Paxillin to focal cell migration focal adhesions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Podosomes are structurally divided into a core, which mainly contains proteins involved in actin polymerization (such as WASP, the Arp2/3 complex and cortactin ), and a surrounding ring populated by integrin receptors and adhesion proteins (for example, paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK/Pyk2) ) [15] . (cellmigration.org)
We have identified a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to the invadopodia to regulate sarcoma cell invasion via the molecule AFAP-1-like-1 (AFAP1L1), a new member of the AFAP (actin filament-associated protein) family. (nature.com)
These data define a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to sarcoma cell invadopodia through specific recruitment of Vav2 and Nck2 to phosphorylated AFAP1L1, to control cell migration and invasion. (nature.com)
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and steroid receptor coactivator (c-Src) are signaling proteins that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility by influencing actin polymerization and focal adhesion turn-over [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we show that vinculin null (vin −/− ) cells and cells expressing a vinculin Y822F mutant have increased survival due to up-regulated activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). (rupress.org)
Both vinY822F and vin −/− cells exhibit increased interaction between paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and increased paxillin and FAK phosphorylation. (rupress.org)
In addition, TRIP6 associates with the components of focal complexes including paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, c-Src, and p130 cas in an agonist-dependent manner. (ntnu.edu.tw)
We show that epithelial cell migration was regulated by this signaling cascade through oxidative inactivation of the regulatory phosphatases PTEN and PTP-PEST, with consequent activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin. (phoenixbiotech.net)
In the present study we identify the focal adhesion-associated proteins p130Cas, Pyk2, and paxillin as novel members of the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway downstream of CD36 and show that assembly of this complex is essential for microglial migration. (neuroprobe.com)
Furthermore, the p130Cas-interacting kinase Pyk2 and the cytoskeletal adapter protein paxillin also demonstrate CD36-dependent phosphorylation, identifying these focal adhesion molecules as additional members of this β-amyloid signaling cascade. (neuroprobe.com)
Disruption of this p130Cas complex by small interfering RNA silencing inhibits p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and microglial migration, illustrating the importance of this pathway in microglial activation and recruitment. (neuroprobe.com)
p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a specific effector of the Rho GTPase Cdc42, is activated by HGF, and we have previously shown that activated PAK4 induces a loss of both actin stress fibres and focal adhesions. (silverchair.com)
These effects required the activation of the Akt and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways as well as IGF-I-induced Akt- and MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of paxillin, which relocated at dynamic focal adhesions and was necessary for promoting motility in bladder cancer cells. (unimib.it)
Protein Tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6/BRK) is overexpressed in the majority of human breast tumors and breast tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
1990). Kinetic studies have suggested that localization of tensin and focal adhesion kinase to sites of integrin clustering are also early events in the formation of focal adhesions (Miyamoto et al. (ppbhg.org)

Nascent adhesions are the first observable adhesive structures, emerging within the lamellipodium. (cellmigration.org)
Nascent adhesions are small and highly transient - either maturing or disassembling ('turning over') - and are therefore not easily observed in every cell type [6] , [7] . (cellmigration.org)
They are larger than nascent adhesions, depend on myosin II for their formation and maintenance, and reside at the boundary of the lamellum and lamellipodium [10] , [11] . (cellmigration.org)
Like nascent adhesions, they also tend to either disassemble (turnover) or grow and elongate into focal adhesions. (cellmigration.org)
Although focal adhesions are similar, in terms of molecular composition, to nascent adhesions and focal complexes, several adhesion proteins appear to change as focal adhesions evolve in response to tension, e.g., zyxin and vinculin . (cellmigration.org)
Newly formed nascent adhesions gradually grow and change their protein composition to mature into FAs. (life-science-alliance.org)
Small transient integrin-associated nascent adhesions form first followed by the formation of larger more stable fibrillar adhesion with actin stress fibers which facilitate cell distributing and migration [7]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
From left: Panel 1 shows formation of nascent adhesions at the cell periphery. (mechanobio.info)

