• For example, students can analyze the six open reading frames for a given fragment of DNA, compare the results of various gene calling algorithms, assign function by sequence homology, and use gene ortholog neighborhoods for comparative genomics and annotate biochemical pathways, while learning the underlying biological concepts in a variety of science courses. (genomeweb.com)
  • Scientists could potentially tweak proteins involved in the pathway to preferentially steer the outcome toward replacement with DNA, which is important for gene therapy for hereditary diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Enzymes can stitch the dangling ends back together, which often results in one or more bases -- the building blocks of DNA -- being added or deleted, disrupting the function of the gene. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We elucidate the structure and organisation of this 12-gene cluster, characterise the last two missing pathway steps, and reconstitute the entire pathway in tobacco by transient expression. (cas.cz)
  • We show that the cluster has formed de novo since the divergence of oats in a subtelomeric region of the genome that lacks homology with other grasses, and that gene order is approximately colinear with the biosynthetic pathway. (cas.cz)
  • We speculate that the positioning of the late pathway genes furthest away from the telomere may mitigate against a 'self-poisoning' scenario in which toxic intermediates accumulate as a result of telomeric gene deletions. (cas.cz)
  • Canonical pathway gene sets were compiled from Reactome, Wikipathways and KEGG. (riken.jp)
  • Combined, the canonical pathways and downstream targets totaled 489 human gene sets. (riken.jp)
  • The corresponding M. musculus gene sets were inferred by homology using the HomoloGene database. (riken.jp)
  • Enrichment for each of the canonical 489 pathways and gene sets included in the co-expression cluster was assessed by the hypergeometric probability. (riken.jp)
  • Gene expression of genes in the dopaminergic pathway will be affected by GenX and ADONA. (cdc.gov)
  • The origin of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway is not unique and less straightforward than previously thought: some basic components likely have proteoarchaeal origins, but the pathway was extensively developed before the eukaryotic diversification through multiple gene duplications, protein co-options, neofunctionalizations and even possible horizontal gene transfers from bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Show the Pathway identifier(s) and name for the selected gene. (flymine.org)
  • For a certain D. melanogaster gene, show the results from the BDGP in situ project. (flymine.org)
  • SH2 Homology Protein B (SHB) is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that serves as a link between phosphotyrosine residues on multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream signaling pathways. (rndsystems.com)
  • Our results show that SLAP2 suppresses FLT3 downstream signaling pathways including AKT, ERK, p38 and STAT5 and facilitates FLT3 degradation through enhancing ubiquitination while ABL2 expression does not alter FLT3 stability or ubiquitination but partially suppresses FLT3 downstream signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway. (lu.se)
  • Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy that is driven by multiple genes and pathways. (techscience.com)
  • In recent years, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has proven itself as an attractive model system in which to study the genes and pathways that modify acute and chronic behavioral responses to ethanol exposure. (escholarship.org)
  • Activated AKT phosphorylates mTOR and results in the activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway to promote its downstream effectors, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6Ks), for viral protein translation. (genscript.com)
  • It further leads to activation of the Akt and mTor pathways inside the cell. (proteopedia.org)
  • Homology calls are sourced from the Alliance of Genome Resources . (yeastgenome.org)
  • Advantages of Zebrafish: The zebrafish has a sequenced genome and 80% homology of genes associated with human disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Mammalian neuropeptide Y receptors (NPYRs) show significant homology with sNPFR1 (ref. 7 ) and treatment of rat insulinoma cells with the mammalian sNPF orthologue NPY enhances their expression of insulin 5 . (nature.com)
  • Although hppy shows strong homology to mammalian Ste20 family kinases involved in JNK signaling, we found that neither activation nor inhibition of the JNK pathway affected ethanol-induced sedation. (escholarship.org)
  • Genetic epistasis and biochemical analyses revealed that Senju regulates the Toll signaling pathway at a step that converts Toll ligand Spatzle to its active form. (sdbonline.org)
  • Intracellular signaling pathways that involve protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are critical for the control of most cellular processes. (chemdiv.com)
  • SH2B3, a member of the SH2B adaptor protein family, is an intracellular adaptor protein that functions as a negative regulator in many signaling pathways, including inflammatory signaling processes. (mcw.edu)
