Patients with human retroviridae infections. Medical search. Frequent questions

HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. (medscape.com)
HTLV-1 is a retrovirus belonging to the family retroviridae and the genus deltaretrovirus. (wikipedia.org)
HIV is grouped into the genus Lentivirus (lentus, from Latin) due to the slow course of infection and thus disease, with a long latency period, persistent viral replication and central nervous system involvement ( 1 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
HIV is part of the genus lentiviridae and family of retroviridae, with its categorization being attributed to its morphology and infection mechanism, respectively. (jpt.com)
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to the genus Lentivirus, which is a subgroup within the family of Retroviridae . (altona-diagnostics.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) belongs to the retroviridae family and to the Lentivirus genus. (openaccesspub.org)
Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the genus, Deltaretrovirus of the family, Retroviridae and it is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. (edu.vn)
The equine infectious anemia trojan (EIAV) is normally a member from the genus Lentivirus, family members Retroviridae, and its own structure may be the simplest of the many known lentiviruses [3]. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
Epidemiological and molecular profile of blood donors infected with HTLV-1/2 in the state of Pará, northern Brazil Abstract Background: The Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a retrovirus of the genus Deltaretrovirus, which belongs to the family Retroviridae. (htlv.net)

Primary infection can also be asymptomatic. (lecturio.com)
Although most HTLV-1-infected individuals are asymptomatic, fetal and childhood infections often result in several diseases with disappointing treatment outcomes. (e-cep.org)
Acute HTLV infection is rarely seen or diagnosed, as most infections are asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (ucdenver.edu)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I), also called the adult T-cell lymphoma virus type 1, is a retrovirus of the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) family that has been implicated in several kinds of diseases including very aggressive adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, uveitis, Strongyloides stercoralis hyper-infection and some other diseases. (wikipedia.org)
This family of retroviruses has been receiving a lot of attention from scientists in recent decades for causing serious diseases in humans, such as AIDS ( 3 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
Gene therapy has been utilized successfully to repair or inactivate mutations in animal models of monogenic human diseases 19 as well as human in vitro cells 12 . (nature.com)
Rheumatic manifestations frequently occur in patients with CLT in the absence of overt thyroid dysfunction and mimic the presentation of the well-defined connective tissue diseases. (mdmpathway.com)
Some human diseases have made that transition in the space of recorded history, for example over six hundred years syphillis declined from a horrific short-term death sentence to a treatable long-term nuisance. (balloon-juice.com)
The mission of the International Retrovirology Association (IRVA) is to encourage research in retrovirology, especially the study of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infections and the associated diseases, to foster collaborations between research groups, provide a platform for critical analysis of new data, and contribute to the dissemination of knowledge about these infections. (htlv.net)
It is therefore not surprising that altered levels of PTMs may be involved in different human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes and inflammatory diseases, and the enzymes regulating their turnover are pharmacological targets of primary importance. (mdpi.com)

Infection with HTLV-I, like infection with other retroviruses, probably occurs for life. (wikipedia.org)
Work-Related Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) Infection: A Systematic Review Abstract Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) belong to the delta group of retroviruses which may cause a life-long infection in humans, HTLV-1 leading to adult T-cell. (htlv.net)

We here demonstrate the presence of HTLV-I infections in the South of Cameroon with possible clustering of infection in some villages. (itg.be)

Regarding the family, it is grouped within the Retroviridae family, viruses that have the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase (TR) - responsible for transcribing the RNA genome into complementary DNA (cDNA), being the subfamily Orthoretrovirinae ( 2 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
Lentiviral (LV) vectors of the Retroviridae family show interesting properties for monogenic gene therapy, since they integrate into the host genome and allow long-lasting gene expression 22 . (nature.com)
Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an exogenous C- type oncovirus in the Retroviridae family. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (XMRV) is a newly identified retrovirus and the first gammaretrovirus of the Retroviridae family detected in humans. (phoenixrising.me)
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA lentivirus in the family Retroviridae. (merckvetmanual.com)
7 Early and accurate diagnosis of Fanconi anemia is important, because it profoundly affects patient monitoring and treatment decisions and permits early genetic counseling of family members. (ashpublications.org)
Diagnosis based on clinical manifestations alone can be difficult because 30% to 40% of patients lack developmental malformations or a positive family history. (ashpublications.org)

