Patients with acute low back pain are back. Medical search. Frequent questions

Analgesics such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and codeine are widely used to treat nonspecific low-back pain, which is defined as pain lasting less than 6 weeks. (medscape.com)
To fill this knowledge gap, the researchers conducted a systematic review and analysis of controlled trials comparing analgesics with another analgesic, placebo, or no treatment in patients with acute, nonspecific low back pain. (medscape.com)
Imaging, such as lumbar spine radiography, should be delayed at least one to two months in patients with nonspecific low back pain without red flags for serious disease. (aafp.org)

Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Retrospective St. (medscimonit.com)
Retrospective Study of Outcomes and Hospitalization Rates of Patients in Italy with a Confirmed Diagnosis o. (medscimonit.com)
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on health outcomes of an early or immediate return-to-work (RTW) after acute low back pain (LBP). (cdc.gov)
The primary outcomes were reductions in low back pain intensity (measured with a visual analogue scale), numerical rating scale or another ordinal scale, and safety as indicated by the number of participants who had any adverse event. (medscape.com)
Moderate to low confidence was also noted for secondary outcomes and secondary analysis of medicine classes," the researchers note. (medscape.com)
The review also uncovered moderate to low confidence for secondary outcomes, which included low back-specific function, serious adverse events, and acceptability (number of participants who dropped out). (medscape.com)
Dr. Belay tells him about the benefits and good outcomes for other patients who received spinal stimulation therapy, but Mr. Flora remains unwilling to consider these options and says he only wants a refill of his morphine. (ama-assn.org)
Care outcomes for chiropractic outpatient veterans: a single-arm, pragmatic, pilot trial of multimodal chiropractic care for U.S. veterans with chronic low back pain. (greenmedinfo.com)
Because evidence of improved outcomes is lacking, lumbar spine radiography should be delayed for at least one to two months in patients with nonspecific pain. (aafp.org)
By categorising the control interventions and constructing statistical models for main outcomes (pain and disability), the authors have succeeded in quantifying the strength of evidence for SMT compared with different alternative treatments. (bmj.com)
2 The use of HER-2 status in breast cancer management is an example of the translation of results from prognosis research toward improved patient outcomes. (bmj.com)
Objective: To examine the surgical results of unilateral lumbar discectomy in patients with bilateral leg pain and discuss short- and long-term outcomes within the limits of lumbar decompression. (researchgate.net)
Recent research has highlighted the potential role of B-vitamins in addressing low back pain and improving global clinical outcomes. (dsm.com)
Taking a broader perspective, one has to question the validity of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) as the singular source of information regarding meaningful patient outcomes. (chiro.org)
Up to one-fifth of patients with chronic low back pain may be prescribed opioids in a manner that is not adherent to CPGs, thereby placing them at risk for poor outcomes. (jabfm.org)
Dr. George's research projects have been supported by the National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Brooks Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association, University of Florida, and Foundation for Physical Therapy. (duke.edu)
Secondary outcomes included the extent of disability, back pain intensity, and quality-of-life. (medpagetoday.com)
Nor were there any significant between-group differences either at 8 weeks or at 1 year in terms of any of the secondary outcomes: extent of disability, back pain intensity, global perceived effect, and physical and mental quality of life. (medpagetoday.com)

In case of no radiation some modalities were associated with more pain and disability than others, a finding that grew stronger over time. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 1 ] Lower back pain causes more global disability than any other condition. (medscape.com)
Back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and the World Health Organization reports that low back pain affects more people than major diseases like diabetes and malaria yet we have not made much progress in preventing it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Despite the many claims made regarding the efficacy of these techniques, there are only two peer-reviewed studies that have shown that muscle energy techniques can significantly decrease disability and improve functionality in patients with disorders such as low back pain. (wikipedia.org)
1 The economic impact of chronic low back pain stems from prolonged loss of function, resulting in loss of work productivity, treatment costs, and disability payments. (aafp.org)
For example, for long term function in chronic pain, the difference in Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) score is 0.8 (95% CI −4.6 to 6.1), much less than the 2.0 difference in RMDQ considered clinically important for individual patients. (bmj.com)
all of these factors increase pain and disability [ 10 ]. (plos.org)
Pain scores were preoperatively evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for both legs and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for overall life quality. (researchgate.net)
The primary outcome measures were low back pain intensity, back-related disability, and pain impact on health-related quality of life. (jabfm.org)
Low back pain is a problem that affects more than 600 million persons and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. (jabfm.org)
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is the most common cause of disability worldwide, affecting about 12% to 30% of the adult population. (mdpi.com)
Psychological factors play an important role in the experience of pain, and may be predictive of pain persistence, disability, and long-term sick leave. (mdpi.com)
Patients receiving the McKenzie method did not show additional effects on global perceived effect, disability, function or on the risk of persistent symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
When added to the currently recommended first-line care of acute low back pain, a treatment programme based on the McKenzie method does not produce appreciable additional short-term improvements in pain, disability, function or global perceived effect. (biomedcentral.com)
[13] Surgery may be beneficial for those with disc-related chronic pain and disability or spinal stenosis . (wikipedia.org)
[24] Low back pain is the greatest contributor to lost productivity, absenteeism, disability and early retirement worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
PROMs/STs were classified as disability/functional measures, pain measures, psychosocial measures, and other measures. (allenpress.com)
Disability/functional measures were the most common type of instruments used, followed by pain measures, psychosocial measures, and others. (allenpress.com)
The 4 most common individual PROMs/STs reported were (1) Oswestry Disability Index, (2) a variation of a pain rating scale, (3) Keele STarT Back Tool, and (4) Patient Specific Functional Scale. (allenpress.com)
Many people experience chronic pain, which can lead to impaired physical functioning, poor mental health, reduced quality of life, and contributes to substantial disability and death each year. (cdc.gov)
Method of measurement: The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is an index derived from the Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire. (who.int)

