A wide range of research methods have been employed to examine patterns of human variation and their relations to ancestry and racial groups, including studies of individual traits, studies of large populations and genetic clusters, and studies of genetic risk factors for disease. (wikipedia.org)
have interpreted genetic studies of traits and populations as evidence to justify social inequalities associated with race, despite the fact that patterns of human variation have been shown to be mostly clinal, with human genetic code being approximately 99.9% identical between individuals, and with no clear boundaries between groups. (wikipedia.org)
linkage disequilibrium within B. burgdorferi populations likely result from small effective population sizes ( 9-11 ). (cdc.gov)
In addition, because different populations show different patterns of association between neighbouring genetic variants (linkage disequilibrium), looking in multiple populations can be extremely useful for dissecting out which variants are actually causative and which are mere bystanders. (scienceblogs.com)
Overtransmission of different alleles in different populations may be due to a different pattern of linkage disequilibrium between the marker rs2254298 and an as yet undetermined susceptibility variant in OXTR. (rti.org)
As most studies of contemporary house sparrow populations have been unable to identify genetic signatures of recent population declines, results of this study underpin the importance of longitudinal genetic surveys to unravel cryptic genetic patterns. (ugent.be)
Significant differences in patterns of LD between populations can affect the portability of phenotypic associations when the replication effort or meta-analyses are attempted in populations that are distinct from the original population in which the genome-wide study is performed. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we introduce a novel method for genome-wide analyses of LD variations between populations that allow the identification of candidate regions with different patterns of LD. (ox.ac.uk)
Allele2
Differences in allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium patterns between the training and prediction genotypes may limit prediction accuracy. (cgiar.org)
Many approaches to reconstruct evolutionary histories focus on a limited number of informative statistics describing distributions of allele frequencies or patterns of linkage disequilibrium. (blogspot.com)
GWAS3
It starts from an existing GWAS experiment, in order to mantain the linkage disequilibrium patterns, the complexity of the network, etc. of a real case. (bioconductor.org)
Among other methodological limitations are that discrepancies between the linkage disequilibrium structure of the samples used for the GWAS and that of the reference panel may have biased estimates underlying MiXeR. (medscape.com)
Polymorphisms1
Current genome-wide surveys of common diseases and complex traits fundamentally aim to detect indirect associations where the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) carrying the association signals are not biologically active but are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with some unknown functional polymorphisms. (ox.ac.uk)
Recombination2
Putative evidence for the effects of recombination, selection, and epistasis were also evident in distinctive locus-specific patterns of LD on some of the linkage groups, many of which could represent the effects of domestication. (sun.ac.za)
LocusZoom''' is designed to facilitate viewing of local association results together with useful information about a locus, such as the location and orientation of the genes it includes, linkage disequilibrium coefficients and local estimates of recombination rates. (umich.edu)
Chimpanzees3
To better assess how this past event affected MHC variation in chimpanzees compared to humans, we analysed several indexes of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium across seven MHC genes on four cohorts of chimpanzees and we compared them to those estimated at orthologous HLA genes in a large set of human populations. (unige.ch)
Humans and Chimpanzees Display Opposite Patterns of Diversity in Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase Genes. (unige.ch)
This pattern was also reflected in the results returned by selective neutrality tests, which suggest, in agreement with the predicted functional impact of mutations detected in non-human primates, stronger directional selection, presumably purifying selection, at NAT1 in modern humans, and at NAT2 in chimpanzees. (unige.ch)
Polymorphism2
The effects of an inversion polymorphism on patterns of linkage disequilibrium are also examined. (ed.ac.uk)
We learn about population history and underlying evolutionary biology through patterns of genetic polymorphism. (blogspot.com)
Humans1
B. burgdorferi is transmitted to humans disequilibrium among genetic loci can result from several during the blood meal of an infected Ixodes tick, predomi- evolutionary and ecologic forces in addition to small popu- nantly Ixodes scapularis in North America ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
A separate permutation strategy introduced for assessing LD variation in the absence of genome-wide data also correctly identified the expected variation in LD patterns in two well-established regions undergoing strong population-specific evolutionary pressure. (ox.ac.uk)
There was a pattern of mixed effect directions among loci jointly associated with schizophrenia and lipids, blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, waist-to-hip ratio, and coronary artery disease , which may reflect variation in genetic susceptibility to CVD across subgroups of schizophrenia. (medscape.com)
Among those, several candidate genes have been shown to control the early patterning and/or the late synaptic maturation of specific neuronal subpopulations controlling the balance between excitation and inhibition in the developing cortex and cerebellum. (neurotransmitter.net)
Genotype imputation is the process of inferring the genotype of one or more markers based on the correlation pattern (aka linkage disequilibrium or LD) of the surrounding markers for which genotypes are known. (goldenhelix.com)
Data2
We will also perform state-of-art analyses or develop some novel genetic methods which take population-specific linkage disequilibrium structure and population-specific gene expression patterns into consideration and compare their utility between multi-ethnic data. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
Linkage disequilibrium data can provide a unique perspective on many of the commonly used population genetic estimates, and is therefore of great value in population genetic investigations. (sun.ac.za)
Diversity5
Regardless of whether there was a single major expansion or two, several DNA studies clearly showed that genetic diversity tends to decrease [ 21 , 22 ] and linkage disequilibrium to increase [ 23 , 24 ] at increasing distances from Africa. (biorxiv.org)
Using this approach, we show that human evolutionary models that include archaic admixture in Africa, Asia, and Europe provide a much better description of patterns of genetic diversity across the human genome. (blogspot.com)
There is though the pattern of greater African genetic diversity. (discovermagazine.com)
So I accept the pattern of greater diversity until further research brings it more into doubt. (discovermagazine.com)
Contrastingly, the other five breeds (Yantai, Licha, Yimeng, Wulain, and Heigai) displayed high genetic diversity within breed and had some extent of mixture pattern with the Western commercial breeds, especially Duroc and Landrace ( F ST values from 0.1043 to 0.2536). (animbiosci.org)
Opposite patterns1
In the real world, however, the opposite patterns also can be found, and these patterns can be explained (and even expected) when one accepts the possibility that individuals are not interchangeable ( van Noordwijk and de Jong 1986 ). (biorxiv.org)
Regions1
This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that perceptual abnormalities in autism might be associated with alteration of induced gamma activity patterns overlying visual cortical regions. (neurotransmitter.net)
Evidence for moving hybrid zones has been directly inferred by repeated sampling over time, or indirectly through the detection of genetic footprints left by the receding species and the resulting asymmetric patterns of introgression across markers. (lu.se)
It remains more parsimonious than the alternatives: ancient population structure and complex patterns of gene flow and hybridization. (discovermagazine.com)
Human1
A full inspection of these statistics reveals that widely used models of human history fail to predict simple patterns of linkage disequilibrium. (blogspot.com)
Significant1
We noted the absence of significant linkage disequilibrium, and we inferred low levels of effective selection per locus against hybrids, suggesting that introgression in the area of species replacement occurred under a neutral diffusion process. (lu.se)
Northwestern University/Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Il- versity and strong linkage disequilibrium. (cdc.gov)
Includes1
Analysis of these large elucidatinG the etioloGical role sites, and also patterns of genetic genome-wide studies also includes a of obeSity and related riSk factorS mutations that are observed in tumours. (who.int)
Complex1
Male pattern baldness (MPB) is a sex-limited, age-related, complex trait. (nature.com)
Population2
are in linkage disequilibria with the HLA-drb1 locus in a japanese population. (lu.se)
From the general population 5 sets of identical banding patterns were observed. (who.int)