The rapid destruction of these cells due to HIV-1 infection makes the infected individual immune-compromised and prone to several opportunistic infections. (openaccesspub.org)
In an infected individual, the virus causes a depletion of subpopulation of T-cells, called T-helper cells, which leaves these patients susceptible to opportunistic infections, as well as certain malignancies. (cdc.gov)

Our search revealed that 27 viruses that can result in viremia have been found in human semen (Table). (cdc.gov)
We found evidence that 27 viruses, across a broad range of virus families, can be found in human semen. (cdc.gov)
In mammals, numerous viruses are detectable in semen, in- T cluding viruses that can cause disease in humans, such as he finding by Atkinson et al. (cdc.gov)
Replicating Zika have been detected in human testes, suggesting the pos- virus ( 2 ), like Ebola and Marburg viruses ( 3 ), has been iso- sibility that these viruses may also be detectable in semen. (cdc.gov)
Regarding the human immunodeficiency viruses, the HIV-1 prevalence varied from 0 to 3% in the different populations studied. (itg.be)
Similarly, direct injection of viruses into the cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., via lumbar puncture in humans) also permits targeting of the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
Blocking HTLV-1/2 silent transmission in Brazil: Current public health policies and proposal for additional strategies Abstract Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) are relatively common in Brazil but remain silent and neglected infections. (htlv.net)
Mucosal IgA acts as a first line of defense and neutralizes viruses efficiently at the portal of entry, preventing infection of epithelial cells and generalization of infection. (crie.ru)
They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals. (lookformedical.com)

If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies shows nonreactive or indeterminant results (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is suspected or reported), an HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a false-positive test result. (medscape.com)
HIV infection distinguishes between its latent/dormant and replicating stage, allowing for a long term evasion from the immune system, and - if left untreated - to acute acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (jpt.com)
Despite the short half- life, Brendolan A, Bragantini L, Chiaromonte S, DellAquila R, Fabris A, Feriani M, Milan M, La Greca G 1986 Arteriovenous hemodiafiltration as- sociated with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltra- tion: A combined therapy for acute renal failure in the hypercatabolic patients. (tradingsignalsforex.com)
Patients suffering from an HIV infection may experience a short acute phase with flu-like symptoms. (altona-diagnostics.com)
Reexamination of amphotropic murine leukemia virus neurovirulence: neural stem cell-mediated microglial infection fails to induce acute neurodegeneration. (omeka.net)
12 , 13 Patients previously not known to carry the diagnosis of FA may present with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as the initial manifestation of their disease. (ashpublications.org)
Patients with acute leukemia have been diagnosed with FA after developing toxicity from their bone marrow transplant conditioning regimen. (ashpublications.org)

A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 isolated from mature T4 cells in patients with T-lymphoproliferation malignancies. (nih.gov)

The clinical data of 80 patients with prostate cancer in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected. (bvsalud.org)
PIV pneumonia: Treatment is mainly supportive, but aerosolized and oral ribavirin have been associated with reduction in PIV shedding and clinical improvement in immunocompromised patients. (medscape.com)
Subclinical or clinical interstitial pneumonia, indurative mastitis ("hard udder"), and chronic wasting have also been attributed to infection with this virus. (merckvetmanual.com)
This course covers transmission of HIV and infection control, Washington laws concerning confidentiality and testing, clinical manifestations and treatment, psychosocial issues, and legal and ethical issues. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
The period between infection and the appearance of clinical signs may be several months or years and many JSRV infected sheep do not exhibit clinical signs at all during their lifespan. (siftdesk.org)

Recurrent outbreaks are usually less severe than the initial infection. (lecturio.com)
Nevertheless, it is mucosal vaccination, which mimics a natural infection, is able to induce a fast and effective immune response and thus help prevent and possibly stop outbreaks of many viral infections. (crie.ru)

Although little serologic data exist, the prevalence of infection is thought to be highest among blacks living in the Southeast. (wikipedia.org)
Although HIV infections are diagnosed worldwide, the highest prevalence is located in sub-Saharan Africa [2]. (altona-diagnostics.com)

Since there is no cure for HIV infections, the medical treatment of HIV relies on the containment of the infection by an antiretroviral therapy (ART). (altona-diagnostics.com)
Depending on the condition of the disease, the physicians recommend the patients to take a combination of these drugs which is called as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (openaccesspub.org)
But patients on antiretroviral therapy who stop taking the drugs suffer a rapid rebound in HIV replication. (genengnews.com)

Influenza pneumonia: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infection. (medscape.com)

