• Inflammatory cytokine overexpression resulted from an increased activation of NF-κB and the MAPK signaling cascade and a reduced activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway following LPS stimulation. (aai.org)
  • Increase of miR-720 reduced Rab35 expression then activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway, thus inhibiting insulin secretion. (researchsquare.com)
  • Effect of electroacupuncture on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy and expression of IGF-1/PI3K/AKT in rats [J]. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2018,38(12):1311-1317. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • Yuan Y, Guo Q, Ye Z et al (2011) Ischemic postconditioning protects brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through PI3K-Akt pathway. (springer.com)
  • Insulin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-instigated JAK/STAT3-signaling pathways in the liver inhibit the expression of gluconeogenic genes to decrease hepatic glucose output. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was involved in this ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of PDCD4. (plos.org)
  • Pulsatile shear stress induces ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of PDCD4 via a PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs. (plos.org)
  • We tested the effects of treatment with P7170 for 16-24 h on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation over a range of concentrations inside a panel of anti-estrogen-sensitive ER+ breast malignancy cell lines. (sciencepop.org)
  • Validated miR-486-5p targets include phosphatase and tensin homolog ( PTEN ) and FoXO1 , whose suppression activates phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. (mysciencework.com)
  • LY2157299 enhances anti-tumor effect by disrupting TGF-β-dependent HIF-1α signaling and by activating both Smad and PI3K-AKT pathways towards transcription of S/G2 checkpoints. (nih.gov)
  • These growth factors can cooperate to activate distinct tumorigenic downstream signaling elements and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated molecules, including phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/ molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), vimentin, snail and twist. (nih.gov)
  • The molecular pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is thought to be initiated by point mutations that result in dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Active PLC hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) into the two second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and diacyl glycerol (DAG). (nih.gov)
  • A previous screen of a human kinase and phosphatase shRNA library to select genes that mediate arsenite induction of spindle abnormalities resulted in the identification of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 gamma (PIP4KIIγ), a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-synthesizing enzyme. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, PIP2 binds to polo-like kinase (PLK1) and reduces PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of MCAK. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2, hereafter referred to as PIP2) either binds to intracellular proteins and directly modulates their subcellular localization and activity or acts as a precursor for the generation of other second messengers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because the members of the PIP5KI and PIP4KII families exhibit specific and distinct subcellular localization patterns, it has been postulated that local increases in PIP2 concentration by a specific kinase member may underlie its diverse signaling functions [ 5 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) which regulates free Ca2+ levels in the cytoplasm is derived from hydrolysis of phosphotidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). (grantome.com)
  • Thus, PIP2 is a critical intermediate in the pathway for production of two important second messengers. (grantome.com)
  • We have proposed that an increase in the rate of phosphorylation of PI to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) and to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) could enhance responses to hormones by providing additional substrate for production of the second messengers. (grantome.com)
  • We have previously shown that GLP-1 transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor ( 12 ) to subsequently activate phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and Akt signaling ( 7 , 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM), a very aggressive and incurable tumor, often results from constitutive activation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (sdbonline.org)
  • The frequent deregulated genes products encompass the oncogenic B-RafV600E and N-RasQ61R mutants, different receptor tyrosine kinases and developmental pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), stem cell-like factor (SCF) receptor KIT, hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR receptor. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies reported that ATF-3 was induced by treating cells with antitumorigenic compounds [ 14 - 18 ] and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • JOENJA ® (leniolisib) is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) syndrome (APDS) in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older. (joenja-hcp.com)
