Pathways involved in skeletal muscle important skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. (nature.com)
MicroRNA-1/206(miRNA-1/206) is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and play a critical role in myogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, in order to unravel the functions of circRNAs in myogenesis, the present study explored circRNA profiling in skeletal muscle between Mashen and Large White pigs. (bvsalud.org)
In conclusion, this study successfully screened candidate circRNAs involved in the regulation of porcine myogenesis and demonstrated that circIGF1R promotes myoblast differentiation via miR-16, which lays a theoretical foundation for understanding the role and mechanism of circRNAs in regulating porcine myoblast differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Further analyses of SMA, Tweak-/-and Fn14 -/- mice revealed dysregulated myopathy, myogenesis and glucose metabolism pathways as a common skeletal muscle feature, providing further evidence in support of a relationship between the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway and Smn. (keele.ac.uk)
Its role in skeletal muscle regeneration and myogenesis has been well documented. (biomedcentral.com)

HLH proteins that lack this basic domain have been shown to negatively regulate the activities of bHLH proteins and are called inhibitors of differentiation (Id). (wikipedia.org)
Basic HLH proteins function normally as dimers and bind to a specific hexanucleotide DNA sequence (CAANTG) known as an E-box thus switching on the expression of various genes involved in cellular development and survival. (wikipedia.org)
Rab proteins are known to be important participants in insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells. (researchsquare.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
Intrinsic brain RAS is an enzyme-neuropeptide system having functional components (angiotensinogen, peptidases, angiotensin, and specific receptor proteins) with important biological and neurobiological activities in the brain. (hindawi.com)
These proteins take part in regulation of cell growth, differentiation, division and death. (medicalfoxx.com)

The miRNA-mRNA profiles and bioinformatics study suggested that the SFRP1 gene was potentially regulated by miRNA-1/206 during porcine skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression level of the SFRP1 was highly varied across numerous pig tissues and it was down-regulated during porcine skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional assays showed that circIGF1R promoted myoblast differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs), while it had no effect on cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)

p38 pathway plays a very important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (cusabio.com)
To date, RUNX2 has been involved in diverse physiological processes, including osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, chondrocyte hypertrophy, immunomodulation, vascular invasion and endothelial cell migration via modulating a variety of signaling cascades (e.g. (spandidos-publications.com)

Furthermore, Gln serves as a precursor for the synthesis of arginine, which is indispensable for the optimal growth of neonatal piglets 14 and plays important roles in essential metabolic pathways 15 . (nature.com)
With the involvement of PPARs in many diverse metabolic pathways there is great clinical interest in the potential utility of PPAR ligands for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia, neurological disorders, obesity and diabetes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Caloric restriction is one of the most efficient ways to promote weight loss and is known to activate protective metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
During this foray into the world of vitamin D and the fetus, we must first define what vitamin D is, what it is not, and review the metabolic pathways linked with vitamin D. (vitamindwiki.com)
Normal metabolic balance is maintained by a complex homeostatic system involving multiple tissues and organs. (erudit.org)
Its pathophysiology is likely to involve insulin resistance at the level of both skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue and altered fluxes of metabolic substrates between these tissues that in turn impair liver metabolism. (erudit.org)

Several approaches were done to prevent muscle soreness and stimulate regeneration. (hindawi.com)
Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
However, the role of individual arms of the UPR in skeletal muscle regeneration remain less understood. (elifesciences.org)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
However, the mechanisms of muscle regeneration are not yet fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
Injection of FGF-6 recombinant protein into damaged mouse muscle can induce cyclin D1 mRNA and differentiation markers, including Cdkl1, MHC I and Tn1, which results in the acceleration of muscle regeneration. (biolegend.com)
During muscle regeneration, it has been shown that FGF-6 can be released from necrotic myofibers and be sequestered by basal laminae. (biolegend.com)
MAPK12-signaling is also positively regulating the expansion of transient amplifying myogenic precursor cells during muscle growth and regeneration. (idrblab.net)
To achieve this, it would involve renewal of the injury signaling, reestablishment of the communication and transportation system, recruitment of the materials for repairing, regeneration of the failed organ, and rehabilitation of the renewed organ. (biomedcentral.com)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that transient levels of the evolutionarily conserved factor RACK1 are critical for adult SC activation and proper skeletal muscle regeneration, favoring the efficient progression of SC from a committed to a fully differentiated state. (sdbonline.org)
Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. (scielo.br)
Satellite cells are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration:the cell on the edge returns centre stage. (scielo.br)