One patient developed subclinical hypothyroidism during the study. (mdmpathway.com)
However, most CAEV infections are subclinical. (merckvetmanual.com)

Genital herpes infections are common sexually transmitted infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2. (lecturio.com)

The retrovirus is now generally called HTLV-I because later studies proved that ATLV is the same as the firstly identified human retrovirus called HTLV discovered by Bernard Poiesz and Francis Ruscetti and their co-workers in the laboratory of Robert C. Gallo at the National Cancer Institute. (wikipedia.org)
FDA is updating the committee on XMRV, the newly identified human retrovirus (a gammaretrovirus), and FDAs collaborative efforts with other public health agencies and blood establishments to determine whether XMRV poses a safety concern for the blood supply. (phoenixrising.me)

altona Diagnostics GmbH, today announced the launch of the AltoStar ® HIV RT-PCR Kit 1.5 , an in vitro diagnostic test, based on real-time RT-PCR technology, for the detection and quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) specific RNA (groups M, N and O) in human EDTA plasma. (altona-diagnostics.com)
Traditional phenotypic assays selleck chemicals used to assess the susceptibility of mutant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) obtained from infected patients or from resistance selection to antiviral agents in cell culture are rather tedious and time consuming. (mdmpathway.com)
Mucosal vector vaccines against human respiratory syncytial virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 based on Sendai virus, which is able to replicate asymptomatically in cells of bronchial epithelium, are also being investigated. (crie.ru)

This virus is an important model for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection because they shared molecular and biological features. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
HTLV-2 Encoded Antisense Protein APH-2 Suppresses HIV-1 Replication Abstract Antisense protein of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 2 (HTLV-2), also called APH-2, negatively regulates the HTLV-2 and helps the virus to maintain latency via scheming the transcription. (htlv.net)

Herpes infections are unique in that the virus is able to remain dormant in the neuronal ganglia, which allows for recurrent infections. (lecturio.com)

Worldwide, antimicrobial resistance has been reported for key antibiotic and antiviral treatments used for various commonly occurring conditions including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhoea, tuberculosis, HIV and malaria. (who.int)
Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. (medscape.com)
Bilateral interstitial infiltrates in a 31-year-old patient with influenza pneumonia. (medscape.com)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
Their efficacy in patients with influenza viral pneumonia or severe influenza is unknown. (medscape.com)
Lentivirus Pneumonia in Sheep and Goats Lentiviral infection causes a progressive, interstitial pneumonia typically observed in mature sheep. (merckvetmanual.com)

CDC guidelines recommend testing for HIV infection with a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antigen/antibody immunoassay that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen, with supplemental testing after a reactive assay result to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. (medscape.com)
A patient infected with HTLV can be diagnosed when antibodies against HTLV-1 are detected in the serum. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, antibodies to XMRV were detected in 9/18 CFS patients using a test based on the envelope of a closely related virus, spleen focus forming virus (SFFV). (phoenixrising.me)
Forty-six consecutive patients with anti-thyroid peroxidase (alpha TPO) and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (alpha TG), and normal thyroid function in the absence of a well-defined connective tissue disease were included in a case-cohort study. (mdmpathway.com)
Following this model, the human immune system is divided into two major classes: Cellular Immunity, located in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and their respective lymph nodes (outer defenses), and Humoral Immunity, with production of antigen-specific antibodies by plasma cells in the bone marrow (inner defenses). (medicalveritas.org)

The aim of this study is to define www.selleckchem.com/products/isrib-trans-isomer.html the rheumatic manifestations of euthyroid patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) but without a well-defined connective tissue disease. (mdmpathway.com)

Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum), which is usually spread through sexual contact. (lecturio.com)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and during the birth process or via human milk (vertical transmission). (medscape.com)
Simian HTLV-1 genotypes are interspersed in between the human genotypes indicating frequent animal-human and human-animal transmission. (wikipedia.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. (medscape.com)
Forensic microbiology is a scientific area that has emerged with the need to investigate biocrimes, as in the case of intentional transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (scielo.sa.cr)
The need for the study of microbiological expertise can be applied in biocrimes linked to the transmission of microorganisms intentionally, such as the intentional transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a pathogen that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). (scielo.sa.cr)
that is, within sexual transmission and, therefore, embryonic infection, the testes, the immune response is restricted to enable the congenital disease, miscarriage, and effects on epidemio- survival of sperm, which are immunogenic. (cdc.gov)
Further investigation using activated CFS patient PBMC co-cultured with susceptible PC cells (LNCaP) showed that virus could be transmitted by cells and supernatant, as indicated by protein expression and transmission electron microscopy, suggesting that the virus being detected by protein expression was infectious. (phoenixrising.me)
Interest is increasing in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) transmission due to its adverse health impacts. (e-cep.org)
The peripartum period is an important transmission time for human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection, mainly via breastfeeding and partly through the placental tissues of carrier mothers. (e-cep.org)
Transmission of HIV occurs primarily sexually, however, HIV infections are also caused by contaminated blood transfusion, the reuse of injection needles, perinatal transmission at pregnancy, and breastfeeding [3]. (altona-diagnostics.com)
This highly magnified transmission electron micrographic (TEM) image revealed the presence of mature forms of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a tissue sample under investigation. (cdc.gov)