Cell adhesion (the physical interaction of a cell with another cell or with the extracellular matrix (ECM)) is essential for cell migration and tissue integrity. (cellmigration.org)
The dynamic adhesion of cells to their surrounding extracellular matrix provides many of the environmental cues necessary for controlling cell migration and cell shape, survival, proliferation and differentiation. (upstate.edu)
Tumor cell-derived spondin 2 (SPON2) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has complicated roles in recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils during inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
Focal adhesions are specialized cellCsubstratum junctions that are nearly ubiquitous among cells that attach to an extracellular matrix. (ppbhg.org)
At the core of the focal adhesion is a cluster of activated integrin heterodimers, which are transmembrane signaling proteins that attach cells to their ligands, i.e., extracellular matrix (ECM)1 (Hynes, 1992). (ppbhg.org)
Focal adhesions connect extracellular matrix (ECM) and F-actin cytoskeleton through transmembrane protein integrins [3]-[6]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Cells sense and respond to the mechanics of their substrate - be it the extracellular matrix, neighboring cells or artificial matrix in cell culture. (5dok.org)
Rasipl null angioblasts fail to properly localize the polarity determinant Par3 and display defective cell polarity, resulting in mislocalized junctional complexes and loss of adhesion to extracellular matrix ( ECM ). (xenbase.org)

Vinculin expression in focal adhesions upon EL treatment was determined by immunocytochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells lacking vinculin are highly metastatic and motile. (rupress.org)
A vinculin fragment (amino acids 811-1066) containing the paxillin binding site restored apoptosis and suppressed ERK activity in vin −/− cells. (rupress.org)
Thus, vinculin regulates survival and motility via ERK by controlling the accessibility of paxillin for FAK interaction. (rupress.org)

Phosphorylation of paxillin occurs at both tyrosine and serine sites. (ecmbio.com)
Tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin occurs in response to growth factors, neuropeptides, and integrins. (ecmbio.com)

These adhesions are usually physically linked to large, readily visualized actomyosin bundles [13] , and their appearance correlates inversely with motility, such that they are conspicuously absent in cells migrating within a three-dimensional (3D) substrate. (cellmigration.org)
We hypothesized that EL could inhibit lung cancer cell motility by affecting the FAK-Src signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
EL decreased phosphorylation of FAK and its downstream targets, Src, paxillin, and decreased mRNA expression of cell motility-related genes, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 in lung cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data suggest that EL suppresses lung cancer cell motility and invasion by altering FAK activity and subsequent activation of downstream proteins needed for focal adhesion formation and cytoskeletal rearrangement. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, administration of EL may serve as a safe and complementary approach for inhibiting lung tumor cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it is not clear what effect EL has on lung cancer cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, there is a need for less toxic agents that target FAK-Src signaling and inhibit lung cancer cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
The objective for this research was to identify EL as a less toxic agent to inhibit lung cancer cell motility, and to determine its anti-migratory mechanisms by focusing on FAK-Src signaling and down-stream effects. (biomedcentral.com)
The enhanced motility of vin −/− and vinY822F cells is also shown to be due to a similar mechanism. (rupress.org)
One particular of them is paxillin, a crucial focal adhesion protein that is definitely important for cell matrix adhesion, cell motility and migration. (hormonespathway.com)
Our results provide the first evidence for a role of the IGF-IR in motility and invasion of bladder cancer cells and support the hypothesis that the IGF-IR may play a critical role in the establishment of the invasive phenotype in urothelial neoplasia. (unimib.it)
A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
Collective motility leads to movement of cohorts of cells which maintain the adherens junctions and move by photolytic degradation of matrix barriers. (biomedcentral.com)
These two modes of cell movement are interconvertible and several moving cells, including tumor cells, show an high degree of plasticity in motility styles shifting ad hoc between mesenchymal or amoeboid movements. (biomedcentral.com)
This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
They are endowed with GTP hydrolytic activity, mainly involved in cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility, but also involved in cell proliferation, transformation and differentiation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Among other members, we will focus our attention on the Rac and Rho subfamilies, as they are the main effectors of cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
Focal adhesions act as molecular clutches that provide grip to the substrate for the lamellipodium to protrude forward during motility. (mechanobio.info)
Cell motility is a complex process, and as such, there are several factors that one needs to consider when thinking about it. (biologists.com)
Then, what kind of motility the cells are capable of: do they move like an amoeba, or do they use specific anchorage to a surface. (biologists.com)
Broadly speaking, we can use the above points to describe cell motility, a feature analogous to crawling, walking, or running. (biologists.com)
Passivating the microchannel with polyethylene glycol (PEG) prevented cells from producing specific surface adhesion, and the authors used this treatment to assess durotaxis while the experimental cell lines performed amoeboid motility. (biologists.com)
At this point, the authors introduced a mathematical model to describe how cell motility can be achieved using a friction gradient. (biologists.com)