  • Acanthamoeba -mediated brain endothelial cell death was abolished using LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. (asm.org)
  • The initial as well as the most effective example was the breakthrough of package mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and following advancement of the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, which revolutionized the treating GIST (3). (ap26113.com)
  • We thus identified 5-fluoro-3-phenyl-2-[( S )-1-(9 H -purin-6-ylamino)-propyl]-3 H -quinazolin-4-one (CAL-101), a highly selective and potent p110δ small molecule inhibitor (half-maximal effective concentration [EC 50 ] = 8nM). (ashpublications.org)
  • Inhibition of the Ras-MAPK pathway by expression of the dominant-negative Ras mutant HRasN17 or by addition of the MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 reduced several of these parameters but failed to block transformation. (embl.de)
  • Similarly, inhibition of the PI3K-mTOR pathway by addition of the PI3K inhibitor 2-[4-morpholinyl]-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002) or the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, although reducing several parameters of transformation, also failed to block transformation. (embl.de)
  • Immunoblotting Cells were treated as indicated in numbers then lysed in RIPA buffer [50 mM Tris pH 7.4 150 mM NaCl 1 NP-40 0.5% deoxycholic acid 0.1% SDS 1 mM EDTA 1 mM EGTA 5 mM NaPPi 50 mM NaF 10 mM β-glycerophosphate (Sigma) 1 mM Na3VO4 (New England Biolabs) protease inhibitor cocktail (Pierce)] on snow. (sciencepop.org)
  • In this study, cultured human temozolomide resistance GB (43RG) cells were introduced to the MGMT inhibitor O 6 -benzylguanine combined with temozolomide and either LY2835219 (CDK 4/6 inhibitor) or LY2157299 (TGF-βRI inhibitor) seeking to overcome GB treatment resistance. (nih.gov)
  • We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
  • Many molecular pathways in eukaryotic cells are modulated by specific signaling proteins that are controlled, by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, through the activity of kinase and phosphatase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The level of protein phosphorylation at specific sites varies from less than 1% to greater than 90%, depending on conditions [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CAL-101 blocked constitutive phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of Akt and other downstream effectors, an increase in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase cleavage and an induction of apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • Lower concentrations of P7170 (25-50 nM) potently inhibited mTORC1 signaling as indicated by reduced levels of phosphorylation of the downstream effector S6 (Fig. 1). (sciencepop.org)
  • We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
  • Activation of the pheromone receptor-coupled G protein initiates a four-tiered cascade of protein kinases, ultimately resulting in stimulation of a messenger-activated protein kinase or MAPK (Fus3) that translocates into the nucleus. (berkeley.edu)
  • ROS may induce intracellular calcium increase and subsequent contraction of PASMCs via direct or indirect interactions with protein kinases, phospholipases, sarcoplasmic calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-dependent potassium channels and L-type calcium channels, whose relevance may vary under different experimental conditions. (ersjournals.com)
  • moreover, PI3′-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) antagonized secretion. (jneurosci.org)
  • The FDA's Oncology Division has recently taken a hard stance on PI3K inhibitors, a novel class of drugs that inhibit various isoforms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and are approved for treating blood cancers. (proedcomblog.com)
  • 1 abstention) that future approvals of PI3K inhibitors should be supported by randomized data, which would allow for an assessment of overall survival (OS)-an action that makes accelerated approvals less likely and more difficult to obtain in cancers with a long life expectancy. (proedcomblog.com)
  • 1 Consequently small-molecule PI3K inhibitors with varying levels of selectivity for several PI3K isoforms have been developed, mainly for B-cell malignancies like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (iNHL), including marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) or follicular lymphoma (FL). (proedcomblog.com)
  • Table 1 summarizes the FDA-approved PI3K inhibitors that were the subject of the April 21 ODAC, and the history of FDA approvals for each. (proedcomblog.com)
  • As of writing this article, most accelerated approval indications in Table 1 , and several new marketing applications for PI3K inhibitors in blood cancer, have been withdrawn (including applications for accelerated approval in MZL/FL for MEI Pharma's zandelisib (ME-401) and Incyte's parsaclisib , and most recently, TG Therapeutics' umbralisib ). (proedcomblog.com)
  • Interestingly, DAG to which PKD1 is recruited in this pathway is formed downstream of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and a lipase-inactive PLD1 or inhibition of PLD1 by pharmacological inhibitors blocked PKD1 activation under oxidative stress. (biologists.com)
