Pathways that regulate cell cycle and apoptosis cell cycle regulation cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Boswellia sacra essential oil hydrodistilled at 100 o C was more potent than the essential oil prepared at 78 o C in inducing cancer cell death, preventing the cellular network formation (MDA-MB-231) cells on Matrigel, causing the breakdown of multicellular tumor spheroids (T47D cells), and regulating molecules involved in apoptosis, signal transduction, and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
T he presence and activity of various proteins are required in the cell cycle progression. (ukessays.com)
We verified that PGM1 suppresses CRC progression via the PI3K/AKT pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified a new mechanism by which PGM1 suppresses CRC progression by regulating glucose translocation via the PI3K/AKT pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Normally, cyclin interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) to form a cyclin-CDK complex, which promotes cell cycle progression, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) molecules inhibit the formation of cyclin-CDK complex, arresting cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, this study provides a novel evidence for clinical significance of RASSF7 as a potential biomarker, and demonstrates that RASSF7- MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway might be a novel pathway involved in HCC progression. (cellmolbiol.org)
A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
Functionally, miR-216b was found to be closely associated with BC progression via inactivating mTOR signaling pathway by targeting HK2 . (ijbs.com)
Taken together, our findings indicated that miR-216b down-regulates HK2 to inactivate the mTOR signaling pathway, thus inhibiting the progression of BC. (ijbs.com)
Positive regulating molecules help promote movement from one phase to another while negative regulators stop progression. (byui.edu)
12 The activation of cyclin/CDK complex accelerates cell cycle progression, which are regulated by phosphorylation. (jcpjournal.org)
Nak1 is required by fission yeast for polarizing the tips of actin cytoskeleton and is involved in cell growth, cell separation, cell morphology and cell-cycle progression. (umbc.edu)
MST3 phosphorylates the STK NDR and may play a role in cell cycle progression and cell morphology. (umbc.edu)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

The serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines as well as the expression of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in colonic tissue were also analyzed. (carcinogenesis.com)
These findings indicate that the doenjang attenuated colon carcinogenesis induced by AOM and DSS by ameliorating the symptoms of colon cancer, reducing the occurrence of neoplasia, regulating proinflammatory cytokine levels, and controlling the expressions of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in the colonic tissue. (carcinogenesis.com)
Initiation and propagation of tumors reflect underlying genomic alterations such as mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations found in genes of multiple cellular pathways. (hindawi.com)
miR-149 is a type of miRNA, which can regulate the biological functions of tumors by targeting multiple genes, such as TGF- β 2, GIT1, and HDAC4 [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Gene-expression arrays revealed that curcumin and AKBA regulated distinct cancer signaling pathways, including key cell-cycle regulatory genes. (arjunanatural.com)
In this study, we analyzed for the first time circRNAs expression profile and the biological function of these genes after FMDV infection of host cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We will focus on the use of antisense oligonucleotides, cell cycle analysis, and luciferase reporter genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway analysis of up- and down-regulated genes demonstrated that apoptosis, p53 signaling pathway, and cell cycle are involved significantly. (go.jp)
Regulates the activity of cellular genes, including c-myc and c-fos (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

PGM1 knockdown stimulated both cell proliferation and colony formation, and inhibited cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while overexpression of PGM1 produced the opposite effects in CRC cells both in vivo and in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we found that hSulf-1 overexpression in melanoma cells can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by decreasing the protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and limiting CDK4 nuclear import. (oncotarget.com)
Moreover, cell viability, migration and invasion were reduced as a result of miR-216b upregulation or HK2 silencing, while autophagy, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were induced. (ijbs.com)
To investigate the mechanism of EESR-mediated cytotoxicity, HT29 cells were treated with various concentrations of EESR and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and Western blot analysis. (jcpjournal.org)
EESR possessing antioxidant activity efficiently inhibits proliferation of HT29 cells by inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
6 , 7 Therefore, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is being an important preventive strategy against cancer. (jcpjournal.org)
The available data suggest that USP7 inhibitors induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells through the p53 pathway, and sensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibitor-induced cell death [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)