Together, these data are the first to identify the signaling cascade that directly links CD36 to the actin cytoskeleton and, thus, implicates it in diverse processes such as cellular migration, adhesion, and phagocytosis. (neuroprobe.com)
Migration and invasion require coordinated reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton and regulation of cell-adhesion dynamics. (silverchair.com)
Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Inside the cell, activated integrins anchor the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane (Burridge et al. (ppbhg.org)
Feedback interactions from mechanical and biochemical signals within focal adhesion and the F-actin cytoskeleton coordinate the behavior of the protrusive and contractile lamella by promoting and sustaining the proper spatial and temporal control in the cell [3]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
Similarly, depletion of either Rasip1 or Arhgap29 in cultured ECs blocks in vitro lumen formation, fundamentally alters the cytoskeleton, and reduces integrin-dependent adhesion to ECM . (xenbase.org)

LPA acts as an autocrine/paracrine messenger through at least six G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as LPA 1-6 , to induce various cellular processes including wound healing, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and survival. (hindawi.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Paxillin, an integrin-assembly protein, has four major tyrosine phosphorylation sites, and the phosphorylation of Tyr31 and Tyr118 correlates with cell adhesion and migration. (silverchair.com)
Paxillin contains LD motifs, LIM domains, and an SH3- and SH2-binding domain that participate in a variety of protein-protein interactions with kinases, GTPase-activating proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins. (ecmbio.com)
This antibody detects a 72kDa* protein corresponding to the molecular mass of phosphorylated paxillin on SDS-PAGE immunoblots of pervanadate treated A431 cells, but not in A431 control cells. (ecmbio.com)
Gene and protein expression levels of FAK-Src signaling molecules in EL-treated lung cancer cells were determined using PCR arrays, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induces actin rearrangement, focal adhesion assembly, and cell migration through the activation of small G protein Rho and its downstream effectors. (ntnu.edu.tw)
Here we show that LPA stimulation promotes the interaction of the LPA 2 receptor with a focal adhesion molecule, TRIP6 (thyroid receptor interacting protein 6)/ZRP-1 (zyxin-related protein 1). (ntnu.edu.tw)
Factors secreted by cells expressing dominant-active Gα12 were identified by protein array, and their involvement in breast cancer cell invasion was assessed through both RNAi-mediated knockdown and antibody neutralization approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
We detected PTK6 mRNA and protein expression in the immortalized normal MCF-10A human mammary gland epithelial cell line, and examined PTK6 expression and activation in a normal human breast tissue microarray, as well as in human breast tumors. (oncotarget.com)
This study investigated the role of heat shock protein A12A (HSPA12A) in RCC migration. (thno.org)
Introduction The study of focal adhesions in the two-dimensional (2D) environment has led to an in depth understanding of their protein composition [1] structure [2] and their role in cell migration as well as mechanical sensing. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Simvastatin dose dependently inhibited THP-1 cell migration mediated by monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of about 50 nM. (neuroprobe.com)
A SH2 DOMAIN-containing protein that mediates SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathways from multiple CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS, including the EPHB1 RECEPTOR. (bvsalud.org)

other signaling adaptors are also recruited to these complexes, including FAK and paxillin. (cellmigration.org)
Focal complexes are adhesions in the early stages of maturation. (cellmigration.org)
Adhesion complexes (i.e., focal adhesions and focal complexes) and cell-cell contacts are specialized structures that harbor a large number of cytoskeletal proteins and one of the highest concentrations of signaling molecules in cells ( Ruoslahti and Obrink, 1996 ). (rupress.org)

In cancer, ROS plays a dual role with anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic effects in cell signaling pathways that control proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
Endothelin (EDN) signalling plays a crucial role in cell differentiation, proliferation and migration processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistically, WKYMVm effectively decreases intestinal permeability by stimulating colon epithelial cell proliferation. (phoenixbiotech.net)
WKYMVm stimulated chemotactic migration, angiogenesis, and proliferation ability of human ECFCs in vitro. (phoenixbiotech.net)
Responses in LSL indicated altered proliferation rates of intestinal cells as well as adaptive responses at the level of paracellular transport and immunocompetence. (biomedcentral.com)
Sufficient dietary supply of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) is essential for all vertebrates to ensure various biological processes including bone formation, blood clotting, cell proliferation and energy metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
The proliferation of RCC cells was analyzed using MTT and EdU incorporation assays. (thno.org)
Eph/ephrin signaling is a cell-to-cell communication pathway, which regulates cell migration and proliferation. (5dok.org)
In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, we propose a model where Rab40c/CRL5 regulates ANKRD28 ubiquitylation and degradation, leading to a decrease in PP6 activity, which ultimately affects FAK and Hippo pathway signaling to alter focal adhesion dynamics. (life-science-alliance.org)
DEGs were also enriched in human papillomavirus infections, the focal adhesion pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and among others. (hindawi.com)
This signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell-to-cell communication system that regulates cell fate in development and disease. (5dok.org)
We propose an opportunity to target the cancer cell/microenvironment interface instead of the Notch pathway itself in the development of cancer therapies. (5dok.org)

