consumer products. (environmentreport.org)
Since the phase-out of PBDEs, we have begun to detect other flame-retardant chemicals in children, which are likely being used as replacements. (mybestmedicine.com)

consumer products such as computers and televisions treated with PBDEs can continue to release these substances to air over time. (cdc.gov)
March 2017 treated with PBDEs can continue to the body and preferential y to fat tissue. (cdc.gov)

Pooled yellow eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) samples, consisting of 3-10 eels, from 50 locations collected in the period 2000-2006 were used to assess the pollution with PBDEs and HBCDs in Flemish waters (Belgium). (inbo.be)
Covaci, A. / Spatial variations in the levels and isomeric patterns of PBDEs and HBCDs in the European eel in Flanders . (inbo.be)
This study developed a solid-phase extraction (SPE)-based method to analyze PBDEs, OH-BDEs, 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP), hexabromocylcododecane isomers (HBCDs), EH-TBB, and BEH-TEBP in human serum. (rice.edu)
red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii) collected from Lake Trasimeno (Italy) were analyzed to assess polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) contamination. (unipg.it)
All the samples were analyzed by an in-house developed analytical procedure involving a single sample preparation with dual detection: Gas- and Liquid-Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS for PBDEs and LC-MS/MS for HBCDs). (unipg.it)
Peculiar was the contamination in red swamp crayfish characterized by negligible PBDEs and very high HBCDs levels with a singular contamination pattern. (unipg.it)

Changes of accumulation profiles from PBDEs to brominated and chlorinated alternatives in marine mammals from the South China Sea. (crossref.org)
Urine samples were analyzed for OPFR metabolites, while serum samples were analyzed for PBDEs, brominated and chlorinated furans, and chlorinated dioxins. (cdc.gov)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are man-made chemicals found in plastics used in a variety of consumer products to make them difficult to burn. (cdc.gov)
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) belong to a class of chemicals that are added to certain manufactured products in order to reduce the chances that the products will catch on fire. (cdc.gov)
By measuring PBDEs and PBBs in blood serum scientists can estimate the amounts of these chemicals that have entered people's bodies. (cdc.gov)
Finding measurable amounts of PBDEs and/or PBBs in serum does not imply that the levels of these chemicals cause an adverse health effect. (cdc.gov)
A. Because brominated flame retardants (PBDEs) are toxic chemicals. (eco-novice.com)
PBDEs are indeed toxic chemicals . (eco-novice.com)
The researchers are the first to show that levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) measured in children significantly decreased over a 15-year period between 1998 and 2013, although the chemicals were present in all children tested. (mybestmedicine.com)
Manufacturers used PBDEs as the primary flame retardant chemical in furniture between 1975 and 2004 to comply with fire safety standards, with the highest use of these chemicals occurring in North America. (mybestmedicine.com)
They are comprised of a collection of chemicals and PBDEs that are chemically similar to toxic chemicals that were banned under the Stockholm Convention . (infraredsauna.com)

This study has investigated the photochemical degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and some organochlorine pesticides, such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) in hexane under UV irradiation at 254 nm. (url.edu)

The entire family of PBDEs consists of 209 possible substances that are referred to as congeners. (cdc.gov)
The biotic and abiotic debromination of highly brominated PBDEs, such as decaBDE, to these smaller forms is a possibility and justifies that monitoring is based on a broad set of congeners. (helcom.fi)
The sum of PBDEs was calculated for individual BDE congeners. (nel.edu)

The proposed studies will ultimately better inform future mechanistic and epidemiological studies investigating the potential of PBDEs and their metabolites to produce neurobehavioral / neurodevelopmental disorders. (buffalo.edu)

Lower-brominated PBDEs bio-concentrate in aquatic organisms. (cdc.gov)
Lower brominated PBDEs have not yet been tested for cancer in animals. (cdc.gov)

We don't know if PBDEs can cause cancer in people, although liver tumors developed in rats and mice that ate extremely large amounts of decaBDE throughout their lifetime. (cdc.gov)
The three commercial mixtures of PBDEs, each named for the bromination level of its dominant components, are "PentaBDE," "OctaBDE," and "DecaBDE. (sfei.org)

Sediment particle size (SPS), total organic carbon (TOC), and water depth at collection were other factors associated with the distribution of PBDEs, while PCB profiles were associated with TOC. (wwu.edu)

PBDEs are mixtures of several people around older electronic by the dose (how much), the There is no definite information on health brominated substances, each one of them equipment that can release PBDEs to the effects of PBDEs in adults. (cdc.gov)

PBDEs can accumulate in breast milk and may be transferred to breastfed babies. (wa.gov)
In the body, PBDEs are found in breast milk, blood and the blood of umbilical cords. (mountainvistaveterinary.net)