For additional information regarding nonopioid therapy approaches for treating acute pain, please refer to Recommendation 1 in the 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline. (cdc.gov)

Do patients with acute low back pain in emergency departments have more severe symptoms than those in general practice? (physiciansweekly.com)
You may feel a variety of symptoms if you have hurt your back. (medlineplus.gov)
This will help relieve your symptoms and reduce any swelling in the area of the pain. (medlineplus.gov)
A discussion of potential causes and symptoms based on patients' descriptions of low back pain. (medscape.com)
Patients with radicular symptoms may benefit from epidural steroid injections, but studies have produced mixed results. (aafp.org)
Interestingly, some patients can present with radicular symptoms on the opposite side of the disc herniation. (researchgate.net)
Some patients can present with contralateral radicular symptoms. (researchgate.net)
But after they address your acute symptoms, you may need someone to treat your chronic pain, restore your structural alignment, and get you back to your full strength and mobility. (kingdict.com)
The assessment of a patient with a new presentation of low back pain symptoms, with or without leg pain or other neurological symptoms, focuses on screening for specific and/or serious pathology and consideration of psychosocial factors. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
Early in each new presentation, a patient with low back pain, with or without leg pain or other neurological symptoms, is screened and assessed for psychosocial factors that may affect their recovery. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
The patient and clinician develop a plan together that includes practical advice to maximise function, and limit the impact of pain and other symptoms on daily life. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
A patient with persisting or worsening symptoms, signs or function is reassessed at an early stage to determine the barriers to improvement. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
[5] The symptoms of low back pain usually improve within a few weeks from the time they start, with 40-90% of people recovered by six weeks. (wikipedia.org)
The description of the symptoms may range from tenderness at a particular point, to diffuse pain. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the cause, neck or back pain may be accompanied by neurologic symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
After starting supplements I felt instant relief from the symptoms and finally life came back to normal after missing out on 3 months of college. (who.int)

For more detailed guidance on the use of nonopioid medications to treat acute, subacute, and chronic pain, please refer to the 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline . (cdc.gov)
Low-back pain that lasts for between 4 and 12 weeks is called subacute . (nih.gov)
The American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline on low-back pain treatment includes acupuncture as an option for initial treatment of chronic low-back pain (based on moderate-quality evidence) and as a treatment option for acute/subacute low-back pain (based on low-quality evidence). (nih.gov)
On this page, you'll learn about the types of pain - acute, subacute, and chronic - and options for treatment. (cdc.gov)
Subacute pain is pain that lasts longer than 1 month but not more than 3 months. (cdc.gov)
Talk to your doctor about your treatment goals and the benefits and risks of different types of treatment for subacute pain. (cdc.gov)
Sometimes acute or subacute pain that is not effectively managed becomes chronic pain. (cdc.gov)

The 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain (2022 Clinical Practice Guideline) has expanded guidance on evidence-based nonopioid options for pain. (cdc.gov)

Nonopioid therapies are at least as effective as opioids for many common types of acute pain ( Recommendation 1 ). (cdc.gov)
She has grown concerned over the past month since hearing that a well-respected colleague came under scrutiny for "troubling prescribing patterns" based on the percentage of his patients prescribed long-acting opioids. (ama-assn.org)
Although it is inappropriate to label all patients on opioids as addicts, physicians must also be cautious of the potential for overdose, abuse, and diversion of prescription drugs [1]. (ama-assn.org)
Is a Patient Who Demands Opioids an Addict? (ama-assn.org)
Tramadol, opioids, and other adjunctive medications may benefit some patients who do not respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (aafp.org)
This study measured the prevalence and impact of nonadherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) that recommend using nonpharmacological and nonopioid treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before considering opioids in patients with chronic low back pain. (jabfm.org)
The prevalence of nonadherence to CPGs was based on current or prior use of 6 common nonpharmacological treatments, NSAIDs, and opioids for low back pain. (jabfm.org)
1 The clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) developed to address this issue often promote a biopsychosocial approach to pain management, including patient self-management, nonpharmacological treatments, and avoiding opioids as first-line pharmacological treatment. (jabfm.org)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain, which addresses chronic, noncancer pain, recommends that both nonpharmacological and nonopioid treatments be initiated before using opioids. (jabfm.org)
3 The American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline, which addresses low back pain, also recommends nonpharmacological treatments and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before considering opioids in patients with chronic low back pain. (jabfm.org)
Since the sedative effects of Carisoprodol Tablets and other CNS depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants) may be additive, appropriate caution should be exercised with patients who take more than one of these CNS depressants simultaneously. (nih.gov)
Opioids may be useful if simple pain medications are not enough, but they are not generally recommended due to side effects, [12] including high rates of addiction, accidental overdose and death. (wikipedia.org)
Opioids are natural or synthetic chemicals that bind to receptors in your brain or body to reduce the intensity of pain signals reaching the brain. (cdc.gov)
Chronic pain can be managed with or without prescription opioids, but many of the nonopioid options have been shown to work better with fewer side effects. (cdc.gov)
Consider ways to manage pain that do not include opioids. (cdc.gov)
If after talking to your doctor about your pain treatment, you are prescribed opioids, be sure to ask about the risks and benefits. (cdc.gov)

Methods: A longitudinal cohort of workers (N = 557) consulting for uncomplicated LBP were assessed on demographic, pain , occupational, and psychosocial variables. (cdc.gov)
Now, in a new study, researchers have identified physical and psychosocial triggers that can be modified to prevent acute episodes of low back pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The survey asked the participants about 12 physical or psychosocial factors they may have experienced in the 4 days before the back pain episode began. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Association between psychosocial parameters and response to chiropractic care among older adults with chronic low back pain. (greenmedinfo.com)
Evaluation of psychosocial problems and "yellow flags" are useful in identifying patients with chronic low back pain who have a poor prognosis. (aafp.org)
A patient with low back pain is offered physical and/or psychological interventions based on their clinical and psychosocial assessment findings. (safetyandquality.gov.au)