These sites may provide docking motifs for recruitment of other signaling molecules to focal adhesions. (ecmbio.com)

We found that mutation of Tyr31/118 caused enhanced activation of RhoA and premature formation of stress fibers with substantial loss of efficient membrane spreading and ruffling in adhesion and migration of NMuMG cells. (silverchair.com)
LPA-dependent recruitment of TRIP6 to the plasma membrane promotes its targeting to focal adhesions and co-localization with actin stress fibers. (ntnu.edu.tw)
The best-characterized molecules are Rho, which controls the stress fibers and focal adhesion formation, and Rac and Cdc42, which regulate membrane ruffling, and filopodium formation, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
In panel 2, some adhesions attach to stress fibers and grow in size while some disassemble (yellow with dotted outline) at the lamellipodium-lamellum boundary. (mechanobio.info)

We hypothesize that it is through these various interactions that the cell coordinates intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization to regulate cell adhesion, migration and tumor invasion. (upstate.edu)
Numerous studies have identified the GTPase Rho as a major mediator of G12 signaling via its ability to effect changes in cytoskeletal dynamics required for cell migration, invasion and engagement of the cellular transcriptional machinery [ 4 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, SPON2 promotes cytoskeletal remodeling and transendothelial migration of monocytes by activating integrin β1/PYK2 axis. (biomedcentral.com)

1995). Focal adhesions were first identified in tissue-culture cells, as sites of contact between a cell and its underlying substrate (Abercrombie et al. (ppbhg.org)
In addition when cells are in the 3D environment there is a continuum of migration modes that are determined by both matrix substrate and intrinsic contractility of the cell [7] and focal adhesions may not be needed for migration. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
how a cell can detect, measure and respond to the rigidity of its substrate and how these processes apply to larger biological systems. (mechanobio.info)
Having shown that cells can durotax without specific adhesion to the substrate, the authors wondered how this was possible. (biologists.com)
They hypothesized that cells were, in fact, sensing the friction along the surface, given that the surface friction and substrate stiffness would be correlated. (biologists.com)
We used conjugated polymers to develop a novel neural stem cell culture substrate with anchored growth factors to promote cell self-renewal. (5dok.org)

and microtubule targeting, which may contribute to adhesion disassembly. (cellmigration.org)
Our findings demonstrate that by multiplexing these techniques we have the ability to spatially and temporally quantify focal adhesion assembly and disassembly in 3D space and allow the understanding tumor cell invasion in a more complex relevant environment. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
The four panels represent roughly the different steps in the formation and disassembly of focal adhesions. (mechanobio.info)

Both of these sites may be involved in Crk binding to paxillin during integrin-mediated cell adhesion. (ecmbio.com)
Furthermore, blocking the SPON2/integrin β1/PYK2 axis impairs the transendothelial migration of monocytes and cancer-promoting functions of TAMs in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Single cell mesenchymal-type movement is characterized by an elongated cellular shape and again requires extracellular proteolysis and integrin engagement. (biomedcentral.com)
1 integrin, coupled with one of its many partners, is thought to play a central role in focal adhesion formation. (ppbhg.org)
The formation of focal adhesions on 2D surfaces begins with integrin clustering upon conversation with the ECM. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

Cell migration is a fundamental cellular function that is involved in many important biological processes, including embryological development, tissue formation, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. (life-science-alliance.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Innate immune cells integrate environmental signals to rapidly activate target genes and perform specialized cellular functions 5 . (nature.com)
The discrepancy of cellular migratory behavior when focal adhesion-related components in 2D and 3D are altered could indicate that focal adhesions in 3D if they exist may carry out different functions [12]-[14]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
One of the first points the authors make in this preprint is that it was challenging to "fabricate confined cellular environments of tunable stiffness that are necessary to study adhesion-independent migration" in 3D. (biologists.com)