Cell cycle ratio and apoptosis in the two groups were determined using flow cytometry, while Pi3k/Akt signal route-linked protein levels were assayed by immunoblot method. (ajol.info)
Ormerod MG. Investigating the relationship between the cell cycle and apoptosis using flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell apoptosis or cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and chromosome misalignment was observed by a fluorescent microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)

si-Prok1 arrests cell cycle, induces apoptotic changes, and inhibits the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells through a mechanism related to the regulation of Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway. (ajol.info)
PGM1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) proliferation and growth by utilizing sufficient extracellular glucose to convert glycogen, while deletion of the PGM1 gene inhibits glycogen synthesis and leads to glycolysis of additional glucose, thus promoting tumor cell proliferation and growth [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Radiosensitizes both proliferating and quiescent mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to IR and inhibits DSB repair. (tocris.com)
We found that, in the erythropoietin-induced, CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation system, knockdown of p19 INK4d delays terminal erythroid differentiation, inhibits erythroblast growth due to increased apoptosis, and leads to the generation of abnormally nucleated late-stage erythroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein induces p19(ink4d) expression and inhibits the proliferation of h1299 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
hSulf-1 reduces the sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in the extracellular matrix and inhibits binding between various cell growth factors and their receptors. (oncotarget.com)

Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Epirubicin, a DNA damaging anticancer agent and CoCl 2 , which was used to imitate hypoxia condition, was applied to induce DNA damage in TIGAR knockdown HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
DNA damage in HepG2 cells after TIGAR knockdown with or without treatment of epirubicin or CoCl 2 was detected by Comet assay. (nature.com)
Our results showed that IRF6 knockdown in normal breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A, reduced percentage of cells in S-phase, which was increased by Notch activation. (iyte.edu.tr)
IRF6 knockdown induced early apoptosis and reduced BCSCs, however it has no effect downstream of Notch in these processes. (iyte.edu.tr)
Unexpectedly, knockdown of p19 INK4d did not affect cell cycle, and these functions caused by p19 INK4d knockdown were via decreasing levels of GATA-binding protein 1 (GATA1). (biomedcentral.com)
However, as shown in our study, p19 INK4d played important roles independent of cell cycle regulation, and the lack of cell cycle change was probably due to the compensatory up-regulation of p18 INK4c following p19 INK4d knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
Knockdown of RASSF7 suppressed cell growth, induced G1-S phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. (cellmolbiol.org)
Either USP7 or PLK1 knockdown by RNAi significantly sensitized taxane-resistant cells to taxane cell killing. (biomedcentral.com)

Which signaling pathways are fundamental for describing HMGB1 signal transduction, and what mechanisms are responsible to explain recent results linking overexpression of HMGB1 with decrease of apoptosis (and increased cancer cell survival)? (biomedcentral.com)
Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN28 were cultured and transfected with miR-149 overexpression plasmid and its control or FOXC1 siRNA and its control. (hindawi.com)
miRNA-149 was underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, while overexpression of miRNA-149 promoted cell apoptosis, retarded cell cycle, and inhibited proliferation and migration in AGS and MKN28 cells. (hindawi.com)
Upon cytokine stimulation, STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation (pYSTAT5) is transient, while in diverse neoplastic cells persistent overexpression and enhanced pYSTAT5 are frequently found. (nature.com)
Overexpression of Notch1 can also supress proliferation in breast epithelial cells depending on dosage and cell type. (iyte.edu.tr)
IRF6 overexpression induces cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells showing a tumor suppressor role. (iyte.edu.tr)
In contrast, while caspase-2-deficiency led to an increased proportion of S-phase cells and a progressive decrease in the proportion of G1-phase cells following treatment with arresting concentrations of the DNA damaging agent camptothecin and increased DNA damage following S-phase arrest, overexpression of Bcl-X L did not change the cell cycle profiles or the amount of DNA damage. (nature.com)
Overexpression and silencing of RASSF7 were performed to measure the impact on HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. (cellmolbiol.org)
Overexpression of RASSF7 promoted HCC cell proliferation, drived G1-S phase cell cycle transition and inhibited apoptosis. (cellmolbiol.org)