Most of the time, back pain will get better using these methods. (medlineplus.gov)
Methods: A randomized 2-group pretest-posttest study design examined LBP patients who received either cryotherapy (n=20) or EPC (n=16) immediately following their first three weekly sessions of physiotherapy. (alliedacademies.org)
Moreover, the possible correlation between pain drawing modalities and other pain assessment methods, such as pain score and functional variables needs to be described. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients and methods: Three groups of patients were studied - on treatment with thiocolchicoside ampoules, on treatment with thiocolchicoside tablets and a control group on treatment with NSAID - flurbiprofen. (glavobolie.org)
Methods: We analyzed 60 patients with unilateral disk herniation who underwent unilateral lumbar discectomy and hemipartial laminectomy between 2014 and 2017. (researchgate.net)
Physical therapists are licensed health care providers who use exercise, stretching, massage, and other methods to help patients build strength and improve flexibility and function. (kingdict.com)
That means chiropractors work to relieve pain and improve function and overall health using non-invasive methods. (kingdict.com)
As a consequence, if you recognize that you are taking pain medications or are implementing various other methods to minimize your pain with just temporary relief. (losethebackpain.com)
METHODS: Patients with SLE were matched with non-SLE controls in a population-based cohort on January 1, 2015. (cdc.gov)

He does not recall any specific low back injury that set off this particular episode of acute pain, which began insidiously about 3 wks before his first visit. (activator.com)
The team also found that age was a factor in triggering back pain when lifting heavy loads - with younger people being significantly more likely to suffer an episode of acute low back pain after such activity than older people. (medicalnewstoday.com)
What triggers an episode of acute low back pain? (medicalnewstoday.com)

A 36-year-old male suffered from severe low back pain. (activator.com)
The pain may be mild, or it can be so severe that you are unable to move. (medlineplus.gov)
When you first see your provider , you will be asked about your back pain, including how often it happens and how severe it is. (medlineplus.gov)
Moreover, since it is well known that severe radiating leg pain affects the course of the low back pain negatively [ 10 ] radiation might confound a possible association between pain and function on the one hand and pain modalities on the other. (biomedcentral.com)
He is a law professor at the local university who sustained a severe back injury six years earlier while replacing the catalytic converter in his award-winning antique car. (ama-assn.org)
citation needed] These techniques are inappropriate when a patient has injuries such as fractures, avulsion injuries, severe osteoporosis, open wounds, or has metastatic disease. (wikipedia.org)
Specialist medical or surgical review is indicated for severe or progressive back or leg pain that is unresponsive to other therapy, progressive neurological deficits, or other signs of specific and/or serious pathology. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
I remember the time when I could not even walk more than a block because of the severe pain in my bones. (who.int)
After a while, the bone and muscle pain got so severe that I could not keep up with my studies anymore. (who.int)

National Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pain from Neurological Disorders: 2015. (glavobolie.org)
Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) have been endorsed by the North American Spine Society and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (formerly, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) of the Department of Health and Human Services as an integral part of nonsurgical management of radicular pain from lumbar spine disorders. (medscape.com)
Epidemiology of Low Back Disorders. (dsm.com)
Dr. George's primary interest is research involving biopsychosocial models for the prevention and treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. (duke.edu)
Most neck and back pain is caused by disorders of spinal structures. (msdmanuals.com)
Occasionally, pain is referred from extraspinal disorders Serious uncommon causes (particularly vascular, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary) or herpes zoster. (msdmanuals.com)

Investigators found several medications were associated with large reductions in pain intensity compared with placebo, but with low or very low confidence. (medscape.com)
In addition, they found low or very low confidence for no difference between the effects of several of these medications. (medscape.com)
Many acute pain conditions can often be managed most effectively with nonopioid medications. (cdc.gov)
Here are some nonopioid medications and noninvasive nonpharmacologic approaches that can be used to treat acute pain. (cdc.gov)
Nonopioid medications are associated with certain risks, particularly in older adults, pregnant patients, and patients with certain comorbidities such as cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, and liver disease. (cdc.gov)
In pseudoaddiction, on the other hand, the patient is seeking opioid medications for pain relief, not with the intent of abuse. (ama-assn.org)
In some ways, the medical field has created addicts by exposing patients to narcotic medications and by prescribing short-acting, euphoric, and addictive medications so freely. (ama-assn.org)
Diversion of these medications-often when children of the patients gain access to them and use them recreationally-leads to a rise in overdoses [2]. (ama-assn.org)
That response could have contributed to the current predicament of overprescribing opioid medications without fully assessing or addressing the pain complaint [4, 5]. (ama-assn.org)
If physicians become too wary of prescribing pain-relieving medications, they could leave patients in chronic pain to suffer with no alternatives. (ama-assn.org)
Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are first-line medications for chronic low back pain. (aafp.org)
Also, there is only so much that doctors and pain medications can do. (losethebackpain.com)
Doctors sometimes prescribe opioid medications to manage pain. (cdc.gov)

Carisoprodol Tablets are contraindicated in patients with a history of acute intermittent porphyria or a hypersensitivity reaction to a carbamate such as meprobamate. (nih.gov)
concluded ed from the participant's siblings) who had that chronic diseases and psychological no history of acute or chronic illness of any problems are the main sources of low-back type were selected who were the same sex, pain [12]. (who.int)