NSC 34 cells were well differentiated in very low serum medium with prolonged neuritic processes, a morphological marker of neuronal cell maturation and differentiation. (hormonespathway.com)
Homeostatic epidermal stem cell self-renewal is driven by local differentiation. (ucsf.edu)
Furthermore, the induction of collective cell migration at the colony edge using an endodermal induction media enhanced endodermal differentiation efficiency in association with cadherin switching, which is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (biomedcentral.com)
Cadherin switching during collective cell migration enhances endodermal differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
In the earliest stages of development, the physical properties of the microenvironment can direct cell differentiation, and initiate the coordinated movement of groups of cells to establish the patterns that will define how the body is arranged. (mechanobio.info)

EL treatment reduced the density and number of F-actin fibers in lung cancer cell lines, and reduced the number and size of focal adhesions. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition the N&B analysis shows paxillin aggregated predominantly at these focal contacts which are next to collagen fibers. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

Cell membranes are highly enriched in signaling receptors, transmembrane mechanosensors, pumps and channels, and, depending on their makeup, can recruit and retain a pool of mechanosensors important in the field of mechanobiology. (mechanobio.info)

Scheme depicts the process of adhesion maturation. (cellmigration.org)
Fibrillar adhesions represent an extreme in the maturation of adhesions and are not generally seen in migrating cells. (cellmigration.org)
The protrusions of the cell edge are shown as green arrows corresponding to points of adhesion maturation (panels 3 and 4). (mechanobio.info)

Babatz, F., Naffin, E., and Klämbt, C. The Drosophila Blood-Brain Barrier Adapts to Cell Growth by Unfolding of Pre-existing Septate Junctions. (ucsf.edu)
Based on our immunoelectron microscopy, we know that tensin is localized at the cellCmatrix junctions of the tubular cells in kidneys. (ppbhg.org)

Cell-cell adhesion maintains epithelial tissues, supports functional contacts between specialized cells, and can facilitate directed migration (for example, radial glia can guide neuronal progenitor cells to specific layers of the brain). (cellmigration.org)
EDN3 promoter methylation was analysed by methylation-specific PCR in breast cell lines (n = 6) before and after demethylating treatment, normal breast tissues (n = 17) and primary breast carcinomas (n = 128). (biomedcentral.com)
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are recruited to the sites of ischemic injury in order to contribute to neovascularization and repair of injured tissues. (phoenixbiotech.net)
All other tissues appeared normal, suggesting that, in most cases, tensin's diverse functions are redundant and may be compensated for by other focal adhesion proteins. (ppbhg.org)
Perivascular cells purified from skeletal muscle or nonmuscle tissues were myogenic in culture and in vivo. (neuroprobe.com)

HGF c Met signaling can induce paxillin phosphorylation at its tyrosine residue, which in turn promotes tumor progression by enhancing tumor cell migration and spread.ten Activating c Met mutations are already proven to increase paxillin phosphorylation in SCLC.5 Furthermore, paxillin has become proven to be very expressed, and its gene from time to time amplified or mutated in NSCLC 11. (hormonespathway.com)
We are particularly interested in characterizing the function of the molecular scaffold/adapter proteins Paxillin and it's close relative Hic-5 during tumor cell migration and invasion. (upstate.edu)
Overexpression of SPON2 has been shown to promote tumor cell migration in colorectal cancer (CRC). (biomedcentral.com)

Although their molecular composition is very similar to that of focal adhesions, their spatial distribution is radial, forming dot-like structures similar to 'suction cups' [14] . (cellmigration.org)
Significantly, in osteosarcoma cell lines, knockdown of AFAP1L1 inhibits phosphorylated MLC2 recruitment to filamentous-actin structures, disrupts invadopodia formation, cell attachment, migration and invasion. (nature.com)
Weaver AM . Invadopodia: specialized cell structures for cancer invasion. (nature.com)
Self-assembly of embryonic and two extra-embryonic stem cell types into gastrulating embryo-like structures. (ucsf.edu)
Compared to 2D imaging standard confocal microscopes have an axial resolution that is about three times lower than lateral resolution which makes it hard to discern very small structures such as focal adhesions. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
This is inefficient to TG-101348 image structures that are sparse in 3D such as a cell protrusion. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Here, we are not even talking about cells using specialized structures, like a flagellum, which they can use for swimming in a medium, or cells using cues such as a source of light (phototaxis) to guide themselves. (biologists.com)
The authors could show that cells move up the stiffness gradient, and confirmed that this occurred without a specific adhesion, seeing the absence of Paxillin staining which labels focal adhesion structures. (biologists.com)