1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
Our data indicated that a total of 47 key targets were screened, which mainly involved in three function modules including the inhibition of inflammation, the regulation of immunological response, and the suppression of oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of notch signaling by gamma secretase inhibitor engages the rb pathway and elicits cell cycle exit in t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In most cancers, hSulf-1 is inactivated, which endows cancer cells with increasesed cell proliferation and metastatic activities, inhibition of apoptosis, and decreased sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
The decreased expression of hSulf-1 is closely related to cancer cell proliferation, increased metastatic activity, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduced sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy [ 3 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Pharmacological USP7 inhibition by P5091 retarded cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
USP7 as a deubiquitinase sustained PLK1 protein stability via the C223 site, and inversely, USP7 inhibition by P5091 promoted the protein degradation of PLK1 through the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
USP7 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, and overcomes taxane resistance by inducing the protein degradation of PLK1, resulting in chromosome misalignment in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
USP7 specifically dequbiquitinates and stabilizes both p53 and MDM2 to various degrees, and USP7 inhibition is expected to inactivate MDM2 and activate p53, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in cancer cells with functional p53 signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The bioinformatic analysis shows that assessed miRNAs are associated with regulating signaling pathways involved in cancer, apoptosis, cell cycle, inflammation, metabolism, etc. (bvsalud.org)
Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 could be required for nutrient sensing and metabolism of cancer cells. (nature.com)
16 Cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of O-GlcNAc, possibly to adjust to stringent metabolic demands and O-GlcNAcylation is a key metabolic regulator of glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
TIP30 regulates lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating SREBP1 through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. (cellmolbiol.org)
Resistance involves PDAC stem cells which have unique characteristics including enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, and altered metabolism that contributes to their plastic nature and chemoresistant phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Affects various cell signaling pathways, host immunity and lipid metabolism (Probable). (proteopedia.org)
Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
The emergence of these findings, suggesting a direct control of cellular metabolism by tumorigenic pathways, has helped fuel explosive growth in this area of cancer research. (aacrjournals.org)
The metabolism of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and related compounds is required for urinary and biliary excretion, and the rate of metabolism is thought to play a major role in regulating the rate of elimination (and detoxification) of these compounds (Van den Berg et al. (cdc.gov)

In p53 wt tumors, apoptosis increased 4 and 6 hours after irradiation, and then GFAP-positive cells increased. (go.jp)
Despite its pro-apoptotic role, caspase-2-deficient tumors have comparable basal apoptosis levels to wild-type tumors [3, 4]. (nature.com)
Unresponsiveness may result, at least in part, because these therapies only target cancer cells and neglect the complex microenvironment around tumors that undergo drastic changes during disease development [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Breast metastatic tumors in lung can be substituted by lung-derived malignant cells transformed by alternative splicing H19 lncRNA. (medscape.com)
This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)

KYQG exhibited the therapeutic effects on oral ulcers probably by inhibiting inflammation, regulating immunological response, and suppressing oxidative stress through a complex multi-pathways network. (biomedcentral.com)
NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
The 5LO pathway in AD promotes increases in inflammation in the brain. (redolaughlin.com)
These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)

Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Chen C, Song G, Xiang J, Zhang H, Zhao S, Zhan Y. AURKA promotes cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinoma. (cellmolbiol.org)
RHAMM regulates MMTV-PyMT-induced lung metastasis by connecting STING-dependent DNA damage sensing to interferon/STAT1 pro-apoptosis signaling. (medscape.com)

Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)

It has long been noted that caspase-2-deficient cells proliferate faster [2], and elegant studies have shown that caspase-2 induces cell cycle arrest following cytokinesis failure [5]. (nature.com)

miRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression by binding with 3 - UTR of the target gene. (hindawi.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

Phosphorylation plays critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes, including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis and signal transduction pathways. (ucsd.edu)
Therefore, the understanding of the diverse signalling molecules, signal recognition mechanisms and signal transduction pathways is fundamental for the insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. (mdpi.com)

It is the most common mechanism of regulating protein function and transmitting signals throughout the cell. (ucsd.edu)
Therefore, investigating the expression and regulation of miRNAs may elucidate the mechanism of gastric cancer. (hindawi.com)
The following protocol was used to determine the mechanism for the reduced expression of an antiapoptotic factor, survivin, in normal tissues in response to radiation and the defect in cancer cells that prevents this reduction. (biomedcentral.com)
If apoptosis is not an essential mechanism for its tumor suppression function, then a role in regulating the cell cycle may be. (nature.com)
AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
An important anti-tumor mechanism of hSulf-1 operates by decreasing downstream AKT signaling pathway activity and inhibiting the nuclear import of CDK4. (oncotarget.com)
One important mechanism of carcinogenesis is uncontrolled cell proliferation caused by the excessive activation of cell proliferation signals. (oncotarget.com)
To explore the role of RASSF7 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells proliferation and molecular mechanism. (cellmolbiol.org)
Futhermore, the molecular mechanism of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulation by RASSF7 was explored. (cellmolbiol.org)
BC cells were further transfected with a series of miR-216b mimic or inhibitor, or siRNA targeting HK2 , so as to analyze the regulatory mechanism of miR-216b, HK2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and to further explore their regulation in BC cellular behaviors. (ijbs.com)
The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of ethanol extract of S. rufopilosa (EESR) and to determine the molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. (jcpjournal.org)
Subramani (2019) said that Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of intercellular signaling or cell-cell communication and a vital regulatory mechanism for coordinating biofilm formation including common activities and physiological processes such as symbiosis, formation of spores or fruiting bodies, antibiotics synthesis, genetic competence, apoptosis, and virulence in many bacterial species using extracellular QS signaling molecules, which is often referred to as autoinducers. (learnlifescience.com)
Fusion with the host cell is most likely mediated by both E1 and E2, through conformational rearrangements of the heterodimer required for fusion rather than a classical class II fusion mechanism (PubMed:16533059, PubMed:29505618, PubMed:24698129). (proteopedia.org)
however, its role in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis and the underlying mechanism are largely unknown. (cdc.gov)
This study reveals a novel mechanism linking .O(-)(2) with Bcl-2 stability and provides a new dimension to ROS-mediated Bcl-2 downregulation and apoptosis induction. (cdc.gov)
The mechanisms by which isocyanates cause asthma remain unclear, hampering disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.7 It is assumed the reactive nature of N=C=O groups underlies isocyanate asthma, with a hapten-based mechanism as the most obvious pathway to pathogenesis.8 However, the critical "self" reaction targets for isocyanate in vivo remain uncertain. (cdc.gov)