Using this array, gammaretroviral sequences were identified in samples from 7/11 prostate cancer (PC) patients that were homozygous (QQ) for the R462 mutation for RNAse L which is an important molecule in the innate antiviral response (2). (phoenixrising.me)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and its subtypes were estimated to have infected 5-10 million people worldwide [ 1 - 3 ]. (e-cep.org)

that Zika virus RNA is fre- Japanese encephalitis virus, foot and mouth disease virus, quently detected in the semen of men after infection ( 1 ) parainfluenza virus, and paravaccinia virus ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE) is a persistent lentiviral infection of goats. (merckvetmanual.com)
Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection is manifested clinically as polysynovitis-arthritis in adult goats and less commonly as leukoencephalomyelitis (progressive weakness, ataxia, proprioceptive deficits) in kids. (merckvetmanual.com)

More importantly, they carried their work over to ex vivo experiments in which T cells from patients infected with HIV were grown in cell culture, showing that treatment with the gene editing system can suppress viral replication and dramatically reduce viral load in patient cells. (genengnews.com)

The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)

Infection of iPSCs with lentiviral inserts is a highly efficient process since stem cells grow quickly, remain undifferentiated in specific cell culture conditions and can establish fully infected clones within 2-3 passages. (nature.com)

The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. (medscape.com)
Primary infection often presents with systemic, prodromal symptoms followed by clusters of painful, fluid-filled vesicles on an erythematous base, dysuria, and painful lymphadenopathy. (lecturio.com)
Raynaud's phenomenon occurred in 28 % and sicca symptoms Interleukin-3 receptor in 26 % of patients. (mdmpathway.com)
Infected patients may also have symptoms of autonomic dysfunction leading to constipation and, in some cases, sexual dysfunction. (medscape.com)

HIV has probably originated from multiple zoonotic transmissions of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) from non-human primates to humans in West and Central Africa. (benthamscience.com)
HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 seem to be transmitted through direct human contact with primates (eg, through hunting, butchering, keeping them as pets), but data are lacking. (medscape.com)

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)
The type species is HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN . (lookformedical.com)

While trying to save the patient via blood transfusion, the safety of the blood donor is paramount. (bvsalud.org)

Pre-incubation from the recombinant sELR1 with EIAV inhibited EIAV an infection in equine macrophages considerably, the principal in vivo focus on cell from the trojan. (angiogenesis-blog.com)

However, human papillomavirus (HPV) has emerged as one of the primary causes of carcinogenesis for the majority of OPSCCs in North America and Europe [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Differences in the integration pattern and episomal forms of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA found within an invasive cervical neoplasm and its metastasis. (omeka.net)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA was found in three separate neoplastic lesions within a female patient. (omeka.net)

Non-treated infections lead to an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is characterized by the progressive failure of the immune system [4]. (altona-diagnostics.com)
It is the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that targets the CD4 + T-lymphocyte cells of the human immune system 1 . (openaccesspub.org)
Although the human immune system is of almost inconceivable complexity in its detailed functions, the basic principles are quite simple, which might be compared with a medieval castle with an outer mote, an outer wall with parapets, and an inner defense wall, all of which serve to protect the king (brain and nervous system) and queen (genetic system). (medicalveritas.org)
Human T cell from the immune system of a healthy donor and image of an HIV-infected T cell. (genengnews.com)