  • Some of the prepared cyclitol derivatives (i.e. 9, 11, 12, and 14) proved to be very powerful and specific irreversible inhibitors of PI4K230 at or below a concentration of 1 mM. (embl.de)
  • Treatment is often supportive, but Janus kinase 2 ( JAK2 ) inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib , fedratinib , pacritnib, or momelotinib may decrease symptoms, and stem cell transplantation may be curative. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hyperactivity along the Pl3Kδ signaling pathway disrupts immune cell balance, causing immune deficiency and immune dysregulation. (joenja-hcp.com)
  • Ultimately, both these organizations trigger dysregulation of terminal transmission pathways like the vascular endothelial development element (VEGF), insulin-like development element 1, platelet-derived development element (PDGF), C-kit, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3)/AKT/mechanistic focus on of rapamycin (mTor), and c-Met pathways (4,9,15). (ap26113.com)
  • Dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays an important role in the etiology of human malignancies, including those of hematologic origin. (ashpublications.org)
  • The induction of ATF-3 expression was mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in GS-002-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Transformation by v-Src: Ras-MAPK and PI3K-mTOR mediate parallel pathways. (embl.de)
  • To address the possibility that activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR/FRAP), represents one of these pathways, we have examined the effect of simultaneous inhibition of the Ras-MAPK and PI3K-mTOR pathways on transformation of CEF by v-Src. (embl.de)
  • However, simultaneous inhibition of signaling by the Ras-MAPK pathway and the PI3K-mTOR pathway essentially blocked transformation. (embl.de)
  • Disease evolution and response to rapamycin in activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome: The European Society for Immunodeficiencies-Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome Registry. (joenja-hcp.com)
  • Remarkably, downregulation of subunits of V-ATPase , of Pdk1 , or of the Tor (Target of rapamycin) complex 1 (TORC1) component raptor prevents overgrowth and normalize ref(2)P levels. (sdbonline.org)
  • DAG activates protein kinase C, and InsP3 mobilizes calcium from intracellular stores via the InsP3 receptor. (nih.gov)
  • The ↑[Ca 2+ ] i activates a signaling cascade that involves, sequentially, calcium-calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. This signal transduction pathway enables Cl − to pass through vesicular channels and act as a counterion for the transport of H + , so that the vesicles of secretogogue-stimulated cells become acidic. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus, the identification of a compound that activates the AMPK pathway would contribute significantly to the treatment and management of such syndromes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Next, we observed that Acanthamoeba specifically activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
  • Activates Wnt/β-catenin pathway inducing self-renewal of CCSC. (wjgnet.com)
  • It phosphorylates and activates several downstream kinases, including AMP-dependent kinase, AMPK . (sdbonline.org)
  • Thirty years earlier, however, the noted physiologist Hans Selye put forth the theory that adrenal GCs can enhance and mediate the cellular stress response ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). (aai.org)
  • The cellular phosphoinositide signaling system, a complicated network of enzymes and phospholipid messengers, is a crucial regulator for many cellular processes [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Research may be complicated by the fact that the acute phase of HPV, which lasts seconds to minutes to match ventilation to perfusion on a breath-to-breath basis, in contrast to sustained HPV, which lasts minutes to hours, may result from different cellular pathways. (ersjournals.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • This post-translational control of eukaryotic cellular machinery is a hallmark of pathways that respond to different stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Klionsky, D. J. & Emr, S. D. Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. (nature.com)
  • Pre-clinical studies of non-malignant diseases have identified miR-486-5p targets that regulate major signaling pathways involved in cellular proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. (mysciencework.com)
  • The master kinase LKB1 is a key regulator of several cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell polarity and cellular metabolism. (sdbonline.org)
  • The long term goal of the proposed research is to purify the enzymes which phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol (PI) and characterize their structure, mechanism of action and regulation. (grantome.com)
  • Members of a subfamily of these enzymes share a specific domain that was first identified in the yeast Sac1 protein [1]. (embl.de)
  • The synthesis, chemical derivatization, and investigation of the inhibitory properties of novel cyclitol derivatives on the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase enzymes PI4K55 and PI4K230 involved in the phosphatidylinositol cycle are reported. (embl.de)