We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
By overexpressing PLK1, USP7 that had been depleted by RNAi ceased to induce chromosome misalignment in mitosis and again supported cell proliferation and cell survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are redox cycling environmental carcinogens that induce apoptosis as the primary mode of cell death. (cdc.gov)

In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways are caused by the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation in body. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
In this review, we sorted out the relationship of Rhizoma coptidis among components, diseases and NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/ERS/oxidative stress pathways, systematically studying on how Rhizoma coptidis exerts beneficial effects to various diseases, which supported the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and provided references for the future researches. (springer.com)
Anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress are two common pathways for AD to grow in brain tissue. (redolaughlin.com)
Dr. Otto Warburg first described, more than 80 years ago, that a fundamental biochemical difference between tumor cells and their normal counterparts was that tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP generation, unlike most normal differentiated cells of the body, which use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)

Loss of PTEN elevates PIP3 levels, promoting cell survival and tumorigenesis. (ucsd.edu)
Moreover, the models also predict that mutations of RAS, ARF and P21 in the context of HMGB1 signaling can influence the cancer cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - through the crosstalk of different pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
In this paper, we ask the following questions: How do these proteins and their mutations change the cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - when HMGB1 signal transduction is activated? (biomedcentral.com)
Previous study revealed that the protective effect of TIGAR in cell survival is mediated through the increase in PPP (pentose phosphate pathway) flux. (nature.com)
The Cdk5-AMT signal pathway involved in regulation of DDR by TIGAR defines a new role of TIGAR in cancer cell survival and it suggests that TIGAR may be a therapeutic target for cancers. (nature.com)
We have previously reported that TIGAR plays a pro-survival role in cancer cells through increase PPP flux 19 . (nature.com)
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) regulates differentiation, survival, proliferation and transformation of hematopoietic cells. (nature.com)
3 STAT5 regulated signaling controls important functions of innate and acquired immunity, hematopoiesis, and also growth and survival of many cell types in different organs responding to extracellular cytokines. (nature.com)
BDNF promotes cell survival and differentiation needed in different brain cells. (redolaughlin.com)
In a study on biofilm, Stoodley (2002) showed that biofilm formation seems to be an ancient and fundamental part of the life cycles of many microorganisms and essential for survival in diverse environments. (learnlifescience.com)

In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
MST4 plays a role in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling during cytoskeletal rearrangement, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. (umbc.edu)

Studies indicate that a shortage of functioning ribosomes may increase apoptosis of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, resulting in a low number of red blood cells (anemia). (medlineplus.gov)

Liu T, Ye P, Ye Y, Han B. MicroRNA-216b targets HK2 to potentiate autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. (ijbs.com)

RASSF7 Hepatocellular carcinoma Proliferation Cell cycle MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. (cellmolbiol.org)

Dixon is an internationally recognized scientist in the field of reversible phosphorylation - a biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound and, in the context of cells, serves as a fundamental master control switch by which proteins and their functions can be altered after they have formed. (ucsd.edu)
Further studies with pharmacological and genetic approaches revealed that TIGAR regulated the phosphorylation of ATM, a key protein in DDR, through Cdk5. (nature.com)
We found that O-GlcNAcylation and tyrosine phosphorylation act together to trigger pYSTAT5 levels and oncogenic transcription in neoplastic cells. (nature.com)
Cytokine binding to the cell surface leads to phosphorylation of the receptor complex by receptor associated Janus kinases (JAKs) at tyrosine residues. (nature.com)
This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
Two biochemical processes, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation drive cell cycle control. (benthamscience.com)
As cyclin concentrations fluctuate according to timing events in the cell cycle, different complexes of cyclin/Cdk complexes form which result in different phosphorylation activities. (byui.edu)