Smith Island and Gertrude Island in the USA) and analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs). (cascadiaresearch.org)
The Finnish and Russian animal species (semi-domesticated reindeer, Finnish wild moose, Baltic grey seal and Baltic herring) samples were biomonitored in terrestrial and aquatic environments for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs). (blogspot.com)

NACWA and Water Environment Federation (WEF) members worked this week to compile comments on the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry's (ATSDR) Draft Toxicological Profile for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) . (nacwa.org)

hydrophobic nature of PBDEs. (cdc.gov)
PBDEs are hydrophobic or very hydrophobic substances, that are very likely to adsorb to particulate matter and not likely to volatilize from the water phase. (helcom.fi)

PBDEs are used in hundreds of consumer products, including car seats, mattresses, pillows, electronics, furniture that contains polyurethane foam, and carpet padding, but you won't find it listed on any label. (eco-novice.com)
Due to their persistence in the environment and evidence of human health effects, pentaBDE, a specific technical mixture of PBDEs was phased out of use in couches, mattresses, carpet padding, and other upholstered products beginning in 2004. (mybestmedicine.com)

This finding may have important implications for gas-particle and gas-film partitioning, transport, and photolytic degradation of atmospheric PBDEs. (deu.edu.tr)

PBDEs have not been found in any of the 1,832 current or former National Priority List (NPL) sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
The Environmental Protection Agency indicates that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have a negative impact on your health and environment. (mountainvistaveterinary.net)

PBDEs can migrate out of flame retardant products and accumulate in indoor air, house dust, and eventually the environment. (wa.gov)
She says the report notes PBDEs migrate from foams and plastics into household dust. (environmentreport.org)

PBDEs do not break down quickly in the environment and can accumulate in the food chain. (wa.gov)
PBDEs accumulate and persist in humans and in the environment. (eco-novice.com)

People can be exposed to PBDEs and PBBs by eating contaminated foods, especially those with a high fat content, such as fatty fish. (cdc.gov)
Human health effects from PBDEs and PBBs at low environmental exposures are unknown. (cdc.gov)
Biomonitoring studies of serum PBDEs and PBBs can provide physicians and public health officials with reference values so that they can determine whether people have been exposed to higher levels of PBDEs and/or PBBs than are found in the general population. (cdc.gov)

Abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardant that persist, bioaccumulate and biomagnify in aquatic organisms with accompanied deleterious effect. (edu.ng)

In the Fourth Report , scientists found that one PBDE, BDE-47, demonstrated the highest levels of the ten different PBDEs measured in the Fourth Report . (cdc.gov)
Some of the highest levels of PBDEs have been found in the United States. (wa.gov)
Animal studies also found that PBDEs can alter thyroid and other hormone levels. (wa.gov)
Higher PBDEs levels in mothers has been associated with lower measures of intelligence, attention, and fine motor skills in their children. (wa.gov)
Atmospheric levels of 43 PCBs, 22 OCPs, and 14 PBDEs were determined in 16 cities at urban and rural sites by passive sampling to generate the first large-scale nationwide dataset of POP residues in Turkey's atmosphere. (lancs.ac.uk)
PBDEs have been shown to have endocrine-disrupting effects, in particular, on estrogen and thyroid hormone levels and functioning. (helcom.fi)
Instead, it is hypothesized that past and episodic current higher intakes of PBDEs are more important determinants of body burden than continuous background exposures at the low levels measured in this study. (uantwerpen.be)
Though levels of these flame retardants are decreasing over time, investigators found PBDEs in every child blood sample. (mybestmedicine.com)
The PBDEs levels was assessed in sediments and Crabs (Callinectes amnicola) collected from Oro-oguro (stations 1) and Orugbo (stations 2) in Epe lagoon, Nigeria. (edu.ng)
We have recently shown in a study that children have higher levels of PBDEs in the 4- to 6-years age range compared with adults," he said. (cdc.gov)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are toxic and persistent substances that bioaccumulate in the marine food web. (helcom.fi)
Smaller PBDEs molecules are more toxic and bioaccumulative than larger ones. (helcom.fi)
If PBDEs are toxic , why are they allowed in consumer products? (eco-novice.com)

You may be exposed also to PBDEs from eating foods with high fat content, such fatty fish. (cdc.gov)
PBDEs) as fatty fish. (cdc.gov)

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Formaldehyde free. (fawnandforest.com)

geometric mean concentration of PBDEs contaminated soil. (cdc.gov)
The available observations and data evaluation show that the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is high in biota (but not in sediments) compared to the threshold throughout the Baltic Sea. (helcom.fi)
The total intake of PBDEs through food and dust for each participant could not be correlated with the corresponding serum concentration. (uantwerpen.be)
The total mean concentration of PBDEs ranged from 37.77 - 67.66 ng/g) in station 2 and 1, respectively. (edu.ng)
The total PBDEs concentration was higher in station 2 (2730.67 ng/g) than station 1 (183.18 ng/g). (edu.ng)