see also Approaches for Epidural Injections) was performed in 1901, when cocaine was injected to treat lumbago and sciatica (presumably pain referred from lumbar nerve roots). (medscape.com)
Miserably, this is very run-of-the-mill believe it or not and as terrible as it sounds and comes about to multiple back pain and sciatica sufferers. (losethebackpain.com)
Pain radiating down the legs (known as sciatica ) may be present. (wikipedia.org)
Pregabalin (Lyrica) didn't offer any relief from the leg pain associated with acute or chronic sciatica, and was associated with more adverse events in a randomized controlled trial, researchers found. (medpagetoday.com)
The lack of treatment effect of pregabalin in these patients with sciatica may reflect differences in pathophysiological features between other types of neuropathic pain and sciatica, and suggests that the recommendations from guidelines regarding neuropathic pain may not extend to sciatica," the researchers wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
Sciatica is characterized by radiating pain in the leg, which is sometimes accompanied by back pain, sensory loss, or weakness. (medpagetoday.com)
Pregabalin is approved to treat some types of neuropathic pain -- including postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic peripheral neuropathy -- and thus was thought to be potentially effective in sciatica, the researchers explained. (medpagetoday.com)
To test the hypothesis, they conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 209 sciatica patients from 47 sites were randomized to placebo or to pregabalin at a dose of 150 mg daily adjusted to a maximum dose of 600 mg/day. (medpagetoday.com)
Most of the patients had sciatica for less than 3 months. (medpagetoday.com)
Lin and colleagues said their results were similar to those of previous trials of pregabalin and gabapentin in chronic low back pain or sciatica, with no benefit over placebo: "Our trial extends this finding by the inclusion of patients who had acute sciatica. (medpagetoday.com)
A post-hoc analysis revealed that the duration of leg pain did not modify the effect of pregabalin for sciatica patients. (medpagetoday.com)
Mathieson S, et al "Trial of pregabalin for acute and chronic sciatica" N Engl J Med 2017;376:1111-1120. (medpagetoday.com)

Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society. (medscape.com)
The American College of Physicians issued a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of low-back pain in 2017. (nih.gov)

In reality, it might be truly difficult not to feel like you will ever achieve relief because the pain is so painful. (losethebackpain.com)
Carisoprodol Tablets are indicated for the relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. (nih.gov)
Carisoprodol Tablets are indicated for the relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions in adults. (nih.gov)
Carisoprodol Tablets should only be used for short periods (up to two or three weeks) because adequate evidence of effectiveness for more prolonged use has not been established and because acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions are generally of short duration. (nih.gov)

0.05) all four of the back ROM measures over the duration of the study. (alliedacademies.org)
LBP is broadly classified as chronic or acute, with chronic LBP persisting for greater than 12 weeks and acute pain being less than 12 weeks in duration [ 3 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
The review involved 98 randomized controlled trials that included 15,134 adults (49% women) aged 30-60 years with pain duration ranging from 24 hours to 21 days. (medscape.com)
5 These require participant reporting of a low back pain duration of at least 3 to 6 months and a pain frequency of at least 1-half of the days in the past 6 months. (jabfm.org)
Opioid analgesics are considered only in carefully selected patients, at the lowest dose for the shortest duration possible. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
[4] Low back pain may be classified by duration as acute (pain lasting less than 6 weeks), sub-chronic (6 to 12 weeks), or chronic (more than 12 weeks). (wikipedia.org)
the documentation of duration is less than one year, so therefore I have to categorize it as acute (there are not systemic or complicating factors to relate to the moderate category). (medlearn.com)
However, it could be categorized (had the duration met the chronic factor) as a chronic, exacerbated problem that is being managed by increasing medication and sending the patient to physical therapy. (medlearn.com)
There is increasing than 2 months duration and was certified by emphasis on prevention of low-back pain a neurosurgeon or an orthopaedic surgeon. (who.int)

While some PTs specialize in musculoskeletal conditions, others focus on patients with neurological problems such as ALS or muscular dystrophy. (kingdict.com)

[5] In most cases, imaging tools such as X-ray computed tomography are not useful or recommended for low back pain that lasts less than 6 weeks (with no red flags) and carry their own risks. (wikipedia.org)

Although this pain or discomfort can happen anywhere in your back, the most common area affected is your lower back. (medlineplus.gov)
Pilates may be thought of as the optimum therapy for back pain and discomfort because it needs no pharmaceuticals, no long drives to the physician, no expensive massage treatment processes, and no fancy acupuncture treatment options. (losethebackpain.com)
Stretching exercises such as yoga help to improve muscle strength and lessen muscle imbalances and weakness that are generally the central cause for lower back discomfort in the first place. (losethebackpain.com)
Nonetheless many people stop their normal activities and exercising because of discomfort or concerns about producing added injury to their back. (losethebackpain.com)
But, for many, the pain and discomfort are more acute and may benefit from treatment. (ochsner.org)
To reduce the chance of Carisoprodol Tablets dependence, withdrawal, or abuse, Carisoprodol Tablets should be used with caution in addiction prone patients and in patients taking other CNS depressants including alcohol, and Carisoprodol Tablets should not be used more than two to three weeks for the relief of acute musculoskeletal discomfort. (nih.gov)

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is a common and persistent health problem with increasing prevalence. (alliedacademies.org)
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a significant health problem affecting 50-80% of adults at some point in their life with the prevalence and incidence of LBP being reported to be as high as 20.0% and 7.0%, respectively [ 1 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Back pain prevalence and visit rates: estimates from U.S. national surveys, 2002. (medscape.com)
Low back pain (LBP) is a significant health care problem, where the 1-year prevalence for LBP ranges from 22% to 65% [ 1 ]. (plos.org)
Survey of Chronic Pain in Europe: Prevalence, Impact on Daily Life, and Treatment. (dsm.com)
4 We aimed to primarily measure the prevalence and impact of nonadherence to these CPGs for opioid prescribing in patients with chronic low back pain in the United States, and to secondarily identify patient and physician factors associated with CPG nonadherence. (jabfm.org)
We aimed to assess the prevalence of opioid therapy and explore factors associated with long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in patients with SLE. (cdc.gov)