There was a significantly higher apoptosis in si-Prok1 group. (ajol.info)
Both curcumin and AKBA inhibited cellular proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cell lines, and these effects were significantly enhanced with combined treatment. (arjunanatural.com)
Caspase-2-deficient cells show a significantly higher percentage of S-phase-associated chromosomal aberrations. (nature.com)
RASSF7 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and correlated with AFP, poor tumor histology and T stage. (cellmolbiol.org)
Coupling of single cardiomyocytes significantly decreases the beat-to-beat changes in action potential duration (APD) due to the electrotonic current flow between neighboring cells. (unideb.hu)

Targets transcription factors involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses and in the immune response: suppresses NF-kappa-B activation, and activates AP-1 (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)

The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
The primary form of regulation occurs by altering the concentration of the cyclin/Cdk ratios. (byui.edu)
It is the amount and activity of the cyclin/Cdk activities that signal the cell to continue to different phases. (byui.edu)
As the levels of p53 increase, p21 becomes triggered which reinforces the stopping of the cell cycle by inhibiting cyclin/Cdk complexes. (byui.edu)
EESR induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner by modulating cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK inhibitor p21 expression. (jcpjournal.org)
8 , 9 Cell cycle program is regulated by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. (jcpjournal.org)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

Overall, hSulf-1 function in melanoma cells provides an ideal molecular treatment target. (oncotarget.com)
In this chapter, I briefly review these epidemiological findings and the three molecular pathways currently proposed to link body weight gain and cancer risk. (benthamscience.com)
Despite the fact that these molecular pathways, vary and depend on both sex and the type of cancer, I briefly discuss the possible roles of three hormonal systems, the adipose derived hormones, the Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) axis and sex steroids, in linking obesity and cancer risk. (benthamscience.com)
In this sense, the lack of technologies that would allow for molecular screening of individual stromal cell types poses a major challenge for the development of therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
During the past decades, an increasing body of work has shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells. (biomedcentral.com)
New strategies including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors explore molecular targets that are normally deregulated in cancer cells, and represent a new hope for patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Reuben J. Shaw, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. (aacrjournals.org)

Consistently, the essential oil represses signaling pathways and cell cycle regulators that have been proposed as therapeutic targets for breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
the crucial targets were captured through the network analysis, and the biological pathways were also enriched. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent data suggest that the chemopreventive effects of these botanicals may, in part, be mediated through regulation of key cancer-related microRNAs (miRNA) and their downstream gene targets. (arjunanatural.com)
Cul4a targets p27 for degradation and regulates proliferation, cell cycle exit, and differentiation during erythropoiesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
In PDAC, miRNAs have been demonstrated to modulate key targets and pathways such as KRAS, TP53, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and Hedgehog signaling, and their aberrant expression is associated with chemoresistance (14). (biomedcentral.com)
This lack of success may result in part from the fact that most studies focus on tumor cells as potential therapeutic targets and neglect the complex microenvironment that undergoes profound changes during tumor development. (biomedcentral.com)
Progress in microenvironment genetic studies represents a formidable opportunity for the development of new selective drugs because stromal cells have lower mutation rates than malignant cells, and should prove to be good targets for therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The human gastric epithelial permanent cell line (GES-1), human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, BGC-823, MKN45, and SGC-7901), and HEK293 cells were provided by the Biomedical Experiment Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University. (hindawi.com)
It was recently identified that IRF6 is a mediator of Notch in proliferation and transformation of breast epithelial cells. (iyte.edu.tr)
In a vast majority of organs, distinct epithelial tissues form the parenchyma, whereas the stroma constitutes a complex compartment composed of different cell types including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, vessel cells, pericytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
E1/E2 heterodimer binding on CD81 activates the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway (PubMed:22855500). (proteopedia.org)
We report that ROS, specifically superoxide anion (.O(-)(2), mediates Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis of human lung epithelial H460 cells. (cdc.gov)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.015 epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells. (cdc.gov)