PPARγ is highly expressed in adipose tissue and is a key transcription factor involved in the terminal differentiation of white and brown adipose tissue. (sigmaaldrich.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)

Feeding with amino acids can stimulate protein synthesis in all tissues, especially in skeletal muscle as reviewed by Davis et al. (nature.com)
PPARα is expressed in tissues exhibiting high rates of β-oxidation such as liver, kidney, heart and muscle. (sigmaaldrich.com)
PPARδ is ubiquitously expressed in tissues and has been implicated in energy metabolism in both adipose and skeletal muscle. (sigmaaldrich.com)
PPARδ is abundant in many tissues during development especially in the adult rat digestive tract where a high rate of cell renewal and differentiation is required. (sigmaaldrich.com)
TNF-α is an important pro-inflammatory mediator that contributes to decreased expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in adipose, skeletal, and cardiac muscle tissues leading to insulin resistance and T2DM pathogenesis [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
During eucaloric conditions the continual breakdown of protein that occurs in the body's organs and vital tissues is replenished in the post-absorptive state via supply of amino acids derived primarily from the skeletal muscle component of FFM[ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In clinical practice, these involve the life-long immunosuppression of the organ transplantation patients, the creation of the supporting environment for engineered tissues in the mended organ, the unsolved issues of cell survival and differentiation of the cell-based therapy, and the selection and development of vectors for gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased curiosity about CAPN3 was highly stimulated when it had been reported that mutations in its gene bring about limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) type 2A, seen as a the continuous atrophy of hip and make muscle tissues (LGMD2A, or calpainopathy) (21). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Cachexia is a wasting disorder of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues that leads to profound weight loss and frailty. (phoenixpeptide.com)
To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. (scielo.br)

Thereby, the increased tension per individual cross bridge and the stretching forces on sarcomeres induce microtrauma in muscle fibers [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
JNK can change the mRNA level of osteocalcin , so the activation of JNK can induce osteoblast differentiation. (cusabio.com)
In addition, transforming growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2 induce Runx2 /Cbfa1 transcriptional expression via the p38 MAPK pathway. (cusabio.com)
IGF one signaling by way of IGF one receptors has become demonstrated to induce the activation of IRS1/PI3K/AkT/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit GSK 3b, thus selleck attenuating tau phosphorylation in NT2N cells and in principal rat cortical neurons. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)

The MAPK signaling pathway activates transcription factors and regulates gene expression through a cascade reaction (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK). (cusabio.com)
MAPK can cause the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus, participate in the process of signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus, and regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. (cusabio.com)
Currently, there are 4 known MAPK signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK ), c- Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, also known as SAPK), p38 and ERK5 pathways. (cusabio.com)
In the MAPK signaling pathway, the ERK pathway acts primarily through the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade. (cusabio.com)
The ERK-MAPK signaling pathway plays a role in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes [1] [2] . (cusabio.com)
The p38 signaling pathway is an important component of the MAPK family. (cusabio.com)
In addition, the ERK5/BMK1 pathway, an atypical MAPK pathway, is involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism. (cusabio.com)
MAPK and NK-κB pathway macrophage reprogramming) ( 8 - 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Maintenance of fat free mass is dependent upon nutrient stimulation of protein synthesis via the mTOR complex, although during caloric restriction a decrease (atrophy) in skeletal muscle may be driven by a homeostatic shift favouring protein catabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss of skeletal muscle in SMA is a combination of denervation-induced muscle atrophy and intrinsic muscle pathologies. (keele.ac.uk)
The tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/TNF receptor superfamily member fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14) pathway has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of denervation-induced muscle atrophy as well as muscle proliferation, differentiation and metabolism in adults. (keele.ac.uk)