Many factors - physical, psychological and occupational - help to trigger low back pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify and to describe the most common psychological approaches used to treat patients who suffer from CLBP. (mdpi.com)
2 As scientific research strengthens the argument for a paradigm shift from the biomedical model toward the biopsychosocial (BPS) model, particularly in the management of pain, it is now generally accepted that illness and health are the result of an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. (allenpress.com)
attributed low- similar level of education, similar marital back pain to psychological conditions [13]. (who.int)
Patients with back pain in all age groups of Psychology, Isfahan University and was scored higher for all psychological features translated back to English by another group compared with controls (Table 2). (who.int)

Research supports the effectiveness of chiropractic for low back pain, neck pain, headaches, and osteoarthritis. (kingdict.com)
The nationally ranked Ochsner Back and Spine program offers the region's best care for back and neck pain so you can get back to doing what you love. (ochsner.org)
On 15 July 2002 Mr A presented at the Clinic for a 10am appointment with a week-long history of neck pain, restricted neck movement and sore shoulders. (hdc.org.nz)
Mr A stated that his neck pain started a week earlier and had triggered a migraine headache. (hdc.org.nz)
Neck pain and back pain are among the most common reasons for physician visits. (msdmanuals.com)

In summary, clinical practice and animal research suggest that radicular pain is the result of inflammation of the nerve root in the epidural space provoked by leakage of disk material, compression of the nerve root vasculature, and/or irritation of dorsal root ganglia from spinal stenosis. (medscape.com)
For patients who have back pain associated with radiculopathy, spinal stenosis, or another specific spinal cause, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography may establish the diagnosis and guide management. (aafp.org)

Historical evidence of nerve root inflammation has been demonstrated during surgery in patients with radicular low back pain (LBP) from lumbar disk herniation. (medscape.com)
Group 1 (30 patients) had bilateral leg pain and unilateral lumbar disk herniation. (researchgate.net)

Clinicians should maximize use of nonpharmacologic and nonopioid therapies as appropriate for the specific condition and patient and only consider opioid therapy for acute pain if benefits are anticipated to outweigh risks to the patient. (cdc.gov)
At some point in the last few decades, pain became "the fifth vital sign" to ensure that clinicians were not ignoring patients' pain complaints. (ama-assn.org)
Design The instrument was developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and researchers based on analysis of qualitative interviews with people experiencing acute and chronic back pain. (bmj.com)
7 To aid in shared clinical decision making, quality assurance in health care, and potential stratification for best clinical care pathways, it is reasonable for clinicians to incorporate validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and/or screening tools (STs). (allenpress.com)

Exercise, mind-body interventions, and behavioral treatments (including cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness practices) can encourage active patient participation in the care plan and help address the effects of pain in the patient's life. (cdc.gov)
Evidence on the average prognosis 1 and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions is available from studies of large groups of patients with breast cancer in observational studies and randomised trials. (bmj.com)
Stratified medicine refers to the targetting of treatments (including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions) according to the biological or risk characteristics shared by subgroups of patients. (bmj.com)

Patients with nonradicular low back pain underwent a standardized examination and then underwent a standardized spinal manipulation treatment program. (researchgate.net)

Participants within the PRECISION Pain Research Registry provided data during the period from April 2016 through October 2021. (jabfm.org)

You may have experienced acute pain from outpatient medical procedures, like a wisdom tooth extraction, or injuries, like a broken bone. (cdc.gov)
Treatment of low-back pain includes who had received treatment for low-back painkillers, muscle relaxants, antidepres- pain on an outpatient basis in orthopaedic sants, bed rest, back support, physiotherapy, and neurosurgery clinics of 2 major univer- and patient education for prevention, but pa- sity hospitals in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of tients are rarely referred for surgery. (who.int)

Participants Instrument development informed by interviews with 12 participants with acute back pain and 11 participants with chronic back pain. (bmj.com)
The Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) was developed based on in-depth interviews with people experiencing acute and chronic back pain. (bmj.com)
To the person suffering from constant headaches, from chronic back pain that keeps them from functioning normally or from pain caused by cancer that continually brings that condition to the forefront of thought, it means a break from something that can take control of your life and all activity. (daykimball.org)
And let me add that I am not talking about when the provider says the patient has chronic back pain. (medlearn.com)

Until then, doctors should use caution when prescribing analgesic medicines for adults with nonspecific acute low back pain. (medscape.com)
Spinal manipulative therapy in older adults with chronic low back pain. (greenmedinfo.com)
A multitude of adults who experience the most agonizing pain are still perfect candidates for Pilates. (losethebackpain.com)
Adults with chronic low back pain within the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia are recruited for the PRECISION Pain Research Registry using a screening questionnaire that is promoted through social media. (jabfm.org)
About 80 percent of adults have low-back pain at some point in their lives. (nih.gov)

similarly demonstrated, using the Patient Functionality Questionnaire (PFQ), that patients receiving adjunctive vitamin B complex showed greater improvement than NSAIDs alone in areas related to sleep quality, mobility, ability to wash and dry, ability to walk distances, and posture comfort. (dsm.com)
Measures The 34-item Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) was developed. (bmj.com)

The median baseline pain intensity was 65 on a pain scale of 0 to 100. (medscape.com)
recently demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between VAS scores and FFD (finger-to-floor distance) scores in DOLOR, demonstrating the beneficial effect of adjunctive vitamin B complex on both mobility and pain intensity among patients presenting with low back pain. (dsm.com)
Over 8 weeks, there were no differences in leg pain intensity score whether patients were on the drug or on placebo (mean unadjusted score of 3.7 versus 3.1), Christine Lin, PhD, of the George Institute for Global Health in Australia, and colleagues reported in the New England Journal of Medicine . (medpagetoday.com)
The primary outcome was leg pain intensity score (using a 10-point scale, with 10 being the worst pain) over 8 weeks, with additional evaluations at 1 year. (medpagetoday.com)