  • JAK2 is a member of the class I type tyrosine kinase family of enzymes and is involved in signal transduction for erythropoietin , thrombopoietin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptors among other entities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, the combined transcriptome and proteome analysis results showed that COS mainly acted on the Brassinosteroids (BRs) cell signaling pathway, one of plant hormone signal transduction pathway, in Passiflora spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are major targets of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) tyrosine kinase activated by IGFs, and are known to play important roles in the activation of downstream signaling pathways, such as the Erk1/2 pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
  • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ gene mutation predisposes to respiratory infection and airway damage. (joenja-hcp.com)
  • microRNA (miR) is a highly conserved non-coding small RNA widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, 18-25 nucleotides long, being capable of affecting the biological functions of other genes by binding to the 3'UTR end of its target gene ( 4 , 5 ) . (researchsquare.com)
  • Liver TCPTP antagonises both insulin and STAT3 signaling pathways to regulate gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Utilizing retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to generate novel Tet-Off-SDF-1? (omicsdi.org)
  • Mutations of the Janus kinase 2 ( JAK2 ) gene are present in a high proportion of cases of primary myelofibrosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • IGF-IRβ, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor β. (aspetjournals.org)
  • More specifically, substrates with certain FYVE domains (named after the first four proteins in this motif, Fab1, YotB, Vac1p, and EEA1) bind PIP, and these pathways have been implicated in vesicular trafficking or receptor-mediated endocytosis ( 5 ). (asm.org)
  • The insulin signaling pathway begins with the binding of the peptide hormone insulin to its corresponding receptor, the insulin receptor. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The insulin receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that conformationally consists of two alpha and two beta subunit tetramers. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The insulin receptor exhibiting kinase activity is responsible for its autophosphorylation at the tyrosine residue site upon insulin binding. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Zhou Y, Fathali N, Lekic T et al (2012) Remote limb ischemic postconditioning protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rat pups by the opioid receptor/Akt pathway. (springer.com)
  • The insulin receptor (IR) and JAK1 tyrosine kinases and STAT3 can serve as direct substrates for the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 1 , 2 In B-cell malignancies, aberrant PI3K signaling may be the result of constitutive B-cell receptor (BCR) activation and/or the response to proliferation and survival factors present in bone marrow and lymph node microenvironments. (ashpublications.org)
  • In enzymology, 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (EC 2.7.1.68) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate, whereas its two products are ADP and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The majority of inositol lipids reside in membranes and serve as substrates for kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. (asm.org)
  • Hence, evidenced the blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • GC conditioning during Mφ differentiation induced an increase in the expression of SHIP1, a phosphatase that negatively regulates the PI3K signaling pathway. (aai.org)
  • Note: Illustration does not include all steps in the signaling pathway. (joenja-hcp.com)
  • Overexpression up-regulates the Erk signaling pathway and proliferation. (joplink.net)
  • In a quantification of acupuncture's effective mechanisms, the Fujian Provincial Research Institution of Traditional Chinese Medicine researchers identified an important signaling pathway activated by acupuncture that is responsible for producing its therapeutic benefits. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • Western blotting assay was implemented to check the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B. Results revealed that piperine induced dose reliant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (ijpsonline.com)
  • PF cells were found to express regulatory (p85) and catalytic (p110α and p110β) subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3′-kinase). (jneurosci.org)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a homeostasis disorder of glucose metabolism caused by insulin resistance (IR) and/or pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, which involves the interaction of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors ( 1 , 2 ) . (researchsquare.com)
