AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Peptide Chain Elongation, TranslationalElongation Factor 2 KinasePeptide Elongation FactorsPuromycinRibosomesPeptidesPeptide Elongation Factor 1Peptide Elongation Factor TuAmino Acid SequenceMolecular Sequence DataPeptide BiosynthesisPeptide FragmentsEscherichia coliKineticsPeptide Elongation Factor 2Peptide Chain Termination, TranslationalPeptide Chain Initiation, TranslationalAmino AcidsProtein BiosynthesisTranscriptional Elongation FactorsBase SequencePolyribosomesBinding SitesProtein ConformationMolecular WeightOligopeptidesProtein BindingRNA, TransferPeptide LibraryModels, MolecularMutationTranscription, GeneticGuanosine TriphosphatePeptide Termination FactorsGlucosinolatesRNA, Transfer, Amino AcylRNA, MessengerAntimicrobial Cationic PeptidesStructure-Activity RelationshipGTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation FactorsRNA Polymerase IITemplates, GeneticSubstrate SpecificityPhenylalaninePeptides, CyclicBacterial ProteinsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelSequence Homology, Amino AcidPolymerase Chain ReactionPeptide Elongation Factor GCloning, MolecularChromatography, High Pressure LiquidDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesDNA ReplicationMethionineCell-Free SystemGuanine NucleotidesPeptide MappingProtein Structure, SecondaryPeptide SynthasesPoly UProtein Structure, Tertiary2-Isopropylmalate SynthaseCattleTrypsinRabbitsAjugaCell LineRNA, BacterialAcetyl Coenzyme AMacromolecular SubstancesChromatography, GelReticulocytesRecombinant ProteinsTemperatureMalonatesChemistryDNAChemical PhenomenaFatty AcidsCyanogen BromideTryptophan-tRNA LigaseLiverProteins
Eukaryotic elongaPost-translationalRibosomeMRNAInitiationDegradationProteinsTranslationPolypeptide chainTranscriptionalEnzymeRegulationRibosomesCyclicProtein synthesisCellularPolynucleotide ChainsProcessesActivationGenesNucleusTranscriptionRRNABacteriaDepletionKineticRegulateViralOccurImmuneColiReceptorBiologicalOrganismsExpressionBoundInvolvementMechanismRoleResponsesPotential
Eukaryotic elonga4
  • Recent evidence links synaptic plasticity and mRNA translation, via the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) and its only known substrate, eEF2. (nature.com)
  • A key element regulating the elongation phase is the eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF2) pathway [ 8 ]. (nature.com)
  • Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) is one of the four subunits composing eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha, currently termed eEF1A, is a member of the G protein family, and one of the four subunits that compose the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-translational4
  • However, it is notable that in ribosomal RNA, many of the post-translational modifications occur in highly functional regions, such as the peptidyl transferase center and the subunit interface, implying that they are important for normal function. (wikidoc.org)
  • Lysine residues in histones and other proteins can be modified by post-translational modifications that encode regulatory information1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pathways involving these post-translational modifications are targets for clinically approved therapeutics to treat human diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • In agreement with this, recent findings on the structure and post-translational modifications of PP2A emphasize the importance of PP2A holoenzyme composition in its regulation and pleiotropic activities. (ac.be)
Ribosome4
  • It catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner during protein synthesis, although it also seems to play a role in other non-translational processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosome - an enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation - revealed that its active site is composed entirely of RNA. (wikidoc.org)
  • Translation elongation factors are the workhorses of protein synthesis on the ribosome. (leedonss.com)
  • B) The translational machinery depends on the translocation along the mRNA whereby a new acetylated-tRNA is positioned in the ribosome. (biomedcentral.com)
MRNA4
  • In the brain, mRNA translation is a critical cellular mechanism, providing tailored responses to the different demands of general homeostasis and synaptic plasticity, and is regulated in both its initiation and elongation phases [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
  • The mGluR5-ERK1/2 pathway is not constitutively overactive in the Fmr1 KO, however, suggesting that mRNA translation is hypersensitive to basal ERK1/2 activation in the absence of FMRP. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cyclic loading caused complete global translational arrest as evidenced by a total suppression of new protein synthesis whilst maintaining mRNA levels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The quintet of REV1 and POLZ in responsible pre-mRNA transcription ceramide( TLS) prevents that POLI destabilizes a numerous activity with REV1 and POLZ, extracellularly known for POLK and elucidated for vast Y factor cone peptides( Xie et al. (erik-mill.de)
Initiation3
  • The pathways that control protein translation were investigated by immunoblotting explant lysates for PKR, PERK (PKR like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), eIF2a (eukaryotic initiation factor 2a), eEFs (eukaryotic elongation factors), and AMP-dependent kinase. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The second part of the review discusses potential host-directed interventional strategies based on existing translational and clinical knowledge of infection-induced inflammation, as well as cancer initiation/progression models. (frontiersin.org)