Here we showed that in migrating MDA-MB-231 cells Rab40c regulates focal adhesion's number, size, and distribution. (life-science-alliance.org)
Dubois, F., Alpha, K. and Turner, C.E. (2017) Paxillin Regulates Cell Polarization and Anterograde Vesicle Trafficking during Cell Migration. (upstate.edu)
Goreczny, G.J., Forsythe, I. and Turner, C.E. (2018) Hic-5 Regulates Fibrillar Adhesion Formation to Control Tumor Stromal Matrix Remodeling through Interaction with Tensin 1. (upstate.edu)

However, creating a culture platform with spatiotemporal control of cell behavior to study signaling dynamics during development remains challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
Business and dynamics of focal adhesion proteins have been well characterized in cells grown on two-dimensional (2D) cell culture surfaces. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

i.p) or vehicle administered 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) on behavior, angiogenesis, ultra-structural integrity of brain capillary endothelial cells, and expression of EPO and VEGF were assessed. (researchgate.net)
These results suggested that catalpol might contribute to infarcted-brain angiogenesis and ameliorate the edema of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) by upregulating VEGF and EPO coordinately. (researchgate.net)
WKYMVm-induced activation of formyl peptide receptor 2 stimulates ischemic neovasculogenesis by promoting homing of endothelial colony-forming cells. (phoenixbiotech.net)
Cardiovascular function depends on patent blood vessel formation by endothelial cells (ECs). (xenbase.org)

Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, we identified that phosphorylation of FAK and MOB1 is decreased in Rab40c knock-out cells, which may contribute to focal adhesion site regulation by Rab40c. (life-science-alliance.org)
Regulation of cell migration by focal adhesion adapter proteins and their role in cancer cell metastasis. (upstate.edu)
A balanced regulation of this EDNRA/EDNRB interplay - also referred to as the endothelin axis (ET-axis)- is essential for, for example, homing processes to tissue destinations, where cells differentiate into numerous lineages such as the peripheral nervous system, structural and connective tissue components, cardiac cells or pigment-producing melanocytes [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we have investigated biophysical regulation of cell function. (5dok.org)

These adhesions generate signals that activate Rac, promoting actin polymerization and preventing myosin II engagement in the lamellipodium. (cellmigration.org)

Understanding the components of the TME and their interplay with tumor cells is helpful for developing new strategies against metastatic CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells form ecosystems at the primary and at the metastatic site, mutually communicating with one another and with stem cell-generating organs such as the bone marrow. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastatic cancer cells are released from the primary tumor or from other metastases, at an undefined moment of its development, to arrive in the circulation and home at distant sites, where the ecosystem permits them to survive and either remain dormant as micro-metastases or grow to form macro-metastases (Mareel et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxia stimulates hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent expression of CXCL12 and KITL promoting mobilization from the bone marrow and recruitment to primary tumor and metastatic sites of CXCR4 + CD11b + bone marrow-derived cells and KITbCD11b + cells assisting vasculogenesis and metastasis respectively (Kuonen et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Recruitment of CD11b + CD11c + myelomonocytic cells to the metastatic site was also found after whole thorax irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy of mice that significantly enhanced seeding and metastatic growth of intravenously injected cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
PTK6 was identified in human metastatic breast cancer [ 2 ], and is overexpressed in the majority of human breast cancers and in most breast tumor cell lines [ 3 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Turner, C.E., (2000) Paxillin and focal adhesion signaling. (upstate.edu)

Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
We show that AFAP1L1 can transform cells, promote migration and co-expression with active Lyn profoundly influences cell morphology and movement. (nature.com)
These phenotypes were similar to those induced by RhoA(G14V) in parental cells, and could be abolished by expression of RhoA(T19N), Rac1(G12V), or p190RhoGAP in the mutant-expressing cells. (silverchair.com)
The aim of this selleck chemicals llc study was to assess the expression patterns of these three functionally relevant proteins, PAX5, c Met and paxillin, in the setting of neuroendocrine tumors with the lung. (hormonespathway.com)
c Abl activation attributable to mutant SOD1 in NSC 34 cells We then investigated no matter whether overexpression of mutant SOD1s influenced the expression of c Abl. (hormonespathway.com)
Western blot assessment revealed that the expression of c Abl was better in cells expressing mutant SOD1s than cells expressing wild variety SOD1. (hormonespathway.com)
in contrast, suppression of endogenous TRIP6 expression by a TRIP6-specific small interfering RNA reduces it in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. (ntnu.edu.tw)
We found that signaling through the Gα12 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A breast cancer cell lines enhances expression of interleukins (IL)-6 and −8, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and that these secreted factors play a role in G12-stimulated cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
SPON2 may indirectly induce M2-polarization through upregulating cytokines including IL10, CCL2 and CSF1 expression in tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We now report that DU145 human prostate cancer cells with reduced levels of PAK4 expression are unable to successfully migrate in response to HGF, have prominent actin stress fibres, and an increase in the size and number of focal adhesions. (silverchair.com)
By contrast, CD23 expression in mice is limited to B cells, follicular dendritic cells and enterocytes [14, 19, 20]. (treatmentforprostatecancer.info)
Expression of MSC markers was also detected at the surface of native, noncultured perivascular cells. (neuroprobe.com)