We propose a model where caspase-2 regulates the cell cycle and protects DNA replication forks to prevent DNA damage accrual in a pathway distinct from its apoptotic role. (nature.com)
This indicates a role distinct from caspase-2's reported role in inducing apoptosis to remove damaged or aneuploid cells [7][8]. (nature.com)
While other groups have demonstrated non-apoptotic roles for caspase-2 in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest [2], this is the first demonstration that these roles are regulated by a distinct pathway to apoptosis. (nature.com)
Thus, caspase-2 activation during replication stress engages a pathway distinct from that engaged by cytokinesis failure. (nature.com)
Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
Three distinct AP morphologies were used: human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac myocyte (hES-CM) APs with a relatively slow upstroke and canine endocardial and epicardial ventricular myocytes with rapid upstrokes.Results: All three APs elicited both early and late INa. (unideb.hu)
Badhai J, Frojmark AS, J Davey E, Schuster J, Dahl N. Ribosomal protein S19 and S24 insufficiency cause distinct cell cycle defects in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. (medlineplus.gov)

In this work, we construct a simple model of HMGB1 signal transduction to investigate tumorigenesis on the basis of known signaling pathway studies [ 16 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a class of non‐coding RNAs that are widespread in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and are structurally and functionally different from linear RNA molecules [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
Most c-di-GMP-dependent signaling pathways control the ability of bacteria to interact with abiotic surfaces or with other bacterial and eukaryotic cells (Romling et al, 2013). (learnlifescience.com)

Both curcumin and boswellic acids are well-established dietary botanicals with potent antitumorigenic properties that have been shown to modulate multiple oncogenic pathways. (arjunanatural.com)

Biosynthesis occurring within the cell supplies the necessary components and imparts a selective advantage to neoplastic cells [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
16 The cycling of O-GlcNAc is dependent upon UDP-GlcNAc, synthesized in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, 17 which serves as substrate for the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). (nature.com)

If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
An augmented understanding of the common mechanisms of pathology among larger numbers of B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (BCNHL) patients is sorely needed. (fortunepublish.com)
This analysis supports past findings and validates existing knowledge while providing novel insights into the inner workings and mechanisms of transformed B-cell lymphomas that could give rise to improved diagnostics and/or therapeutics. (fortunepublish.com)
However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
Defects in apoptosis regulatory mechanisms contribute to carcinogenesis induced by Cr(VI). (cdc.gov)

To investigate the regulatory influence of Prok1 on apoptotic and proliferative changes in PCOS, and the implication of Pi3k/Akt/nf-κ B signaling pathway in the process. (ajol.info)

Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The objective of this study was to optimize conditions for preparing Boswellea sacra essential oil with the highest biological activity in inducing tumor cell-specific cytotoxicity and suppressing aggressive tumor phenotypes in human breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Boswellia sacra essential oil-mediated cell viability and death were studied in established human breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-231) and an immortalized normal human breast cell line (MCF10-2A). (biomedcentral.com)
All three human breast cancer cell lines were sensitive to essential oil treatment with reduced cell viability and elevated cell death, whereas the immortalized normal human breast cell line was more resistant to essential oil treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Similar to our previous observations in human bladder cancer cells, Boswellia sacra essential oil induces breast cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
Suppression of cellular network formation and disruption of spheroid development of breast cancer cells by Boswellia sacra essential oil suggest that the essential oil may be effective for advanced breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
We have developed a rule-based model of crosstalk between the HMGB1 signaling pathway and other key cancer signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-149 and FOXC1 in gastric cancer tissues and cells. (hindawi.com)
Several studies have confirmed that miRNA can be used as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene to regulate the occurrence and development of gastric cancer [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of miR-149 on the biological functions of gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXC1. (hindawi.com)
Results showed that TIGAR was increased and relocated to the nucleus after epirubicin or hypoxia treatment in cancer cells. (nature.com)
Here, we investigated the antitumorigenic effects of curcumin and 3 acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) on modulation of specific cancer-related miRNAs in colorectal cancer cells and validated their protective effects in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. (arjunanatural.com)
We discovered that curcumin and AKBA induced upregulation of tumor-suppressive miR-34a and downregulation of miR-27a in colorectal cancer cells. (arjunanatural.com)
Herein, we provide novel mechanistic evidence for the chemopreventive effects of curcumin and AKBA through regulation of specific miRNAs in colorectal cancer. (arjunanatural.com)
Regulating miRNA by natural agents as a new strategy for cancer treatment. (arjunanatural.com)
We also examined ways to overcome survivin over expression in cancer cells in order to sensitize them to radiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Altieri DC, Marchisio PC, Marchisio C. Survivin apoptosis: an interloper between cell death and cell proliferation in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, it was aimed to identify whether IRF6 has any effect on cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and breast cancer stem cell population (BCSCs) under Notch and whether IRF6 has a role in expression of luminal and basal markers in breast cell lines. (iyte.edu.tr)
In most cancer cell lines and tumor tissues, hSulf-1 expression levels are markedly decreased. (oncotarget.com)
RASSF7 is recently reported to be up-regulated in several types of cancer. (cellmolbiol.org)
Role of ADAM17 in invasion and migration of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells after irradiation. (cellmolbiol.org)
In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
Inhibitory effect of EESR on cancer cell growth and proliferation was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. (jcpjournal.org)
The abnormal cell growth is one of the critical characteristics of cancer for invasion or spreading out to other parts of the body. (jcpjournal.org)
Cancer cells can grow unusually via limitless number of cell division and can avoid apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
Both USP7 and PLK1 were overexpressed in taxane-resistant cancer cells, and negatively correlated with the MP scores in tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest a strong link between ovulatory menstrual cycles and the risk of developing breast cancer, with progesterone playing an important role. (medscape.com)
miR-203 drives breast cancer cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)