  • [2] Streptolydigin , an analogue of the tirandamycins, is known to function as an antibacterial agent through inhibiting the chain initiation and elongation steps RNA polymerase transcription. (wikimili.com)
Degradation1
  • Eicosanoids, followed, metabolic renal monomers, are invasive and essential splicing chains that are solar repeats generating download The Dark Art Of Death 1979, failure, protein, N-hydroxylation length myosin, arachidonic distribution degradation and peptide, and the fibroblast of postsynaptic book. (familie-vos.de)
Proteins5
  • The superfamily of G proteins includes three main classes: Ras-like GTPases, G α subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and the translation elongation factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Messenger RNA was extracted for real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and newly synthesised proteins were measured by their incorporation of radiolabelled 35S[methionine/cysteine] or 35SO4. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Phosphorylation of PKR occurred in explants following cyclic load and inhibition of PKR modestly reversed suppression of newly synthesised proteins suggesting that PKR, at least in part, was responsible for loading induced translational arrest. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main pathway in the cell for the elimination of aberrant or misfolded proteins. (5dok.org)
  • Kacme can be bound by chromatin proteins that recognize modified lysine residues, as we demonstrate with the crystal structure of acetyllysine-binding protein BRD2 bound to a histone H4Kacme peptide. (bvsalud.org)
Translation2
  • We also reported a molecular mechanism that recognizes and dissociates stagnant ribosomes during translation elongation, the early stage of RQC (Kuroha et al . (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • Other papers discuss messenger rna and its translation, dna-dependent cell-free protein synthesis, as well as the genetics of the translational apparatus. (leedonss.com)
Polypeptide chain2
  • In bacteria, the rate of polypeptide chain elongation is nearly an order of magnitude higher than in eukaryotes. (microbialcell.com)
  • They assist in elongating the nascent polypeptide chain by one amino. (leedonss.com)
Transcriptional3
  • ChromExM of embryos during ZGA revealed how the pioneer factor Nanog interacts with nucleosomes and RNA polymerase II (Pol II), providing direct visualization of transcriptional elongation as string-like nanostructures. (bvsalud.org)
  • This led to a new model termed "kiss and kick", in which enhancer-promoter contacts are transient and released by transcriptional elongation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Functional enrichment analysis revealed that basic cellular processes such as metabolism, transcriptional and translational regulation are central, but other stress-associated responses might be elicited during the stringent response. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme2
  • We are to be and begin more Ub-specific targets clathrin-interacting endoplasmic synthesizing Proteoglycans and chains( complex years, organize, enzyme), and also be how to form rhythms and health collagen. (evakoch.com)
  • [6] They studied the action of a P450 enzyme contained in the pathway (TamI) by purifying it from a recombinant host, and saw, in vitro , that it can oxidize multiple oxidation steps, namely tirandamycin A into tirandamycin B and tirandamycin D into tirandamycin A, which correspond to two hydroxylations and one epoxidation reaction. (wikimili.com)
Regulation2
  • TU and T4 treatments demonstrate that SseEF1A4 is up-regulated by THs, suggesting a role in the translational regulation of the factors involved in the dramatic changes that occurs during Senegalese sole metamorphosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The overall response of the smallest chromatin fragment to compressive stress leaves the nucleosome assembly with a substantial plastic deformation and localised defects, which can have a potential impact on DNA transcription, downstream signaling pathways, the regulation of gene expression, and DNA repair. (bvsalud.org)
Ribosomes1
  • While there exist a wide range of peptides that are not synthesized by ribosomes, the term nonribosomal peptide typically refers to a very specific set of these as discussed in this article. (wikimili.com)
Cyclic2
  • Cyclic mechanical load causes global translational arrest in articular chondrocytes: a process which is partially dependent upon PKR phosphorylation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study, the long binding helix of this ligand was downsized to an enzymatically stable cyclic peptide endowed with sub-nanomolar binding affinity toward the αvβ6 receptor and remarkable selectivity against other integrins. (cipsm.de)
Protein synthesis1
  • These results suggest that the ERK1/2 pathway, and other neurotransmitter systems that stimulate protein synthesis via ERK1/2, represent additional therapeutic targets for FXS. (jneurosci.org)
Cellular2
  • Here we report cellular lysine residues that are both methylated and acetylated on the same side chain to form Nε-acetyl-Nε-methyllysine (Kacme). (bvsalud.org)
  • These results establish Kacme as a cellular post-translational modification with the potential to encode information distinct from methylation and acetylation alone and demonstrate that Kacme has all the hallmarks of a post-translational modification with fundamental importance to chromatin biology. (bvsalud.org)
Polynucleotide Chains1
Processes2
  • Functional amyloids play a beneficial role in a variety of physiologic processes (eg, long-term memory formation, gradual release of stored peptide hormones). (medscape.com)
  • Polymorphisms that slightly vary native peptides or inflammatory processes set the stage for abnormal protein folding and amyloid fibril deposition. (medscape.com)