Last AR, Hulbert K. Chronic low back pain: evaluation and management. (medscape.com)
and agreement on the need to develop an evidence-based self-management program to be offered to low back pain patients. (edu.au)
Dr. Belay is an anesthesiologist and board-certified pain management specialist in a thriving private practice. (ama-assn.org)
Often, patients with chronic pain have undergone multiple evaluations and treatments prior to seeing a pain management physician. (ama-assn.org)
Injection of corticosteroids into the epidural space for the management of lumbar radicular pain was first recorded in 1952. (medscape.com)
Physical therapy (PT) early in the management of low back pain (LBP) is associated with reductions in subsequent health care utilization and LBP-related costs. (jabfm.org)
yet, there is much to discover in the application of vitamin B complex for lower back pain management. (dsm.com)
Working in pain management? (dsm.com)
First published in 2002, Clinical Pain Management is a comprehensive textbook for trainee and practicing specialists in Pain Management and related areas, presenting readers with all they need to know to provide a successful pain management service. (routledge.com)
Written and edited by a large team of acknowledged international aspects, the fully updated second edition of Clinical Pain Management remains an authoritative and comprehensive guide to this growing specialty and is an invaluable addition to the bookshelves of anyone training or working in the field of pain management. (routledge.com)
The Ochsner Back and Spine Center brings together award-winning medical experts from disciplines like orthopedics, neurosurgery, pain management, rehabilitation and psychiatry in our state-of-the-art facility. (ochsner.org)
Also, Dr. George was the and 21st John H.P. Maley Lecturer delivering Pain Management: Roadmap for Revolution, a talk in which future pain management priorities for education, research, and practice were identified. (duke.edu)
Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with acute low back pain recommend first-line treatment consisting of advice, reassurance and simple analgesics. (biomedcentral.com)
Taking back control of your life is a reality when pain management is used as part of a holistic approach to healing. (daykimball.org)
What is Pain Management? (daykimball.org)
See Pain Management: Concepts, Evaluation, and Therapeutic Options, a Critical Images slideshow, to help assess pain and establish efficacious treatment plans. (medscape.com)
The goal of any pain management strategy is to safely reduce pain and increase your ability to do everyday activities. (cdc.gov)
Patients were lifestyle changes and stress management to included in the study if the illness was more overcome anxiety [2]. (who.int)

Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain. (medscape.com)
In areas of the world where brucellosis is rare, the diagnosis may be missed even in patients who manifest typical signs, such as otherwise uncomplicated persistent undulating fever. (medscape.com)
This includes assessing their understanding of, and concerns about, diagnosis and pain, and the impact of pain on their life. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
Hospitalization rates were higher in patients with SLE after diagnosis and remained higher than comparators for the first 15 years of the disease. (cdc.gov)

Several nonopioid pharmacologic therapies can be used for chronic pain conditions. (cdc.gov)
SMT led to short term improvement in pain when compared with sham therapy and to a modest short term improvement in pain when compared with a group of therapies judged to be ineffective or possibly harmful. (bmj.com)
But chiropractors also use a variety of other therapies and modalities to address patients' needs. (kingdict.com)
A 2018 review by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) looked at the impact of therapies for chronic low-back pain at least 1 month after the end of treatment. (nih.gov)

Take over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol). (medlineplus.gov)
Currently established global clinical practice guidelines consistently recommend the use of acetaminophen as first-line and NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen, diclofenac and naproxen) as second-line treatments for low back pain. (dsm.com)
5 While both acetaminophen and NSAIDs have well-established efficacy and safety profiles, there exists a significant unmet need for patients who remain uncontrolled despite maximal therapy. (dsm.com)

Results: Most of the participants in the cryotherapy (75%) and the EPC (80%) groups reported declines in pain beyond the minimal clinically important difference although only the cryotherapy group exhibited a statistically significant decline (p=.01) in their back pain. (alliedacademies.org)
Participants We retrieved all lumbar MRIs performed on patients aged 18+ performed on Danish hospitals from 2008 to 2013 using the registries from Statistics Denmark. (bmj.com)
To be eligible for registry enrollment, participants must be from 21 to 79 years of age and meet the diagnostic criteria established by the National Institutes of Health Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain. (jabfm.org)
Participants are also required to have a physician who regularly treats their low back pain. (jabfm.org)
A 2017 evaluation of 49 studies of acupuncture for low-back pain with more than 7,900 participants found evidence that acupuncture has a modest benefit on acute low-back pain and a moderate benefit on chronic low-back pain. (nih.gov)
As compared with other age groups, participants by 2 trained social workers who patients aged 51-60 years and 61+ years were unaware of the subjects' physical and scored higher for the above characteristics mental conditions. (who.int)

A patient who is seeking opioid therapy is not necessarily an addict. (ama-assn.org)
Long-term opioid therapy among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in the community. (cdc.gov)

The etiology of this condition is commonly unknown and presents as persistent pain in the lower back [ 2 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Patients with persistent or fluctuating pain that lasts longer than three months are defined as having chronic low back pain. (aafp.org)

Acute low-back pain is often defined as pain that lasts for up to 4 weeks. (nih.gov)
If low-back pain lasts for 12 weeks or longer, it's called chronic . (nih.gov)

Kumar, S., Rani, S., Siwach, R., Verma, P. To compare the efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac versus chlorzoxazone, aceclofenac and paracetamol in patients with acute lower backache associated with muscle spasm. (glavobolie.org)

Clinical study of the efficacy and safety with combination flurbiprofen and pregabalin in patients with neck/low back pain. (glavobolie.org)
Two patients in the pregabalin group were subsequently determined to be ineligible and were excluded from the analysis. (medpagetoday.com)
The researchers added that since the study was not powered to detect the risk of suicidality, a known complication with these drugs, "it is important for doctors to continue to be cautious with regard to prescribing pregabalin to patients who are susceptible to self-harm. (medpagetoday.com)

Elsewhere, the Daily Mail reports on Danish research showing half of teens who present with 'growing pains' may not grow out of them - and could go on to develop osteoarthritis . (pulsetoday.co.uk)
The study found one quarter of people with osteoarthritis of the knee cap reported having knee pain as teenagers. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
Other research fields are osteoarthritis and patient education. (lu.se)