However, better understanding of the role of increased JAK-STAT signaling [either through activating mutations ( JAK2 , MPL515L/K ) within the signaling pathway, or mutations involving CALR ], the role of deregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and the impaired bone marrow microenvironment is transforming the treatment approach for MF. (haematologica.org)

O-GlcNAcylation regulates the transcriptional activity of p53, c-Myc, FoxO1 and CREB, as well as components of the basal transcription machinery, for example, the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. (nature.com)
Unexpected role for p19ink4d in post-transcriptional regulation of gata1 and modulation of human terminal erythropoiesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
UBA1 participates in ubiquitination and the NEDD8 pathway for protein folding and degradation, among many other biological processes. (wikipedia.org)
EESR-induced apoptosis was associated with the upregulation of p53, a death receptor Fas, and a pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the activation of caspase 3, 8, and 9, resulting in the degradation of PARP. (jcpjournal.org)
Prevents the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma signaling pathways and by blocking the formation of phosphorylated STAT1 and promoting ubiquitin-mediated proteasome-dependent degradation of STAT1 (PubMed:23799612) (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
Superoxide-mediated proteasomal degradation of Bcl-2 determines cell susceptibility to Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

Biopsy findings were consistent with small noncleaved cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (medscape.com)
Our findings provide greater understanding of the role that CDKIs play in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)

CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)

CyclinE is a cell cycle regulatory protein which regulates the G1-S phase transition during cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Combined bioinformatics and in silico analysis identified apoptosis, proliferation, and cell-cycle regulatory signaling pathways as key modulators of curcumin and AKBA-induced anticancer effects. (arjunanatural.com)

Burkitt lymphoma, or small noncleaved cell lymphoma, is a highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by the translocation and deregulation of the c-myc gene on chromosome 8. (medscape.com)
It possesses a unique forkhead domain combined with a fragment of the target gene to initiate transcription [ 10 ] and regulates various biological processes such as tumor cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
The biological function of the differentially expressed circRNAs was determined by protein interaction network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment. (biomedcentral.com)
There was little difference between the gene expression profiles induced by carbon ion beams and those by X-rays, but the extent of up- or down-regulation was more evident after carbon ion irradiation than after X-rays. (go.jp)
This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

MicroRNAs control the levels of numerous cell cycle regulators that controls cell proliferation. (ukessays.com)
Molecules that help regulate the cell cycle can be categorized into two groups: positive and negative regulators. (byui.edu)
Proteins called cyclins and cylcin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are considered positive cell cycle regulators and act by phosphorylating other proteins. (byui.edu)

In our paper published in Oncogene [6], we show that caspase-2 plays an essential role in regulating normal cell division by protecting DNA replication forks from replication stress. (nature.com)

An extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is one pathway the brain uses for signaling and memory. (redolaughlin.com)
These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). (learnlifescience.com)
The formation of biofilm is mainly regulated by some extracellular cues. (learnlifescience.com)

The results showed an up-regulation in the expression levels of assessed miRNAs (miR-155, miR-146, and miR-21) after PBMCs were exposed to DDE. (bvsalud.org)
Interestingly, high levels of PAHs promoted augmented expression of AhR, which is a protein involved in the modulation of inflammatory pathways in vivo, suggesting that cell signaling of AhR may be implicated in several pathogenesis processes. (bvsalud.org)
As a consequence, any modulations of the target transcript expression, miRNAs can affect various signalling pathways and cellular process such as apoptosis, proliferation or differentiation. (ukessays.com)
To define a role of TIGAR in DNA damage, TIGAR expression was knocked down with siRNA in HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
In this study, we established circRNA expression profiles in FMDV-infected PK-15 cells using RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing) technology analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple techniques are used to examine differential expression of proteins in cells and assess changes in protein expression in response to therapies such as radiation. (biomedcentral.com)
We also used a machine learning approach to identify robust BCNHL biomarkers that include YES1, FERMT2, and FAM98B, which have not previously been associated with BCNHL in the literature, but together provide ~99.9% combined specificity and sensitivity for differentiating lymphoma cells from healthy B-cells based on measurement of transcript expression levels in B-cells. (fortunepublish.com)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)