Increase of miR-720 reduced Rab35 expression then activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway, thus inhibiting insulin secretion. (researchsquare.com)
More and more evidences ( 6 - 8 ) show that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, insulin synthesis and secretion, which are the core links in the development of T2D. (researchsquare.com)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major subcellular compartment that is involved in protein folding and secretion. (elifesciences.org)
PKD is a family of serine-threonine kinases that regulate gene expression, protein secretion, cell proliferation, differentiation and inflammation. (bvsalud.org)

Among them, Runx2 is a key target gene affecting osteogenic activity, and Cbfa1 regulates the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts at the transcriptional level. (cusabio.com)
The p38 signaling pathway regulates the differentiation direction of stem cells, which may be related to the regulation of the stability of p53 protein [3] [4] . (cusabio.com)
Collectively, these data suggest that PTHrP(12-48) is a bioactive breast cancer-derived peptide that locally regulates the differentiation of hematopoietic cells and the activity of osteoclasts within the tumor-bone marrow microenvironment perhaps to facilitate tumor control of bone. (phoenixpeptide.com)

The SFRPs inhibit Wnt receptor binding to down-regulate pathway signaling during development [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the late stage of adipocyte differentiation, activated ERK1/2 phosphorylates PPARγ to inactivate it and inhibit adipocyte differentiation. (cusabio.com)
Plays a role in myoblast differentiation and also in the down-regulation of cyclin D1 in response to hypoxia in adrenal cells suggesting MAPK12 may inhibit cell proliferation while promoting differentiation. (idrblab.net)

It is thought that early scleraxis-expressing progenitor cells lead to the eventual formation of tendon tissue and other muscle attachments. (wikipedia.org)
Scleraxis is involved in mesoderm formation and is expressed in the syndetome (a collection of embryonic tissue that develops into tendon and blood vessels) of developing somites (primitive segments or compartments of embryos). (wikipedia.org)
The syndetome location within the somite is determined by FGF secreted from the center of the myotome (a collection of embryonic tissue that develops into skeletal muscle)- the FGF then induces the adjacent anterior and posterior sclerotome (a collection of embryonic tissue that develops into the axial skeleton) to adopt a tendon cell fate. (wikipedia.org)
Thereby, several studies described the occurrence of a local inflammation in muscle tissue. (hindawi.com)
More proliferation was observed in muscle tissue of LBW-GLN than LBW-ALA piglets at 5 dpn, but there was no clear effect of supplementation on related gene expression. (nature.com)
Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered. (nature.com)
Glutamine is regarded as the most abundant amino acid in the body, is mainly synthesized in skeletal muscle 10 , and muscle tissue is the most important site for Gln storage 11 . (nature.com)
The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility, occurs frequently, particularly in older women. (springer.com)
While leptin appears to be involved in the regulation of T lymphocytes, IL-6 activity may specifically lead to the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages, which are involved in both inflammation and tissue repair [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It is especially important in skeletal tissue growth regulation [1] . (medicalfoxx.com)
Since the genes involved in this syndrome have a role in connective tissue growth and development, many other body systems are involved [2,7] . (medicalfoxx.com)
To achieve this we firstly established a mouse BAT enriched-miRNA profile by comparing miRNAs expressed in mouse BAT, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (biomedcentral.com)

e) Antagonist but partial agonist in transactivation assays but inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, ERK1/2 promotes adipocyte differentiation by promoting the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ. (cusabio.com)
JNK signaling pathway also plays an important role in regulating adipocyte differentiation. (cusabio.com)

