In endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), the underlying process produces patchy fibrosis of the endocardial surface of the heart, leading to reduced compliance and, ultimately, restrictive physiology as the endomyocardial surface becomes more generally involved. (medscape.com)
Endocardial fibrosis principally involves the apices of the right and left ventricles and may affect the atrioventricular valves mainly by tethering the papillary muscles, leading to tricuspid and mitral regurgitation. (medscape.com)
Whether the eosinophil actually induces myocardial necrosis and subsequent fibrosis or is attracted to the endocardial surface as a result of the initial insult is unknown. (medscape.com)
The diastolic dysfunction may be observed in myocardial (restrictive cardiomyopathy [RCM] and phenocopies), endocardial/endomyocardial (fibrosis, elastosis), and pericardial (constriction, effusion) diseases (see Fuster and Hurst's Central Illustration). (mhmedical.com)
Restrictive endomyocardial diseases include endomyocardial fibrosis of right, left, or both ventricles, frequently with involvement of valves, Hedinger syndrome of the right-sided heart valves in patients with neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome, as well as endocardial fibroelastosis associated with congenital heart anomalies. (mhmedical.com)
Endocardial thickening or myocardial infiltration (sometimes with death of myocytes, papillary muscle infiltration, compensatory myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis) may occur in one, typically the left, or both ventricles. (msdmanuals.com)
Myocardial fibrosis5
Myocardial fibrosis consists of collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation. (medscape.com)
the underlying mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis in this specific entity remain unclear. (medscape.com)
CMR identifies areas of increased interstitial space where gadolinium is retained (eg, areas of myocardial infarction, acute edema/inflammation due to capillary leak, myocardial fibrosis/scar, or amyloid protein infiltration). (medscape.com)
Parametric T1 and T2 mapping sequences can be used for evaluation of diffuse, interstitial myocardial fibrosis that is not detected by LGE imaging. (medscape.com)
Myocardial Fibrosis and Cardiomyopathy Risk: A Genetic Link in the MESA. (cdc.gov)
Biopsy4
In true idiopathic RCM, endomyocardial biopsy and pathologic specimen findings are usually abnormal, although they may not be diagnostic for any single disease. (medscape.com)
Sensitivity of endomyocardial biopsy is low, around 25%, mainly due to patchy nature of disease along with technical factors. (asnc.org)
However, diagnosis of isolated cardiac sarcoidosis using these diagnostic criteria or with endomyocardial biopsy can be challenging. (asnc.org)
Although non-invasive diagnostic methods are emerging, the gold standard of diagnosis is the histological examination of an endomyocardial biopsy. (intechopen.com)
Interstitial4
Findings include myofibrillar disarray, myocyte hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. (medscape.com)
Chronic allograft injury (CAI), consisting of vasculopathy and interstitial fibrosis, affects approximately 50% of patients after 10 years and limits long-term survival following heart transplantation ( 1 ). (frontierspartnerships.org)
Besides endothelial dysfunction, the progression of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis consecutively leads to impaired diastolic and systolic graft function, thus preservation of endothelial and vascular function is certainly a clinically desirable goal. (frontierspartnerships.org)
B: The nonspecific histologic picture in typical DCM, with myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis (collagen is blue in this Masson trichrome-stained preparation). (serdarbalci.com)
Echocardiographic4
Hassan WM, Fawzy ME, Al Helaly S, Hegazy H, Malik S. Pitfalls in diagnosis and clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic findings in endomyocardial fibrosis: a 25-year experience. (medscape.com)
The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of heart diseases among patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation between February 2012 and February 2017 at the Cardiology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Gombe State. (nigeriamedj.com)
In addition, fibrosis in the right ventricular/left ventricular (RV/LV) apex can be a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. (medscape.com)
Typically, there is abrupt premature cessation of ventricular filling in early diastole, causing a dip-and-plateau or square-root pattern on ventricular pressure tracings. (medscape.com)
3,4 On CMR, CS can be identified by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in a sub-epicardial or mid-wall pattern, which is often multifocal, involving septal segments and/or right ventricular free wall, 5 with or without evidence of acute edema and or left ventricular segmental dysfunction (Figure 2, 3). (asnc.org)
The term "athlete's heart" is used to define the pattern of morphological, functional and electrical changes that result from intensive training including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). (acc.org)
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) TTE allow automated detection of endomyocardial borders for accurate assessment of ventricular volumes and ejection fraction. (medscape.com)
Diffuse fibrosis2
T1 and T2 mapping better characterize myocardial tissue by identifying areas of edema (T2), inflammation, and more diffuse fibrosis (T1), which may aid in diagnosing myocarditis without LGE, amyloidosis , hemochromatosis , and Fabry disease . (medscape.com)