  • Hence, Insulin binds to IGF1R following the same mechanism and activated the intracellular pathways in the same way IGF1 does. (proteopedia.org)
  • Thus, this study identifies another important function for the evolutionarily conserved Toll pathway, in addition to its well-studied roles in embryonic dorso-ventral patterning and innate immunity. (sdbonline.org)
  • Like the insulin signalling pathway itself, aspects of this peptidergic insulin control system are evolutionarily conserved. (nature.com)
  • Predicted CDS were compared to the databases InterPro ( 18 ), Swissprot ( 19 ), and trEMBL ( 19 ) for functional annotation and mapped to KEGG pathways. (asm.org)
  • To find out which DNA repair enzymes are critical to homology-directed repair after CRISPR cutting, Richardson and Corn employed a technique called CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to knock out, one at a time, more than 2,000 genes known or suspected to be involved in DNA repair, a function critical to a healthy cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A mutation or deletion of any of the genes that code for enzymes involved in cortisol or aldosterone synthesis results in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (medscape.com)
  • While loss-of-function mutations in hppy resulted in resistance to ethanol-induced sedation, neuronal overexpression of hppy caused increased sensitivity. (escholarship.org)
  • In addition, various mutations that impair the function of the insulin receptor (InR) signaling pathway, as well as transgenic flies that have disrupted neuronal InR signaling, also have increased sensitivity to the intoxicating effects of ethanol. (escholarship.org)
  • RESULTS: Resistance mutations were identified in a total of 23 patients, constituting 16.9% of the cohort. (bvsalud.org)
  • Deficiency of 21-hydroxylase, resulting from mutations or deletions of CYP21A, is the most common form of CAH, accounting for more than 90% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • While the defined roles of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in regulating cell death have been well-established, additional factors that modulate JNK-mediated cell death have yet to be fully elucidated. (sdbonline.org)
  • Calmodulin then promotes the activation of protein kinase B (AKT) by interaction with the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of AKT. (genscript.com)
  • Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant, multisystemic disorder caused by dysregulation of the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Interestingly, perturbations of a second MAP kinase pathway, the EGFR/ERK pathway, in neuronal tissues strongly affected sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation. (escholarship.org)
  • Quercetin also inhibited Ang II-induced Shc·p85 association and subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway in RASMC. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Nearly 60% of genetic alterations have been found in AML patients involve in signaling pathways including signaling of tyrosine kinase receptor FLT3. (lu.se)
  • In the absence of experimentally determined protein structures, a homology-based model may serve as a good starting point for investigation of sequence-structure-function relationships. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although homology-modeled structures may often not be accurate enough to allow characterization of protein-protein or protein-inhibitor interactions at the atomic level, they can suggest which sequence regions or individual amino acids are essential functional components of the protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results revealed a comprehensive profile for metabolic activities among tissues, pointing to the equal importance of leaf, stem, and root in A. mongolicus for the production of bioactive compounds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Natural agents including compounds as resveratrol, puerarin, curcumin, hesperidin and silymarin, and extracts of propolis, Lycopus lucidus , and Momordica charantia have been shown to combat diabetes via modulation of TGF-β signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Toll pathway modulates TNF-induced JNK-dependent cell death in Drosophila . (sdbonline.org)
  • To identify novel regulators of JNK-dependent cell death, this study performed a dominant-modifier screen in Drosophila and found that the Toll pathway participates in JNK-mediated cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here we report the results of a Drosophila UAS-miRNA library screen that identifies the conserved miR-9a as a regulator of insulin signalling and body growth. (nature.com)
  • In a study to better understand the neuroanatomical substrates and molecular pathways underlying ethanol sensitivity in Drosophila, we found that genetic manipulation of a small group of insulin producing cells results in a strong increase in sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation. (escholarship.org)
  • Robust activation of wound-induced transcription from ple and Ddc requires Toll pathway components ranging from the extracellular ligand Spatzle to the Dif transcription factor. (sdbonline.org)
  • The functions of SH2 and PTB domains include targeting of their host proteins to different cellular compartments, assembly of key components of signaling pathways in response to extracellular signals, and the control of autoinhibition, activation and dimerization of their host proteins. (chemdiv.com)