The researchers describe how they conducted and analyzed their case-crossover study on triggers of acute low back pain episodes in the journal Arthritis Care & Research . (medicalnewstoday.com)
She and her colleagues focused on episodes of acute low back pain - that is low back pain that comes and goes as opposed to chronic low back pain that does not go away. (medicalnewstoday.com)
For the study, they surveyed nearly 1,000 patients attending clinics in Sydney for episodes of acute low back pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Acute episodes of back pain are usually self-limited. (aafp.org)
Most episodes of low-back pain last only a short period of time. (nih.gov)
In most episodes of low back pain, a specific underlying cause is not identified or even looked for, with the pain believed to be due to mechanical problems such as muscle or joint strain . (wikipedia.org)

2 Two major guidelines in the United States address the treatment of chronic pain, including low back pain. (jabfm.org)

Problems with your gall bladder or pancreas may cause back pain. (medlineplus.gov)
If you have no sign of a serious cause for your back pain (such as loss of bowel or bladder control, weakness, weight loss, or fever), then you should stay as active as possible. (medlineplus.gov)
Urinary retention may be Acute Chronic Causes include impaired bladder contractility, bladder outlet obstruction. (msdmanuals.com)

Physician and patient engage in an unyielding counterforce where the patient's force matches the physician's force. (wikipedia.org)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare pain and back Range of Motion (ROM) measures among patients with LBP who received either cryotherapy or EPC immediately following three sessions of physiotherapy. (alliedacademies.org)
Back pain and four measures of back ROM were measured prior to beginning physiotherapy and immediately following the third session of physiotherapy. (alliedacademies.org)
Conclusion: Both cryotherapy and EPC following physiotherapy sessions can produce clinically important reductions in pain while only EPC resulted in improvements in back ROM. (alliedacademies.org)
In addition, cryotherapy, cold therapy or the application of ice is widely used in physiotherapy clinics during and following therapy sessions in order to reduce pain and/or increases in joint range of motion (ROM). (alliedacademies.org)
Intervention 2: Control group: patients with physiotherapy - 30 patients with acute low back pain are treated with physiotherapy for one month. (who.int)

The addition of the McKenzie method to first-line care produced statistically significant but small reductions in pain when compared to first-line care alone: mean of -0.4 points (95% confidence interval, -0.8 to -0.1) at 1 week, -0.7 points (95% confidence interval, -1.2 to -0.1) at 3 weeks, and -0.3 points (95% confidence interval, -0.5 to -0.0) over the first 7 days. (biomedcentral.com)

Soonawalla, D.F., Joshi, N. Efficacy of thiocolchicoside in Indian patients suffering from low back pain associated with muscle spasm. (glavobolie.org)

Your provider will try to determine the cause of your back pain and whether it is likely to quickly get better with simple measures such as ice, mild painkillers, physical therapy, and proper exercises. (medlineplus.gov)
During the physical exam, your provider will try to pinpoint the location of the pain and figure out how it affects your movement. (medlineplus.gov)
The effect of cryotherapy vs dynamic compression on pain and range of motion in acute low back pain patients following short-term Physical Therapy? (alliedacademies.org)
Etnoyer-Slaski J, Greenstein J, Topp R. The effect of cryotherapy vs dynamic compression on pain and range of motion in acute low back pain patients following short-term Physical Therapy? (alliedacademies.org)
Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain. (medscape.com)
The results showed the odds of a new back pain episode was significantly linked to a number of triggers - ranging from a nearly 3 times higher chance following moderate to vigorous physical activity to a 25 times higher chance after being distracted during an activity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A prospective, cohort study of patients with nonradicular low back pain referred to physical therapy. (researchgate.net)
Patients with chronic low back pain are more likely to see a family physician (65.0 percent) for their pain compared with orthopedists (55.9 percent), physical therapists (50.5 percent), and chiropractors (46.7 percent). (aafp.org)
SMT did not differ significantly from general practitioner (GP) care or analgesics, physical therapy or exercise, or back school (table). (bmj.com)
They can help you "avoid surgery and prescription drugs, maximize your mobility, manage pain and chronic conditions, and improve your physical function and fitness," according to ChoosePT.com, the consumer-information arm of the American Physical Therapy Association. (kingdict.com)
Though physical therapists also work with people to prevent injuries and improve their fitness, "it's typically pain that brings people in-pain that you are fairly certain is musculoskeletal in nature," says Ariele Foster, a holistic doctor of physical therapy and yoga teacher who practices in Washington, DC. (kingdict.com)
You'll have access to a comprehensive team of experts including orthopedists, neurosurgeons, pain specialists, physical therapists, addiction specialists, and more all in the same clinic. (ochsner.org)
Through our back and spine program you'll have access to a comprehensive team of fellowship trained including orthopedists, neurosurgeons, pain specialists, physical therapists and more. (ochsner.org)
Dr. George is an active member of the American Physical Therapy Association, American Pain Society, and International Association for the Study of Pain. (duke.edu)
Dr. George and his collaborators have authored over 200+ peer-reviewed publications in leading physical therapy, rehabilitation, and pain research journals. (duke.edu)
He currently serves as a Contributing Editor for Physical Therapy and Editorial Board Member for the Journal of Pain . (duke.edu)
Dr. George has been recognized with prestigious early career research awards from the American Physical Therapy Association ( Eugene Michels Award ), American Pain Society ( John C. Liebeskind Early Career Scholar Award ), and International Association for the Study of Pain ( Ulf Lindblom Young Investigator Award for Clinical Sciences ). (duke.edu)
Carisoprodol Tablets may have sedative properties (in the low back pain trials, 13% to 17% of patients who received Carisoprodol Tablets experienced sedation compared to 6% of patients who received placebo) [see ADVERSE REACTIONS (6.1)] and may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery. (nih.gov)
A patient is advised that the goal of pain medicines is to enable physical activity, not to eliminate pain. (safetyandquality.gov.au)