In fact, endogenous Fgf18 is known to play an important role in skeletal growth and development because mice lacking Fgf18 exhibit several malformations such as delayed closure of the calvarial sutures, enlargement of the growth plate, and impairment of osteogenic differentiation. (cusabio.com)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a homeostasis disorder of glucose metabolism caused by insulin resistance (IR) and/or pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, which involves the interaction of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors ( 1 , 2 ) . (researchsquare.com)
PPARs play an important role in many cellular functions including lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, differentiation, adipogenesis and inflammatory signalling. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In liver, PPARα regulates lipid metabolism and in rodents, but not in man, PPARα activation induces hepatomegaly and proliferation of liver peroxisomes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
FGF-6 is also involved in bone metabolism. (biolegend.com)
Since its discovery, adiponectin has been identified as one of the key regulators involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. (encyclopedia.pub)
Understanding the mechanisms controling BAT differentiation may identify potential therapeutic targets to enhance BAT-controlled metabolism and to increase EE. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition to locally aggressive behavior with fourth ventricular obstruction and hydrocephalus, medulloblastomas can metastasize via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. (medscape.com)
Dissemination of medulloblastoma within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways is a defining pathobiologic characteristic of this tumor, and about 30% of patients will have CSF metastasis at presentation. (medscape.com)
The medulloblastoma has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a "malignant, invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with preferential manifestation in children, predominantly neuronal differentiation, and inherent tendency to metastasize via CSF [cerebrospinal fluid] pathways. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, the rescue experiments showed that circIGF1R could counteract the inhibitory effect of miR-16 on cell myoblast differentiation. (bvsalud.org)

Myogenic transcription is tightly regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways, which include members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family. (bvsalud.org)
In this report, we show that class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, and in particular HDAC8 inhibition, attenuated PKD phosphorylation in skeletal C2C12 myoblasts in response to phorbol ester, angiotensin II and dexamethasone signaling independent of changes in total PKD protein expression. (bvsalud.org)
The main process of this pathway: the growth factor activates the receptor by binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor, and the activated tyrosine kinase receptor activates the Ras protein, then the Ras protein phosphorylates the Raf, and the activated Raf phosphorylates the downstream MEK. (cusabio.com)
Inhibition of the p38 MARK pathway down-regulates the activity of protein kinase C ( PKC ), which plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of cells. (cusabio.com)
The main obstacle is because many protein components of mitochondria are the network hubs of multiple biological pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Specifically we evaluate the effect of increased dietary protein intake and caloric restricted diets on gene expression in skeletal muscle, particularly focusing on biosynthesis, degradation and the expression of genes in the ubiquitin-proteosome (UPP) and mTOR signaling pathways, including MuRF-1, MAFbx/atrogin-1, mTORC1, and S6K1. (biomedcentral.com)
Emerging evidence suggests a high ratio of protein to carbohydrate in a low-fat, caloric restricted (CR) diet may mitigate FFM reductions during weight loss through increasing muscle protein synthesis and/or reducing protein catabolism, thereby improving net muscle protein balance[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Providing there is adequate dietary protein intake, muscle protein gains which occur in the fed state balances the loss of muscle protein which occurs in the post absorptive state allowing day to day skeletal muscle mass to remain relatively constant[ 7 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The FFM reduction that typically occurs during CR weight loss also implies a negative net skeletal muscle protein balance. (biomedcentral.com)
These results also suggest the coupling of RACK1 to muscle unfolded protein response during SC activation. (sdbonline.org)
As opposed to other styles of muscles dystrophy, where mutations take place in genes encoding structural protein, calpainopathy was the initial reported kind of dystrophy predetermined by mutations within a gene encoding a proteolytic enzyme. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a critical regulator of bone resorption and augments osteolysis in skeletal malignancies. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), also known as TRIM72, is a TRIM family protein that was found to be involved in cell membrane repair and primarily found in striated muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
It is a striated muscle protein, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscles and to a lesser extent cardiac muscles. (biomedcentral.com)
The Smad protein complex in the nucleus controls the activity of certain genes and also regulates proliferation of cells [1] . (medicalfoxx.com)

The IGF1R are coupled on the PI3K/Akt/ mTORC1 pathway. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
IGF one pre cludes the b amyloid induced neurotoxicity in hippo campal neurons through the activation of PI3K/Akt/ mTORC1 pathway. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
Steady with this particular observation, Ab is shown to uncouple PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
Immunoblot analysis revealed an insulin-like glucose transporting mechanism of AEG by activating key markers involved in the insulin signaling cascade such as insulin receptor beta IRβ, insulin receptor substrate1, 85 phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) and PKB. (wiley.com)