Invasion and metastasis are controlled by the invadopodia, which delivers matrix-degrading enzymes to the invasion interface permitting cancer cell penetration and spread into healthy tissue. (nature.com)
Defects in the signaling pathways associated with cell adhesion provide the basis for cell transformation and cancer cell metastasis, various developmental defects and cardiovascular disease. (upstate.edu)
C.E. (2011) Paxillin and Hic-5 cooperate to regulate breast cancer cell plasticity, invasion and metastasis. (upstate.edu)
These findings have provided compelling evidence that G12 signaling is an important regulator of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Both the transforming ability and the impact on cell invasion and metastasis of G12 proteins appear to be dependent, at least in part, on their ability to engage Rho GTPases. (biomedcentral.com)
Via direct actions on cancer cells and indirect actions on the tumor microenvironment, radiation has the potential to enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Malignant tumors consist of cancer cells and tumor-associated host cells, both participating in invasion and distant metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-associated mortality in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (thno.org)

Poincloux R, Lizarraga F, Chavrier P . Matrix invasion by tumour cells: a focus on MT1-MMP trafficking to invadopodia. (nature.com)
The anti-migratory and anti-invasive potential of EL for lung cancer cell lines was determined by scratch wound healing and Matrigel® invasion assays. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-toxic concentrations of EL inhibited lung cancer cell migration and invasion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
This indicates the presence of crucial mediators that trigger the exchange of growth factors between the participating cells at the tumour invasion field. (biomedcentral.com)
However, despite a well characterized role of Rho GTPases, the potential role of secreted factors in the capacity of G12 signaling to promote invasion of cancer cells is just beginning to be addressed. (biomedcentral.com)
MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A breast cancer cell lines were employed as a model system to explore the involvement of secreted factors in G12-stimulated cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8, or MMP-2 activity significantly decreased Gα12-mediated cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
The finding that activation of G12 proteins promotes cancer cell migration and invasion has highlighted the need to understand the biologic processes underlying this phenomenon. (biomedcentral.com)
Although activation of the IGF-IR did not appreciably affect their growth, it did promote migration and stimulate in vitro wound closure and invasion. (unimib.it)
Such treatment was associated with upregulation of invasion- and inflammation-promoting soluble factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), its activator MMP14, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), the latter two being linked to the recruitment of the monocytic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Mol Cell Biol. (wikipedia.org)
J Cell Biol (2002) 159 (4): 673-683. (silverchair.com)
J Cell Biol (2004) 165 (3): 371-381. (rupress.org)
Nature Cell Biol. (upstate.edu)
Biol Cell 22 327-341. (upstate.edu)

Given the protective effects of lignans for healthy lung tissue, and their anti-migratory effects for other cancer types, we hypothesized that EL would inhibit lung cancer cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)

These signals are also required for the dissolution of some adhesions (turnover) as the cell advances. (cellmigration.org)
Taken together, our results suggest that TRIP6 functions at a point of convergence between the activated LPA 2 receptor and downstream signals involved in cell adhesion and migration. (ntnu.edu.tw)
However, how microglia integrate extracellular signals at sites of cerebrovascular damage and the specificity of blood proteins controlling innate immune cell polarization in disease remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
On top of all this, what sort of cues/signals do cells use to find their way: are these soluble chemical signals (chemotaxis), surface bound chemical signals (haptotaxis), or is it a difference in stiffness (durotaxis). (biologists.com)

In humans, CD23 is usually expressed on a range of cells including B cells, T cells, monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, intestinal epithelial cells, bone marrow stromal cells and respiratory epithelial cells. (treatmentforprostatecancer.info)
Similar to findings in the prostate, we detect nuclear and cytoplasmic PTK6 in normal mammary gland epithelial cells, but no phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 342. (oncotarget.com)
PTK6 is expressed in normal prostate epithelial cells where it is largely localized to the nuclei, but in prostate cancers PTK6 nuclear localization is lost [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Removal of ring culture system induces collective cell migration at the iPSC colony edge. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, these cells have a concomitant reduction in cell-adhesion turnover rates. (silverchair.com)
5 μm (fibrillar adhesion) with slower turnover rates [3] [8]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