Based on a large body of growing evidence, we know PDAC resistance is regulated, at least in part, by epigenetic alterations including miRNA. (biomedcentral.com)

This regulation can occur directly by the molecules themselves or indirectly through a plethora of other pathways. (byui.edu)

Jack E. Dixon, PhD, whose distinguished and varied 48-year career ranged from helping reveal how cells communicate and fundamental processes of disease to becoming a renowned scientific leader, including terms as associate vice chancellor of scientific affairs at UC San Diego School of Medicine and as chief scientific officer at Howard Hughes Medical Institute, is retiring. (ucsd.edu)
Since UBA1 is involved in multiple biological processes, there are concerns that inhibiting UBA1 would also damage normal cells. (wikipedia.org)
The HMGB1 signal transduction can influence the cell's fate by two important processes - apoptosis and cell proliferation - which are regulated respectively by the proteins p53 and CyclinE, acting in two different signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
We found 1100 differentially expressed circRNAs (675 downregulated and 425 upregulated) which were involved in various biological processes such as protein ubiquitination modification, cell cycle regulation, RNA transport, and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
However, dysregulations of these signalling pathways are also causes for pathophysiological processes and diseases. (mdpi.com)
The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)
These interactions begin during the early stages of embryonic development and coordinate events such as cell proliferation and differentiation in complex tissues, crucial processes for the functional maintenance of whole organs [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

STK25 may play a role in the regulation of cell migration and polarization. (umbc.edu)

Western blot analysis was performed to study Boswellia sacra essential oil-regulated proteins involved in apoptosis, signaling pathways, and cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Our simulations show that, if HMGB1 is overexpressed, then the oncoproteins CyclinD/E, which regulate cell proliferation, are overexpressed, while tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell apoptosis (programmed cell death), such as p53, are repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor proteins: its activation can lead to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
The crosstalk is regulated by tumor suppressor proteins, including ARF, P21 and FBXW7, which are also frequently mutated in many cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Caspase-2 is most well-known for initiating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway [1] and as a tumor suppressor [2]. (nature.com)
P19ink4d is a tumor suppressor and controls pituitary anterior lobe cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)

Dixon discovered that in Y. pestis , the enzyme functions as a lethal weapon when injected into mammalian cells, blocking the host immune response. (ucsd.edu)
LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We also found that circRNAs identified after FMDV infection may be involved in the host cell immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
A growing body of evidence points to the importance of the functional diversity of immune and structural cells during tumor development. (biomedcentral.com)
At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)

Antisense downregulation of mutant huntingtin in a cell model. (biomedcentral.com)

AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
It can reduce the sulfation of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and inhibit various growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways. (oncotarget.com)

The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
However, apoptosis has been traditionally regarded as a silent process that does not affect surrounding tissues. (elifesciences.org)
In normal human tissues, hSulf-1 is stably expressed, and it plays important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Firstly, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and miR-216b were characterized in BC tissues and cells by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. (ijbs.com)
The results demonstrated that HK2 was highly expressed and miR-216b was poorly expressed in BC cells and tissues. (ijbs.com)
The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms12

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs118

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Progression14

Genes13

Arrest and apoptosis7

Including cell proliferation1

Flow cytometry3

Inhibits7

Knockdown10

Overexpression9

Inhibition9

Metabolism11

Tumors5

Inflammation4

Metastasis3

Differentiation and apoptosis1

Induces cell1

MiRNAs play an important role3

Signal transduc2

Mechanism16

Induce4

Oxidative7

Survival10

MAPK2

Increase apoptosis1

MTOR signali1

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

Phosphorylation7

Significantly5

Suppresses1

Cyclin7

Molecular7

Targets8

Epithelial7

Distinct7

Tumorigenesis1

Eukaryotic cells3

Oncogenic1

Biosynthesis2

Mechanisms5

Pi3k1

Cancer31

Cytokine1

Transcriptional2

Degradation5

Findings3

Immunity1

Regulatory2

Gene7

Regulators3

Oncogene1

Extracellular3

Expression8

MiRNA1

Molecules1

Processes8

Migration1

Proteins involved1

Tumor suppressor5

Immune5

Downregulation1

Inhibit2

Tissues6