In addition the patients also reported pain and functional variables during the 3 measurement periods. (biomedcentral.com)
The seven different pain modalities in the pain drawing were correlated to pain and functional variables. (biomedcentral.com)
Pain modalities are significantly correlated with pain and functional variables. (biomedcentral.com)
Ever since 1949 when Harold Palmer [ 3 ] suggested pain drawings to distinguish functional pain from organic pain, the pain drawing has appealed to the medical society due to its possibility to describe relatively complex pain experiences and yet be simple for the patient to use. (biomedcentral.com)
No association between the various pain modalities and pain or functional variables has been shown in patients with acute or sub-acute low back pain. (biomedcentral.com)
The objectives of this report were firstly to investigate how pain drawing markings change over time among non-selected primary health care patients with sub-acute low back pain regardless of type of treatment, secondly to correlate the various pain modalities with self-reported pain and functional variables and thirdly to study the influence of pain radiation on the pain-modality-function. (biomedcentral.com)
Early return to work has benefits for relief of back pain and functional recovery after controlling for multiple confounds. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: An early RTW improves acute LBP and functional recovery, and alternate confounding explanations only partially eclipse this therapeutic effect. (cdc.gov)
A surgical evaluation may be considered for select patients with functional disabilities or refractory pain despite multiple nonsurgical treatments. (aafp.org)
pain (visual analogue or other scales) and functional status (back pain specific scales). (bmj.com)
1 Low back pain is also associated with absenteeism/presenteeism in the workplace, altered functional status, and lower health-related quality-of-life. (dsm.com)
Obstructive renal failure is defined as acute or chronic obstruction of the urinary tract, occurring bilaterally or in a single anatomical or functional kidney. (scirp.org)

Is a Unilateral Surgical Approach Effective in Patients with Bilateral Leg Pain with Unilateral Lumbar Disc Herniation? (researchgate.net)

Pain drawings are widely used as an assessment of patients' subjective pain in low back pain patients being considered for surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
Because pain is primarily a subjective complaint, it is often difficult to determine whether a patient is seeking substances for abuse or simply seeking better pain control. (ama-assn.org)
The team used several measures including the 4-item Subjective Happiness Scale (only using the first 3-items due to participant confusion with the last) as well as self-reported demographics, pain ratings, experience of life, somatic domains, and affective domains. (hcplive.com)
Primarily, the subjective nature of pain, as well as the vast disparity in treatment responses to NSAIDs across various patient subgroups necessitate an individualized approach to both future research programs as well as clinical guidelines attempting to address this widespread clinical concern. (dsm.com)
The moral of the story: be purposeful and well-intentioned in your documentation and tell the patient story, focusing on the SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, and plan) note. (medlearn.com)

Radicular pain often is the result of nerve root inflammation with or without mechanical irritation. (medscape.com)
Inflammation within the epidural space and nerve roots, as can be provoked by a herniated disk, is a significant factor in causing radicular pain. (medscape.com)
If dorsal root ganglia are chronically compressed and irritated, this theoretically can lead to their sensitization and resultant radicular pain. (medscape.com)
Similar mechanisms of radicular pain are postulated to occur in the thoracic and cervical spine as well. (medscape.com)
If a nerve root is affected, pain may radiate distally along the distribution of that root (radicular pain). (msdmanuals.com)

This was a descriptive retrospective data collection study of patients managed for obstructive kidney disease in the Nephrology Department of Point G University Hospital from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018 (16 months). (scirp.org)

This device produced intermittent compression massage of the quads, hamstrings, IT bands, glutes, and lower back for 20 minutes. (alliedacademies.org)

There's low- or moderate-quality evidence that a variety of mind and body practices, including acupuncture , electromyography biofeedback , low-level laser therapy , mindfulness-based stress reduction , progressive muscle relaxation , spinal manipulation , tai chi , and yoga , may be helpful for chronic low-back pain. (nih.gov)
There's low-quality evidence that acupuncture , massage therapy , and spinal manipulation may be helpful for acute low-back pain. (nih.gov)
The mind and body practices mentioned above (acupuncture, electromyography biofeedback, low-level laser therapy, massage therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, progressive muscle relaxation, spinal manipulation, tai chi, and yoga) have good safety records when used appropriately. (nih.gov)
It found that acupuncture was associated with slightly greater effects on pain and function at 1-6 months when compared to controls, such as sham (simulated) acupuncture or usual care. (nih.gov)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine inpatient health care utilization in an incident cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with the general population. (cdc.gov)

From December 2000 to March 2001 physicians attribute low-back pain to psy- more than 450 people were admitted to the chological stress and accordingly prescribe hospitals for low back pain. (who.int)

Anatomy7

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes5

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care12

Nonspecific low back3

Outcomes18

Disability21

Approaches for treat1

Symptoms16

Subacute7

20221

Opioids16

Psychosocial6

Methods9

Episode of acute3

Severe9

Disorders6

Medications13

History of acute2

Sciatica12

Clinical Practice2

Painful4

Duration9

Musculoskeletal conditions1

Less than 6 weeks1

Discomfort6

Prevalence7

Psychological5

Neck pain5

Spinal stenosis2

Lumbar disk herniation2

Clinicians4

Interventions3

Standardized spinal manipulation1

20211

Outpatient2

Chronic back pain4

Adults5

Questionnaire2

Intensity4

Management18

Diagnosis4

Therapies4

Acetaminophen3

Participants6

Opioid therapy2

Persistent2

Lasts2

Backache1

Pregabalin3

Osteoarthritis3

Episodes6

Treatment of chronic1

Bladder3

Patient's1

Physiotherapy5

Reductions in pain1

Joshi1

Physical19

Functional12

Disc herniation1

Subjective5

Radicular5

20171

Intermittent1

Acupuncture4

Systemic1

Prescribe1