  • Our data show that GLP-1 increases FoxO1 acetylation, decreases the binding of SirT1 to FoxO1, and stunts SirT1 activity in β-INS832/13 cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • GLP-1 decreases both the NAD + -to-NADH ratio and SirT1 expression in INS cells and isolated islets, thereby providing possible mechanisms by which GLP-1 could modulate SirT1 activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Finally, the action of GLP-1 on β-cell mass expansion is abolished in both transgenic mice and cultured β-cells with increased dosage of SirT1. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Our study shows for the first time that the glucoincretin hormone GLP-1 modulates SirT1 activity and FoxO1 acetylation in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Moreover, GLP-1 has been shown to promote β-cell mass expansion in both experimental animal models ( 8 , 9 ) and cultured β-cells ( 7 , 10 - 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These results were further confirmed using brain microvascular endothelial cells expressing dominant negative forms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
  • They regulate the excitability of cells and contribute to their resting membrane potential [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Increasing evidence suggests that SDF-1 is involved in bone formation through regulation of recruitment, engraftment, proliferation, and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
  • For Ki67 IHC and TUNEL 4 high-power (400x magnification) microscopic fields were used to count the numbers of positively-stained and total cells. (sciencepop.org)
  • We obtained P-PRAS40 transmission in tumor periphery using the method: Histoscore = (% cells with poor staining × 1) + (% cells with moderate staining × 2) + (% cells with strong staining × 3). (sciencepop.org)
  • Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a hormone produced by intestinal L cells in response to nutrient ingestion, lowers postprandial plasma glucose via glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, and delayed gastric emptying. (medscape.com)
  • 1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
  • However, the host intracellular signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms associated with Acanthamoeba -mediated HBMEC cytotoxicity have not been determined. (asm.org)
  • In addition, downregulation of the V-ATPase subunit VhaPPA1-1 reduces Akt and Tor-dependent signaling and restores clearance. (sdbonline.org)
  • This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics annotated a total of 426 differential metabolites (including 55 bitter metabolites), which were mainly enriched in 14 metabolic pathways, such as flavonoid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and diterpenoid biosynthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
  • Targeting of Smad1/2/4 and IGF-1 by miR-486-5p inhibits transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling, respectively. (mysciencework.com)
  • The PX domain of Vam7p selectively binds PtdIns-3-P, while the PX domain of the CPK PI-3 kinase selectively binds PtdIns-4,5-P(2). (embl.de)
  • This study reports that LKB1 binds to Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK1) by a conserved binding motif. (sdbonline.org)
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important signaling molecules that phosphorylate the 3′ OH position of the inositol ring of phosphoinositides (PIs), generating the second messengers PI(3)P, PI(3,4)P 2 , and PI(3,4,5)P 3 ( 4 , 17 ). (asm.org)
  • We tested the hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC) participates in stimulus-secretion coupling. (jneurosci.org)
  • The glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and stimulates pancreatic β-cell mass expansion. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • GLP-1 improves insulin secretion in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes ( 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We report here that Sac1p has a specific role in secretion and acts as an antagonist of the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Pik1p in Golgi trafficking. (embl.de)
  • Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p110δ serves as a central integration point for signaling from cell surface receptors known to promote malignant B-cell proliferation and survival. (ashpublications.org)
  • Using tumor cell lines and primary patient samples representing multiple B-cell malignancies, we have demonstrated that constitutive phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway activation is p110δ-dependent. (ashpublications.org)
  • Experimental study of rat denervated skeletal muscle atrophy [J]. Journal of Shanghai Medical University, 1999, 26(4): 265-268. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • We discuss how pathways that "sense" nutrients within skeletal muscle are readily able to regulate insulin action. (jci.org)
  • Objective To examine whether GLP-1 and insulin act additively on skeletal and cardiac microvasculature and conduit artery. (medscape.com)
  • Addition of insulin to GLP-1 did not further increase skeletal and cardiac muscle MBV and MBF. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, GLP-1 and insulin may regulate skeletal and cardiac muscle endothelial surface area and nutrient delivery under physiological conditions. (medscape.com)
  • The tampering of BCAAs in the impairment of insulin action was broadly reviewed as a consequence from the downregulation of BCAA metabolism in muscle controlled by the mTOR pathway, which is known to be regulated by insulin and leucine. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The emphasis in the modified classification is definitely on cytogenetics and molecular pathways, indicating the prospect of treatment by molecular targeted therapies (MTTs) (6,7). (ap26113.com)