Infection might be diagnosed after an attempted blood donation, a familial history of the infection, or workup of a disease caused by the virus (eg, a recent diagnosis of ATL or HAM/TSP). (medscape.com)

patients with viral loads greater than 30,000/mL are 18.5 times more likely to die of AIDS than those with undetectable viral loads. (medscape.com)
The first clue to the emergence of HIV-2 came in 1986 when a morphologically similar but previously distinct virus was found to cause AIDS in patients in West Africa ( 4 ). (scielo.sa.cr)
Since the application of these molecules has already indicated production of oxidative stress and toxicity in AIDS patients, their adverse impact on telomerase function may further worsen the situation. (openaccesspub.org)
SIVcpz does not cause an Aids-like illness among chimpanzees, despite its similarity to the human virus and the very close genetic relationship between chimps and humans. (balloon-juice.com)

Examples of misuse include when antibiotics are taken by people with viral infections like colds and flu, and when they are given as growth promoters in animals and fish. (who.int)
WHO is also working closely with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in a 'One Health' approach to promote best practices to avoid the emergence and spread of antibacterial resistance, including optimal use of antibiotics in both humans and animals. (who.int)

Preliminary data from a limited study of XMRV in an animal model (rhesus macaques) showed disseminated infection but only low but detectable transient viremia between 4-14 days. (phoenixrising.me)

It is thought that about 1-5% of infected persons develop cancer as a result of the infection with HTLV-I over their lifetimes. (wikipedia.org)

Poor adherence to infection control, especially in healthcare settings, and inadequate sanitary conditions also encourage the spread of antimicrobial resistance. (who.int)

Surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells which can be differentiated in vitro from patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived lung organoids. (nature.com)
They are 3-dimensional, complex, multicellular structures that can be derived from patient specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). (nature.com)
DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CFS patients and healthy controls was tested for the presence of XMRV sequences. (phoenixrising.me)
Taken jointly, our data suggest that sELR1 serves as a secreted mobile aspect that inhibits EIAV an infection in web host cells. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
As a result, viral receptors over the cell membrane offer binding sites for the trojan and so are also mixed up in structural modulation of viral envelopes, resulting in the fusion Pseudouridimycin from the viral and mobile membranes and virion entrance, the first step in viral an infection of focus on cells [2]. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
As opposed to almost every other lentiviruses, such as for example human immunodeficiency trojan (HIV)-1, simian immunodeficiency trojan (SIV) and feline immunodeficiency trojan (FIV), which need co-receptors for effective an infection, EIAV seems to depend just on an operating ELR1 for the invasion of focus on cells. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE , infecting B-cells in humans. (lookformedical.com)
HTLV-infected T cells in human milk pass from mother to child. (medscape.com)
Researchers at Temple University used a CRISPR gene editing technique to remove HIV from the DNA of human cells grown in culture. (genengnews.com)
Their study ("Elimination of HIV-1 Genomes from Human T-lymphoid Cells by CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing") is published In Scientific Reports. (genengnews.com)
The currently used diagnostic test for FA relies on the increased chromosomal breakage and radial formation of FA cells in response to diepoxybutane (DEB) compared with cells from healthy control subjects, 15 , 16 or from patients with other chromosomal instability disorders 17 or genetic syndromes. (ashpublications.org)

HIV Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)

Gammaretroviruses are widespread in vertebrates, but do not establish infection readily in immunocompetent hosts. (phoenixrising.me)

Dawson, M., Venables, C. and Jenkins, C.E. (1985): Experimental infection of a natural case of Sheep Pulmonary Adenomatosis with Maedi-Visna Virus. (siftdesk.org)
Interferon-inducing properties of dry birch bark extract and its effect on experimental infection caused by hepatitis C virus]. (nih.gov)

Organisms4

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs3

Phenomena and Processes2

Genus9

Asymptomatic4

Diseases7

Retroviruses2

HTLV-I Infectio1

Family7

Opportunistic infections2

Viruses9

Acute7

Malignancies1

Clinical5

Outbreaks2

Prevalence2

Antiretroviral therapy3

Influenza A vir1

Subclinical2

Herpes simpl1

Identified human retrovirus2

Immunodeficiency virus type3

Leukemia virus2

Recurrent1

Pneumonia6

Antibodies5

Manifestations1

Bacterial1

Transmission11

Antiviral1

Lymphotropic1

Encephalitis3

Viral replication1

Dormant1

Lentiviral1

Symptoms4

Primates2

HERPESVIRUS2

Blood transfusion1

Macrophages1

Papillomavirus3

Immune system4

Workup1

AIDS4

Antibiotics2

Rhesus1

Cancer1

Healthcare settings1

Cells11

Mesh1

Widespread1

Experimental2