  • As the Dilp peptides are secreted and circulated in the body, they activate the insulin signalling cascade in target tissues resulting in body growth 2 . (nature.com)
  • Increased insulin resistance (IR) and immune tolerance in pregnant women result in metabolic and immunological alterations, which may aggravate the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). (hindawi.com)
  • Another pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, appears to play a part in the progression of diabetes, insulin resistance, and autoimmunity in both type 1 and 2 diabetes and complications in diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent research demonstrated that the homology between IGF-1R and the insulin receptor (IR) subunits allow them to bind and form a functionnal hybrid IR/IGF-1R receptor. (proteopedia.org)
  • Coding sequences (CDS) were predicted based on an in-house workflow that integrates ab initio predictions from Glimmer ( 10 ), Genemark ( 11 ), Prodigal ( 12 ), and Critica ( 13 ) with homology information derived from a BLAST search against NCBI nr ( 14 ). (asm.org)
  • We are also predicting protein structures by simulating folding pathways, taking advantage of our experimental results and an approach that dynamically integrates local and global information. (openwetware.org)
  • Moreover, mTORC1 also phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), which will result in the separation of 4EBP1 from eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) for the translation of viral proteins in shrimp. (genscript.com)
  • The comparison of several polyisoprenol-based glycosylation pathways from the three domains of life shows that most of the implicated proteins belong to a limited number of superfamilies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins targeted to the peroxisome (in plants called glyoxisomes) are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and are targeted to the peroxisome post-translationally, possibly via multiple pathways. (tcdb.org)
  • The results show that nonnative proteins are more structured and less solvent exposed than commonly believed. (lu.se)
  • The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the emergence of new variant lineages that have exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Rates of substrate cycling may be increased many-fold in association with hypermetabolic states resulting from severe burns, cold exposure, hyperthyroidism, or acute exercise. (bvsalud.org)
  • For triterpene saponin biosynthesis, we found the genes in MVA and non-MVA pathways were differentially expressed among three examined tissues, indicating the parallel but compartmentally separated biosynthesis pathways of IPP and DMAPP in A. mongolicus . (biomedcentral.com)
  • A transcriptome study was performed for A. mongolicus tissues to construct and profile their metabolic pathways, especially for the important bioactive molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, increases in serum levels of this IGFBP result in a decrease of IGF1 activity thus inhibiting the cellular pathways. (proteopedia.org)
  • Structure-activity features of the protein were characterized, and functional studies predict bubaline pregnancy associated glycoprotein 2 as an inducible, extra-cellular, non-essential, N-glycosylated, aspartic pro-endopeptidase that is involved in down-regulation of complement pathway and immunity during pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, a phylogenomic analysis was carried out to examine the validity of rival hypotheses suggesting alternative archaeal or bacterial origins to the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following the success of comparative analyses to trace back particular machineries to LECA [ 25 - 32 ], the origin and evolution of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway will be studied here. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells repair the DSBs by the fast but potentially mutagenic Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ), and by the accurate Homology Directed Repair (HDR) pathways. (europa.eu)
  • Dysfunctions in PTKs, or in the signaling pathways that they regulate, resulting in a variety of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, immune deficiency, and many others. (chemdiv.com)
  • Our results suggest that SLAP2 and ABL2 regulate FLT3 signaling and modulation of SLAP2 expression levels or targeting ABL2 could potentially synergize with FLT3 inhibitors to treat FLT3-ITD positive AML. (lu.se)
  • Transient transfection of Fos-GHR or Jun-GHR resulted in activation of the serine protease inhibitor 2.1 promoter in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells to a level equal to that achieved by fully activated wild type GHR. (ku.dk)
  • Being able to manipulate those cells to increase the frequency of this process, called homology-directed repair, is exciting. (sciencedaily.com)
  • My goal is to decipher the 53BP1-Shieldin induced block and then assess Shieldin pathway as a possible therapeutic target to increase the frequency of HDR after CRISPR-Cas cleavage. (europa.eu)