The delayed growth of LBW piglets is mainly due to a slower development of skeletal muscle as the myogenic activity is usually impaired in these animals during the fetal and early postnatal period 3 , 4 . (nature.com)

The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)

It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. (lookformedical.com)
The dynamics of RACK1 levels in isolated adult SC of mice, i.e., progressively high during differentiation and low compared to proliferating conditions, and RACK1 silencing indicated that RACK1 promotes both the formation of myotubes and the accretion of nascent myotubes. (sdbonline.org)

Cell Growth & Differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. Several studies have described a pivotal role for RA signalling in different biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development and organogenesis. (mdpi.com)
The JNK signaling pathway can affect a variety of life processes such as cell growth, cell differentiation, and cell death. (cusabio.com)
A wide array of chemical substances can influence cell growth and differentiation. (beauty104.com.tw)
1 Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. (jci.org)
Tgf-β receptor complex is responsible for cell growth, differentiation, development and death. (medicalfoxx.com)
It takes part in regulating cell growth, differentiation, development and death. (medicalfoxx.com)

In addition, siRNA-mediated Smn knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts suggests a genetic interaction between Smn and the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway. (keele.ac.uk)

More precisely, they have critical roles in the control of cellular differentiation, proliferation and regulation of oncogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
This study elucidated effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the cellular muscle development of LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets. (nature.com)
We observed a temporarily increased intramuscular availability of free Gln that could have influenced cellular processes in skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
Therefore, we complemented our investigations into the cellular development of the skeletal muscle of neonatal piglets with in vitro studies using a primary porcine myogenic cell culture model with Gln supplementation. (nature.com)
MAPK12 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors such as ELK1 and ATF2. (idrblab.net)
Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development. (scielo.br)

They are found in many cell types and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of cell shape and behavior, including PLATELET ACTIVATION and aggregation, through many different signaling pathways and differences in their affinities for collagen isoforms. (lookformedical.com)
Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. (cusabio.com)

Thus, in vitro studies of vindoline in insulin resistant skeleton muscle and dysfunctional adipocytes confirmed that vindoline treatment significantly mitigated insulin resistance in myotubes and improved functional status of adipocytes. (bvsalud.org)
These results demonstrated that vindoline has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent to ameliorate obesity-induced T2DM-associated insulin resistance profile in adipocytes and skeletal muscles. (bvsalud.org)

However, recent studies have confirmed that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the pathophysiological process of T2D ( 3 ) . (researchsquare.com)
In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease. (mdpi.com)
Although the etiology and pathogenesis of medulloblastoma is not entirely understood at present, some recent molecular genetic studies have provided important insights into possible disease mechanisms. (medscape.com)
The effects of ginseng oligosaccharides (GSOs) on neuronal oxidative injury induced by glutamate (GLU) and the molecular mechanisms involved were investigated. (sdbonline.org)
MicroRNAs are molecular mechanisms involved in mouse BAT development however, little is known about the miRNA profile in human BAT. (biomedcentral.com)

Nowadays, more and more studies have revealed that cells in the cardiovascular system (such as cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, et al. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
Some studies have indicated that T-cadherin is a major binding partner for adiponectin, and causes its accumulation in the heart, vascular endothelium, and skeletal muscle. (encyclopedia.pub)

Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (elifesciences.org)
and negatively regulates SLC2A4 expression and contraction-mediated glucose uptake in adult skeletal muscle. (idrblab.net)
RACK1 was expressed transiently in the skeletal muscle of post-natal mice, being abundant in the early phase of muscle growth and almost disappearing in adult mature fibers. (sdbonline.org)
Isolation and culture of individual myofibers and their satellite cells from adult skeletal muscle. (scielo.br)
Günther S, Kim J, Kostin S, Lepper C, Fan CM, Braun T. Myf5-positive satellite cells contribute to Pax7-dependent long-term maintenance of adult muscle stem cells. (scielo.br)
Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia. (scielo.br)