You may be exposed to PBDEs through household dust, consumer products, and from residues in food. (wa.gov)

While federal regulators and chemical companies may hem and haw about the safety of controversial PBDEs, scientists and advocacy groups are sounding the alarm, consumers are demanding safer products, and voters are demanding change from their state legislatures. (eco-novice.com)

This study aims to characterize the enzyme- and congener-specific metabolism of PBDEs in humans and investigate qualitative and quantitative differences in metabolism which are related to genetic variability in key biotransforming enzymes. (buffalo.edu)

Results of this study documented not only potential sources of contamination in the most polluted locations, but also confirmed the lasting presence and accumulation of PBDEs in the environment. (nel.edu)

Foam products - New foam items that you purchase today are unlikely to contain PBDEs. (wa.gov)
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardant additives used in thermoplastics, polyurethane foam, and textiles. (sfei.org)
At CDC, Andreas conducts research on PBDEs, which manufacturers add to plastics and foam products to make them less flammable. (cdc.gov)

These findings reinforce the decision to phase-out PBDEs from consumer products," says senior author Julie Herbstman, PhD, associate professor of Environmental Health Sciences. (mybestmedicine.com)
These are the first findings for PBDEs in Bay fish. (ewg.org)

Additionally, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are brominated aromatic hydrocarbons heavily used as flame-retardants in plastics, possess structural variations similar to PCBs ( Talsness, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)

Between the 1970s and 2000s, various manufacturers produced and used large amounts of PBDEs. (cdc.gov)

Moreover, this technique was applied to remove persistent organic pollutants from fish oil, with eliminations of a 34% for PCDD/Fs, 53% for PCBs, 59% for HCB, 67% for PBDEs and 73% for DDTs after 12 h of exposition to the UV light (254 nm). (url.edu)
PBDEs are an important, but generally unrecognized, persistent organic pollutant,'' advised Robert C. Hale in Nature . (mountainvistaveterinary.net)

Environmental assessment of PBDEs contamination in the Svitava River, Czech Republic. (nel.edu)
Jarova K, Koleckarova A, Kralova Z, Vavrova M. Environmental assessment of PBDEs contamination in the Svitava River, Czech Republic. (nel.edu)

The occurrence of PBDEs is widespread in the Baltic marine environment. (helcom.fi)

Higher PBDEs in mothers was also associated with longer time to become pregnant and lower thyroid hormones during pregnancy. (wa.gov)
PBDEs have been linked to "problems with the liver, thyroid and reproductive systems and brain development in laboratory animals" ( Washington Post ). (eco-novice.com)

PBDEs and other brominated fire retardants (BFRs) are similar in chemical structure to PCBs, which are still found in the bodies of people and animals more than 20 years after they were removed from commercial products in the United States. (ewg.org)

The report finds kids are getting a higher dose of PBDEs. (environmentreport.org)

PBDEs do not dissolve easily in water, but stick to particles and settle to the bottom of river or lakes. (cdc.gov)

PBDEs are categorized as endocrine disrupters (Category 2) for animals and humans. (helcom.fi)

The European Union has banned two of the most commonly used PBDEs, effective next year, but in the United States they remain virtually unregulated by either state or federal authorities. (ewg.org)

There is no definite information on health effects of PBDEs in people. (cdc.gov)
What are the health effects of PBDEs? (wa.gov)

What happens to PBDEs when they enter the environment? (cdc.gov)
PBDEs have the potential to photodegrade in the environment. (helcom.fi)
Monitoring of PBDEs in the environment, especially in the aquatic ecosystem, is a topical issue due to their growing worldwide application as flame retardants in many products of daily use. (nel.edu)

Anatomy5

Organisms4

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Health Care8

Geographicals2

PCBs and PBDEs4

Exposure23

Concentrations10

Flame-retardant chemicals4

Treated with PBDEs can continue2

HBCDs6

Brominated and chlorinated2

Chemicals9

Organochlorine pesticides1

Congeners3

Metabolites1

Lower-brominated2

DecaBDE2

Sediment1

Mixtures1

Breast milk2

Diphenylethers2

ATSDR1

Hydrophobic2

Mattresses2

Degradation1

Environmental Protec2

Migrate2

Accumulate2

PBBs3

Organisms1

Levels10

Toxic3

Fatty fish2

Formaldehyde1

Concentration5

Dust1

Scientists1

Metabolism1

Accumulation1

Foam3

Findings2

Plastics1

Amounts1

Persistent2

Contamination2

Occurrence1

Thyroid2

Found1

Higher1

Lakes1

Humans1

Commonly1

Health effects2

Environment3