  • Clavulanic acid and a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor, BRL36148, both interact specifically with the OXA-2 beta-lactamase by branched pathway mechanisms. (bl.uk)
  • Genetic interaction experiments between hppy and the EGFR/ERK pathway suggest a role for hppy as an inhibitor of the pathway, functioning downstream of the EGFR but upstream of ERK. (escholarship.org)
  • Our data revealed a novel pathway for WSSV proliferation in shrimp and indicated that mTORC1 may represent a potential clinical target for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture. (genscript.com)
  • miR-126 mimics downregulated the expression of IRS-1 and GOLPH3 protein and suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells, whereas miR-126 inhibitors led to the opposite results. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, stable expression of Jun-GHR alone or Fos-GHR and Jun-GHR together in the interleukin 3-dependent BaF-B03 cell line resulted in cell proliferation after interleukin 3 withdrawal at a rate equal to maximally stimulated wild type GHR-expressing cells. (ku.dk)
  • Furthermore, the Spätzle (Spz) family ligands for the Toll receptor are transcriptionally upregulated by activated JNK signalling in a non-cell-autonomous manner, providing a molecular mechanism for JNK-induced Toll pathway activation. (sdbonline.org)
  • Although the precise pathogenic mechanism of GDM has not been fully elucidated, it may occur as a result of abnormal glucose regulation and increased IR, inducing the disorders of glucose metabolism. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, even after entering the HDR pathway, an unclear mechanism involving protein 53BP1 and Shieldin complex blocks the pathway from progressing. (europa.eu)
  • SH2 (Src homology region 2) and PTB (phosphotyrosine-binding) domains are small protein modules that mediate protein-protein interactions involved in many signal transduction pathways. (chemdiv.com)
  • Scientists discovered that a well-known DNA repair pathway, the Fanconi anemia pathway, surprisingly plays a key role in repairing double-strand DNA breaks created by CRISPR-Cas9. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As a result, circRNAs exert important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Specifically, evidence supports that several signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the development of diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
  • While SOS2 is a natural candidate, because of its homology with SOS1, the functional role of LZTR1 in the RAS/MAPK pathway is not known, and it could not have been identified without the large pedigrees. (nih.gov)
  • According to our analysis results, we suggest that the ingestion of these plant miRNAs may have a functional impact on consuming organisms in a cross-kingdom way, and the dietary habit may affect the physiological condition at a genetic level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collectively, these landmark discoveries provided initial insight into the COX pathway of arachidonate metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Various software resources are also required to enable users to conveniently connect their experimental results with publicly, and application specific, bioinformatics databases and tools. (lu.se)
  • Delayed and/or inadequate innate immune responses can result in failure to combat pathogens, whereas excessive and/or inappropriate responses cause runaway inflammation. (sdbonline.org)
  • In senju mutants, reduced expression of galactose-containing glycans resulted in hyperactivation of the Toll signaling pathway in the absence of immune challenges. (sdbonline.org)
  • Previous studies have shown that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway has antiviral functions or is beneficial for viral replication, however, the detail mechanisms by which mTORC1 enhances viral infection remain unclear. (genscript.com)
  • It shares mechanistic similarities based on the use of polyisoprenol lipid carriers with other glycosylation pathways involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall components (e.g. peptidoglycan and teichoic acids). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results of luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-338-3p and G6PC2 were the potential targets of has_circ_0046060. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, homology modeling method was used to generate the 3D models of the putative targets along the mevalonate pathway. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The result showed that acetyl-CoA synthetase (-9.3 kcal/mol Vs -9.3 kcal/mol standard) and isopentyl- diphosphate isomerase (-9.6 kcal/mol vs. -8.5 kcal/mol standard) were the most plausible targets of columbin. (alliedacademies.org)
  • For the major signaling pathways, the transcriptionally-regulated genes (downstream targets) were obtained from Netpath. (riken.jp)
  • We recently suggested an N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor pathway as an additional and previously unknown regulator of bivalve metamorphosis. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • All six IGFBPs share 50% homology with each other and have binding affinities at the same order of magnitude for IGF-1 and IGF-2 but have greater affinities then IGF1 for its receptor. (proteopedia.org)