At higher concentrations, FGF-6 can downregulate the expression of myogenic markers and some myogenic transcription factors, and can delay C2 myogenic cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)

Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. (mdpi.com)
The co-existence of impaired bone health (osteopenia/osteoporosis), reduced muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), and increased adiposity (obesity) in middle-aged and older people has been identified in recent studies, leading to a proposal for the existence of "osteosarcopenic obesity" as a distinct entity. (springer.com)

FGF-6 can stimulate migration of myogenic stem cells and also control the maintenance of muscle progenitor cells. (biolegend.com)
For example, humans are derived from fertilized eggs, and this process involves the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. (cusabio.com)
The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
When skeletal muscle is injured due to physical or chemical insult, a pool of self-renewing muscle stem cells residing within the skeletal muscles, called satellite cells, can give rise to differentiated myofibers to repair injured muscle ( Charge & Rudinicki, 2004 Chargé SBP, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)

One of the most important functions of bFGF is the promotion of endothelial cell proliferation and the physical organization of endothelial cells into tube-like structures. (beauty104.com.tw)

X-ray crystallography of human PPAR isoforms has revealed important residues responsible for ligand binding, heterodimerisation and co-factor interactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Of these 25 miRNAs, miR-20a was predicted to target MYF5 and PPARγ, two important genes involved in brown adipogenesis, as well as BMP2 and BMPR2, genes involved in white adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Initial, CAPN3 is AZ-33 normally mostly muscle-specific (9), but is normally detectable in zoom lens, liver, human brain and cardiac muscles during advancement (10C13). (exposed-skin-care.net)
In addition to its function in skeletal muscle, MG53 has been shown to have protective effects on various forms of cardiac muscle injury. (biomedcentral.com)

As class I HDACs and PKD signaling are requisite for myocyte differentiation, these data suggest that HDAC8 functions as a potential feedback regulator of PKD phosphorylation to control myogenic gene expression. (bvsalud.org)

Fibroblast growth factors , or FGFs , are a family of growth factors involved in wound healing and embryonic development. (beauty104.com.tw)

During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)

Meanwhile, the dysregulation and alteration of RUNX2 expression or activity may result in arteriosclerosis, skeletal dysplasia (e.g., cleidocranial dysplasia) and tumorigenesis ( 4 , 12 - 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, RUNX2 is involved in the progression of various tumor types, such as osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 15 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The result is release of muscle enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK) into the interstitial fluid [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. (idrblab.net)
This study demonstrated that the Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1 (RACK1) is important in SC function. (sdbonline.org)
IPC activates the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathways to protect the heart against IR injury. (biomedcentral.com)

For example, cancer-related aberrantly spliced variants have been shown to be actively involved in the initiation and/or progression of some types of cancer [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Results: Here, we report significantly dysregulated expression of Tweak, Fn14 and previously proposed downstream effectors during disease progression in skeletal muscle of the two SMA mouse models. (keele.ac.uk)
After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) this study found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. (sdbonline.org)

FGF-6 mRNA can also be detected in testis, heart, and skeletal muscle in adults. (biolegend.com)

Expression of muscle growth related genes was quantified with qPCR. (nature.com)
In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)
Following this the BAT-enriched miRNAs predicted to target genes potentially involved in growth and development were identified. (biomedcentral.com)

In the process of cell differentiation, there are differences in morphological structure and physiological function. (cusabio.com)
Recent basic and clinical research has revealed that hydrogen is an important physiological regulatory factor with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protective effects on cells and organs. (researchgate.net)
AT1 and AT2 are involved in various physiological changes such as an increase in BP, volume overload, and facilitation of aldosterone release. (hindawi.com)

State‑of‑the‑art research has indicated the retention of RUNX2 expression in a more invasive subtype of breast cancer, and in particular, triple‑negative breast cancer development and drug resistance are associated with estrogen receptor signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)