Systemic Sclerosis Systemic sclerosis is a rare chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin, joints, and internal organs (especially the esophagus. (msdmanuals.com)
Myocyte3
[ 6 ] Fibrosis has also been suggested as facilitating focal activity by fibroblast-myocyte coupling as well. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Recently, fibrosis has been suggested to facilitate focal activity by fibroblast-myocyte coupling as well. (medscape.com)
Rather, it is common practice to apply the Lake Louise Criteria which requires abnormalities in 2 of 3 tissue characterization techniques: T2-weighted imaging (T2W) which assesses for edema, T1-weighted early gadolinium enhancement imaging (EGE) which assesses for hyperemia, and late gadolinium enhancement imaging (LGE) which assesses for myocyte necrosis and fibrosis [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the clinical pattern in patients with myocarditis is diverse, the definitive morphological diagnosis is made based on the histopathological examination. (biomedcentral.com)
Idiopathic1
Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is an idiopathic disorder of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world that is characterized by the development of restrictive cardiomyopathy and fibrotic changes in the endocardium, usually limited to the cardiac apex. (medscape.com)
De Souza J.A. A comparison of the clinical and cardiologic features of endomyocardial disease in the temperate and tropical regions. (gvr.co.in)
Infiltration1
The principal utility of CMR and its advantage over echocardiography for cardiomyopathy is its use of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) , which visualizes myocardial tissue and detects scar, fibrosis, or infiltration. (medscape.com)
EMF is sometimes considered part of a spectrum of a single disease process that includes Löeffler endocarditis (nontropical eosinophilic endomyocardial fibrosis or fibroplastic parietal endocarditis with eosinophilia). (medscape.com)
Some authors have argued that in tropical eosinophilia, where the eosinophil count does climb to levels as high as 12,500/dL, endomyocardial fibrosis is rarely seen and the cardiac manifestations are limited, while severe eosinophilia is absent in EMF. (medscape.com)
a subcategory of hypereosinophilic syndrome with primary cardiac involvement), which occurs in the tropics, begins as an acute arteritis with eosinophilia, followed by thrombus formation on the endocardium, chordae, and atrioventricular (AV) valves, progressing to fibrosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Cardiac2
On cardiac FDG PET imaging a perfusion-metabolic mismatch pattern seen as focal FDG uptake in area of a perfusion defect and occasionally in the setting of normal perfusion suggests inflammatory CS (Figure 2). (asnc.org)
Donor pre-treatment with S-NO-HSA lead to reduced fibrosis and preservation of myocardial miR-126-3p and GATA2 levels in murine cardiac isografts 60 days after transplantation. (frontierspartnerships.org)
Typically1
Pulmonary function studies typically demonstrate a restrictive pattern. (enetmd.com)
Endocardium1
Ultimately, after several years of disease activity, the fibrotic phase is reached, when the endocardium is replaced by collagenous fibrosis. (medscape.com)
Tissue1
Possible complications of sarcoidosis include hypercalcaemia (excess calcium in the blood), which may damage the kidneys, and pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of lung tissue). (enetmd.com)
Stiffness1
Fibrosis increases the stiffness of the heart, resulting in the restrictive physiology. (medscape.com)
Ischemic2
Myocardial strain imaging, a reproducible measure of LV systolic function, can identify subclinical LV dysfunction and patterns that suggest specific cardiomyopathies (eg, ischemic cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity). (medscape.com)
Late gadolinium enhancement distribution patterns in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: Genotype-phenotype correlation. (cdc.gov)
Renal1
Intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents should be used with caution in patients with severe renal dysfunction, because of the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. (ecrjournal.com)
Affects1
Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) occurs commonly in tropical regions and affects both the left and right ventricles. (msdmanuals.com)
The pattern of LGE can provide clues about the etiology of cardiomyopathy. (medscape.com)
Left1
RCM may manifest as a solitary abnormality, although restrictive filling patterns of the left ventricle can also be seen in patients with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . (medscape.com)
Proliferation1
In addition to the rise in temperatures and the changes in rainfall patterns, which favor the proliferation of disease-transmitting mosquitoes, the WHO mentioned a few other reasons for the increase in the incidence of arboviruses worldwide: the acceleration of urbanization, which is associated with basic sanitation problems, and the fact that people are out and about again, travelling around locally and internationally now that COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted. (medscape.com)
Patients3
Bhaktaviziam A. Endomyocardial fibrosis, Report on haemodynamic data in 29 patients and a review of the results of surgery. (gvr.co.in)
Of 453 patients in the London cohort, 63 (14%) had non-infarct pattern LGE (NI-LGE) on CMR. (imperial.ac.uk)
In addition, Asian patients have an identical electrocardiographic pattern. (bvsalud.org)
Provide1
Fibrosis reduces conduction velocity, impairs activation pattern, and may provide the substrate for wave breaks and reentry. (medscape.com)