  • This study examines exciting new hallmarks for the strict involvement of autophagy and TGF-β signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the design of novel therapeutic strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consequently, several therapeutic agents such as adiponectin, ezetimibe, GABA tea, geniposide, liraglutide, guava extract, and vitamin D were shown to inhibit diabetes and its complications through modulation of the autophagy pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • The prominent role of autophagy signaling pathway was supported by the alteration of autophagy markers in patients and animal models of T1DM, T2DM, and gestational diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Steroidogenic pathway for cortisol, aldosterone, and sex steroid synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • The particular phenotype that results depends on the sex of the individual, the location of the block in synthesis, and the severity of the genetic deletion or mutation. (medscape.com)
  • To be a viable future drug candidate, there is an urgent need to decipher its physiological target along the mevalonate pathway and to modify the original scaffold in order to improve its physicochemical properties and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Suppression of the degalactosylation by senju overexpression resulted in reduced induction of Toll-dependent expression of an antimicrobial peptide, Drosomycin , and increased susceptibility to infection with Gram-positive bacteria. (sdbonline.org)
  • As such, we present information about the phylogenetic relationship of all identified bivalve caspases in relation to their homology to well-established vertebrate and invertebrate caspases. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • In addition, gain of JNK signalling results in Toll pathway activation, revealed by stimulated transcription of Drosomycin ( Drs ) and increased cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of Dorsal. (sdbonline.org)
  • This paper explores the involvement of the Toll/NF-kappaB pathway in the localized activation of wound repair genes around epidermal breaks. (sdbonline.org)
  • Rather, we found that phosphorylated activation loop Y842 serves as a binding site of SHP2, which is required for FLT3-induced activation of RAS/ERK pathway. (lu.se)
  • Research to practice potential : results of this study will emphasize importance of cleaning turnout gear, and proper handling of AFFF waste. (cdc.gov)
  • These results collectively demonstrate the potential of Cas9-based activators as a powerful genetic perturbation technology. (cdc.gov)
  • Epistasis analysis suggests that the Toll pathway acts as a downstream modulator for JNK-dependent cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • Global transcriptome analysis profiles metabolic pathways in traditional herb Astragalus membranaceus Bge. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results for GOStat analysis on co-expressed clusters. (riken.jp)
  • Advances in genomic analysis have led to a clearer understanding of the COX pathway. (medscape.com)
  • The resulting mutation was a 6-bp, in-frame deletion within a highly conserved region of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of SH2B3. (mcw.edu)
  • Spontaneous mutation and acquired immunologic processes can result in this disorder, as well. (medscape.com)
  • Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy, which results in various cardiovascular diseases. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Then, we analyzed the quantity of ASCs in the SVF and performed characterization of stem cell homology. (skinmicrobiomecongressca.com)
  • 3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)
  • The role of FIX in the hemostatic pathway is shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • The hemostatic pathway: role of factor IX. (medscape.com)
  • Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)
  • The resulting P values were also then adjusted by the Benjamini-Hochberg method for multiple comparisons. (riken.jp)
  • Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. (cancerindex.org)
  • Our results indicate the continuing high transmission of leprosy that includes fairly high rates of new cases detected in children indicating recent spread by multiple foci of infection in the community. (bvsalud.org)
  • The latter, homology-directed repair, happens more frequently in some types of cells than others, and requires the presence of a piece of DNA that can be used to patch the break. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Surprisingly, many of the genes that proved to be important -- homology-directed repair dropped dramatically when they were silenced -- were involved in an important repair system not thought to be involved in CRISPR repair. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Wing vein phenotypes resulting from these trans-species enhancer replacements parallel features of the respective donor fly species. (elifesciences.org)
  • These results may have important implications for our understanding of the ER evolution and eukaryogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although several FLT3 inhibitors have been developed and showed promising results in clinical trials, many patients develop drug resistance shortly after treatment starts and display poor outcome. (lu.se)