Both neutrophils and macrophages are involved in the release of cytokines such as IL-1, TNF- α , and IL-6 [ 3 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

The risk of frailty and disability in obese individuals with low muscle mass and function has been reported to be higher than that observed in non-obese counterparts with similar muscle alterations [ 11 ]. (springer.com)

In conclusion, AEG enhances glucose transport by modulating the proximal and distal markers involved in glucose uptake and its transformation into glycogen. (wiley.com)

Although these factors possess remarkably similar sequence homology, they do not bind FGFRs and are involved in intracellular processes unrelated to the FGFs (Olsen et al. (beauty104.com.tw)

While the FGF interaction has been shown to be necessary for scleraxis expression, it is still unclear as to whether the FGF signaling pathway directly induces the syndetome to secrete scleraxis, or indirectly through a secondary signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)

Muscle samples were collected and myogenic cells were isolated and cultivated. (nature.com)
Proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle sections were detected with immunohistochemistry indicating different cell types and decreasing proliferation with age. (nature.com)
The ED 50 is 0.02 - 0.1 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity 1.0 - 5.0 x 10 7 units/mg, as determined by a dose-dependent proliferation of NIH3T3 cells in the presence of 1.5 µg/mL heparin. (biolegend.com)
Abnormal differentiation of cells can lead to cancerous cells. (cusabio.com)
This pathway can also affect the proliferation and differentiation of red blood cells. (cusabio.com)
We also used experimental models of denervation and muscle injury in pre-weaned wild type (WT) animals and siRNA-mediated knockdown in C2C12 muscle cells to conduct additional mechanistic investigations. (keele.ac.uk)
Not long after FGF1 and FGF2 were isolated, another group isolated a pair of heparin -binding growth factors which they named HBGF-1 and HBGF-2, whilst a third group isolated a pair of growth factors that caused proliferation of cells in a bioassay containing blood vessel endothelium cells which they called ECGF-1 and ECGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
Adiponectin is present in the kidneys, mainly in the arterial endothelium and smooth muscle cells, as well as in the capillary endothelium, and might be considered as a marker of many negative factors in chronic kidney disease. (encyclopedia.pub)
AdipoR1 is widely present in human cells, with the greatest numbers in skeletal muscle, AdipoR2 is mainly present in the human liver. (encyclopedia.pub)
Globular adiponectin has the highest affinity to AdipoR1, therefore in animal studies it acts mainly in muscle cells [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. (scielo.br)
Bober E, Franz T, Arnold HH, Gruss P, Tremblay P. Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles:a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. (scielo.br)
Gros J, Manceau M, Thomé V, Marcelle C. A common somitic origin for embryonic muscle progenitors and satellite cells. (scielo.br)
MicroRNA-133 controls brown adipose determination in skeletal muscle satellite cells by targeting Prdm16. (scielo.br)
The proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are regulated by a number of extracellular signals ( Wang & Rudnicki, 2012 Wang YX, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)
Satellite cells, the engines of muscle repair. (scielo.br)

Anatomy59

Organisms18

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Myogenesis6

Proteins6

Porcine skeletal muscle3

Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal2

Metabolic6

Regeneration16

Terminal differentiation2

Tissues10

Induce7

MAPK8

Atrophy3

Secretion4

Regulates the differentiation3

Inhibit3

Tissue14

Adipocyte differentiation3

Role in skeletal1

Metabolism6

Cerebrospinal fluid3

Myoblast differentiation1

Protein15

PI3K4

Development of skeletal1

Apoptosis1

Promotes2

Cell Growth7

Myoblasts1

Cellular6

Regulation of cell2

Adipocytes2

Mechanisms5

Vascular3

Adult6

Myogenic cell1

Sarcopenia2

Stem cells10

Endothelial1

PPAR2

Cardiac2

Phosphorylation1

Embryonic development1

Gene expression1

Dysregulation1

Tumor2

Kinase4

Progression3

MRNA1

Genes3

Physiological3

Receptor1

Macrophages1

Alterations1

Glucose uptake1

Intracellular1

Induces1

Cells18