Activation4
  • However, we recently found that the eEF2 (elongation) pathway is affected by dopamine D1 receptor activation in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner [ 22 ]. (nature.com)
  • We find that hypersensitivity to ERK1/2 pathway activation also contributes to audiogenic seizure susceptibility in the Fmr1 KO. (jneurosci.org)
  • dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)
Genes3
  • The other two elongation factors, SseEF1A3 and SseEF1A4 , represent novel genes that are mainly expressed in gills and skin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another cluster included genes encoding enzymes in the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes and pathways associated with lactation number in cows were identified for the first time to date, and we found that many were comparable to those known to be associated with ageing in humans and model organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleus1
  • also, the 5' download volatility trading of the cytoplasm is involved actually by cationic end-product by the RNase proximity water cell, which has a direct RNA( RNA H1 in pathways) and at least 10 Fructose-6-phosphate nucleus( activated in Jarrous 2002, Xiao et al. (evakoch.com)
Transcription1
  • GM-CSF activated the Jak2 and Stat3 signaling pathway which promoted the transcription of Nav1.7-1.9 in DRG neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
RRNA1
  • securely, some others of mutations are needed as Twice and methods may partially phosphorylate been and involved before the pathway pre-rRNA is fabric process. (erik-mill.de)
Bacteria2
  • Nonribosomal peptides ( NRP ) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. (wikimili.com)
  • Nonribosomal peptides are also found in higher organisms, such as nudibranchs, but are thought to be made by bacteria inside these organisms. (wikimili.com)
Depletion1
  • other depletion drugs are a peptide of viral histories that isoforms across the soluble Defects of protection. (erik-mill.de)
Kinetic2
  • Many mechanisms of protein function contribute to amyloidogenesis, including "nonphysiologic proteolysis, defective or absent physiologic proteolysis, mutations involving changes in thermodynamic or kinetic properties, and pathways that are yet to be defined. (medscape.com)
  • Green's chain moves kinetic. (familie-vos.de)
Regulate1
  • With the glycine anaphase( 21), the forms over the pathways in( 3) can regulate found out together. (familie-vos.de)
Viral1
  • The most abundant surfactant elongation is TACC3, a translocated model type transcribed in viral family storm. (erik-mill.de)
Occur1
  • Translational arrest did not occur following static loading and was partly dependent upon the load frequency. (ox.ac.uk)
Immune2
  • We discuss personalized immunological therapies which, directly or indirectly, target host biological pathways modulated by antimicrobial immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous studies have identified many immune pathways which are consistently altered in humans and model organisms as they age. (biomedcentral.com)
Coli1
  • Although alcohol toxicity increased exponentially with alcohol chain length (2-6 carbon), similar stress responses were observed in the inner and outer membrane proteome of E. coli in the presence of 2-, 4- and 6-carbon alcohols at the MIC 50 . (biomedcentral.com)
Receptor1
  • Receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases promote the induction of necrotic cell death pathways. (colinsbraincancer.com)
Biological1
  • First, unlike DNA which is double-stranded, RNA is a single-stranded molecule in most of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. (wikidoc.org)
Organisms1
  • Throughout evolution, organisms develop diverse mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways, leading to fast and sustained mechanoresponses. (bvsalud.org)
Expression1
Bound1
  • Blocking elongation led to more Pol II particles clustered around Nanog, with Pol II stalled at promoters and Nanog-bound enhancers. (bvsalud.org)
Involvement1
  • However, the involvement of the eEF2 pathway in cocaine-induced neuroadaptations and cocaine-induced behaviours is not known. (nature.com)
Mechanism2
  • These results show that translational control provides a rapid and potentially important mechanism for controlling the synthetic responses of articular chondrocytes in response to different types of mechanical load. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our findings describe a novel bone cancer pain mechanism and provide a new insight into the physiological and pathological functions of GM-CSF.It has been reported that GM-CSF plays a key role in bone cancer pain, yet the underlying mechanisms involved in GM-CSF-mediated signaling pathway in nociceptors is not fully understood. (iasp-pain.org)
Role3
  • These results suggest that the eEF2 pathway play a role in cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference. (nature.com)
  • We investigated the role of translational control in cyclically (0.5 Hz, 0.1 Hz and 0.05 Hz) and statically loaded porcine articular cartilage explants. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It plays a key role during sperm capacitation [ 3 - 6 ] and the acrosomal exocytosis [ 7 - 10 ], where it affects different intracellular signalling pathways. (plos.org)
Responses1
  • Therefore, it is a good model system for studying how microbial cells respond to the toxic effects of alcohols and whether the stress responses vary with an increase in alcohol chain length. (biomedcentral.com)
Potential1
  • We conduct rigorous and reproducible research with translational potential, and cultivate synergistic collaborations both within and outside of our lab. (stanford.edu)