  • Drug analogues of DNA precursors such as 5-fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside require metabolic activation, and resistance can arise from modification of these activation pathways. (nature.com)
  • Platelet activation pathways. (medscape.com)
  • We therefore attempted to use draft genome sequencing to rapidly dissect transmission pathways and confirm the identity of the species. (cdc.gov)
  • We have recently shown that this same pathway modulates the content of integral membrane proteins and, in collaborative studies, that it is also involved in maintenance of the sterol composition of the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
  • The regulation of complex and dynamic signal transduction proteins contributes to the destination of targeting proteins and the signal transduction of cell growth, and exposure to parasites can also influence signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recruitment of specific cytosolic proteins to intracellular membranes through binding phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) controls such processes as endocytosis, regulated exocytosis, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling. (embl.de)
  • We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
  • to BMSC-mediated bone formation, and validate the feasibility of the Tet-Off technology to regulate SDF-1? (omicsdi.org)
  • Here we report that clathrin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P 2 ) regulate ALR. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SDF-1? (omicsdi.org)
  • Likewise, treatment of advanced STS is normally shifting from universal one-fits-all 106cytotoxic chemotherapy to histology-driven therapy targeted at concentrating on particular mutations and signaling pathways exclusive compared to that subtype of sarcoma (3,4). (ap26113.com)
  • The glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1-[7-36]amide (GLP-1) ( 1 - 3 ) is a potent therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has become the focus of a great deal of attention as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK has been demonstrated to mediate, at least in part, the effects of a number of physiological and pharmacological factors that exert beneficial effects on these disorders. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our findings suggest that the activation of the AMPK pathway might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • For these reasons, this pathway and the mechanisms by which TORC2 and Ypk1 are regulated are under continuing intensive study. (berkeley.edu)
  • Recent studies show that modulation of TASK-1 channels, either directly or indirectly by targeting their regulatory mechanisms, has the potential to control pulmonary arterial tone in humans. (ersjournals.com)
  • The results suggest that remifentanil postconditioning exhibits neuroprotective effects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and its mechanisms might involve inhibition of neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K pathway. (springer.com)
  • The phosphoproteome strategy is alternative proteomic method that allows investigation into the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction pathways [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • which may mediate surface stabilization via glycosaminoglycans and protect SDF-1? (omicsdi.org)
  • The implication of SirT1 in GLP-1-induced proliferation was investigated by BrdU incorporation assay. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was executed for determination of effects of piperine on breast cancer cell viability. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Finally, Western blotting assay predicted constant expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B and reduced expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Treatment effects were assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, western blot, cell viability, and cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, a PDK1-consensus motif is located within the kinase domain of LKB1 and LKB1 gets phosphorylated by PDK1 in vitro. (sdbonline.org)
  • In service of this goal, we have screened a variety of naturally occurring compounds and have identified one compound, cryptotanshinone, as a novel AMPK pathway activator. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Using the tetracycline (Tet)-regulatory system we have shown that SDF-1? (omicsdi.org)
  • The PI3K pathway in human disease. (joenja-hcp.com)
  • Aberrant expression of miRNAs alters biological processes and pathways linked to human disease. (mysciencework.com)
  • Knockdown of USP9X suppressed basal activation of the Erk1/2 pathway, which was significantly restored by exogenous expression of IRS-2 but not by IGF-IR, suggesting that the stabilization of IRS-2 by USP9X is critical for basal Erk1/2 activation. (oncotarget.com)
  • [ 14 ] Recent evidence confirms that GLP-1 exerts a potent vasodilatory effect on the conduit and resistance arteries as well as terminal arterioles to significantly increase total muscle blood flow and muscle microvascular perfusion in rats and in healthy humans. (medscape.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cell expression of SDF-1? (omicsdi.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cell expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1? (omicsdi.org)