Whereas the formation of focal adhesions requires actomyosin-mediated contractile force mediated by RhoA , podosome formation is stimulated by a local loss of contractility and the recruitment of negative regulators of RhoA, such as p190RhoGAP [16] . (cellmigration.org)
We found that Tyr31/118-phosphorylated paxillin competes with p190RhoGAP for binding to p120RasGAP, and provides evidence that p190RhoGAP freed from p120RasGAP efficiently suppresses RhoA activity during cell adhesion. (silverchair.com)
We conclude that Tyr31/118-phosphorylated paxillin serves as a template for the localized suppression of RhoA activity and is necessary for efficient membrane spreading and ruffling in adhesion and migration of NMuMG cells. (silverchair.com)

At the lamellipodium-lamellum interface, unstable adhesions disappear and stable ones start to elongate in a centripetal fashion along the direction of actin retrograde flow. (mechanobio.info)

Phosphorylated Tyr31/118 was found to bind to two src homology (SH)2 domains of p120RasGAP, with coprecipitation of endogenous paxillin with p120RasGAP. (silverchair.com)

In addition it depends on Rac1-mediated cell polarization and lamellipodia formation. (biomedcentral.com)

Transfection with paxillin Y31FY118F dominant-negative mutant in these cells inhibits ERK activation and restores apoptosis. (rupress.org)
The insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) plays an essential role in transformation by promoting cell growth and protecting cancer cells from apoptosis. (unimib.it)

It has been postulated that focal adhesions TG-101348 may not form at all due to the pliability of the microenvironment [11]. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Using biologically relevant elastic substrates to study cell function in vitro has proven beneficial, as the in vivo microenvironment usually is much softer than rigid plastic dishes. (5dok.org)

We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)

To discover the molecular programs controlling microglial and macrophage polarization by blood proteins, we developed an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline consisting of deep sequencing of blood-induced transcriptomes, functional single-cell and oxidative stress transcriptomics, global phosphoproteomics and integration with innate immune signatures from AD and MS models (Extended Data Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)

My lab uses a multi-faceted approach combining biochemistry, cell and molecular biology and various high-end microscopy techniques along with mouse knockout and tumor models to determine the molecular organization of the proteins that are involved in cell adhesion and thereby understand how they each contribute to cell behavior in vivo. (upstate.edu)
More than 10 histological and molecular subtypes of RCC have been identified, among which clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common type and accounting for 80% of all cases [ 2 , 4 ]. (thno.org)

Overexpression of HSPA12A in RCC cells unstabilizes CD147 through increasing its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, thereby inhibits lactate export and glycolysis, and ultimately suppresses RCC cell migration. (thno.org)

An interaction of HSPA12A with HRD1 ubiquitin E3 ligase was detected in RCC cells. (thno.org)

Using sFCS we found higher percentage of slow diffusing proteins at these focal spots suggesting assembling/disassembling processes. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

Monoclonal anti PAX5 antibody was obtained from BD Biosciences, monoclonal anti c Met antibody and polyclonal anti phosphorylated c Met antibody were obtained from Biosource, monoclonal anti paxillin antibody was obtained from Abcam. (hormonespathway.com)

This human sequence is highly conserved in rat and mouse paxillin. (ecmbio.com)

Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of FPR2, but not FPR3, abrogated WKYMVm-induced migration and angiogenesis of ECFCs. (phoenixbiotech.net)

Anatomy44

Organisms8

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Kinase15

Nascent adhesions8

Extracellular matrix8

Vinculin4

Phosphorylation of paxillin2

Motility23

Cytoskeleton7

Protein15

Complexes3

Proliferation9

Pathway4

Signaling molecules1

Stress fibers4

Cytoskeletal3

Substrate6

Disassembly3

Integrin5

Cellular5

Differentiation5

Fibers2

Receptors1

Maturation3

Junctions2

Tissues5

Tumor cell migration3

Structures8

Regulates3

Dynamics2

Endothelial4

Plasma membrane2

Regulation4

Actin polymerization1

Metastatic6

20001

Expression13

Metastasis8

Invasion10

Biol5

Migratory1

Signals4

Epithelial3

Induces1

Turnover rates2

RhoA3

Lamellipodium1

Endogenous1

Lamellipodia1

Apoptosis2

Microenvironment2

Receptor1

Polarization1

Molecular2

Inhibits1

Interaction1

Processes1

Antibody1

Highly conserved1

Angiogenesis1