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InflammationArterialCoronary atherosclerosisAtheroscleroticProgressionDyslipidemiaVascularBiomarkersHypertensionCardiacPrematureChronicInflammatoryClinicalMetabolicArteriesEndotheliumCardiovascular diseasesPreventionIntimaMechanismsVivoRolePathologyRiskPrevalenceStrokeClassificationCytokinesDefinitionIncreasinglyPatientsDiseaseIncludeTreatmentTypeMajor

Inflammation11

• Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: the role of inflammation. (ox.ac.uk)
• Atherosclerosis is a disease of arteries and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the build-up of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the intima of the vessel wall. (ox.ac.uk)
• Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
• Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease, with a characteristic increase in lipid accumulation, inflammation, and plaque formation within the arterial walls [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
• Inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. (knowcancer.com)
• Reduced expression of SENP2 increased both p53 and ERK5 SUMOylation, hence increased EC dysfunction and inflammation, and accelerated atherosclerosis formation in vivo. (mdanderson.org)
• Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). (medsci.org)
• Atherosclerosis, which is believed to be the common pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease, is caused by inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired lipid metabolism [ 2 , 3 ] . (medsci.org)
• Inflammation and dyslipidemia together accelerate atherosclerosis [ 4 ] . (medsci.org)
• However, the mechanisms underlying inflammation-mediated lipid metabolism dysregulation in accelerated atherosclerosis in ESRD are not completely understood. (medsci.org)
• Mast cells play an important role in a variety of biological processes including allergic reactions, atherosclerosis and inflammation 7,8 . (bvsalud.org)

Arterial4

• During atherosclerosis, the narrowing of the arterial lumen is observed through the accumulation of bio compounds and the formation of plaque within artery walls. (springer.com)
• Atherosclerosis is the most common form of arteriosclerosis, which is a general term for several disorders that cause thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall. (msdmanuals.com)
• Atherosclerosis is a chronic systemic process, characterized by lesions, thickening of the arterial wall with accumulation of lipids, inflammatory and fibroproliferative response. (usp.br)
• Hypertension damages the endothelium through increasing the hemodynamic pressure on endothelium and enhance the permeability of arterial walls for lipoproteins and sequentially accelerate atherosclerosis 6 . (researchsquare.com)

Coronary atherosclerosis2

• The death certificate and autopsy report listed "hypertensive cardiovascular disease" as the cause of death with "coronary atherosclerosis" as a contributing factor. (cdc.gov)
• Paraoxonase 2 C311S single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with type C lesions in coronary atherosclerosis. (cdc.gov)

Atherosclerotic3

• Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), in which atherosclerotic changes are present within the walls of the coronary arteries. (medscape.com)
• The term atherosclerosis is derived from the Greek "athero," meaning gruel, or wax, corresponding to the necrotic core area at the base of the atherosclerotic plaque, and "sclerosis" for hardening, or induration, referring to the fibrous cap of the plaque's luminal edge. (medscape.com)
• The etiology of atherosclerosis is unknown, but there are multiple factors that contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression. (medscape.com)

Progression2

• Over the past two decades, its role in the initiation, progression, and clinical sequelae of atherosclerosis has been both increasingly studied and recognised (1). (escardio.org)
• Dyslipidaemia obesity and insulin changes highly acceler- encompasses changes in HDL-cholesterol ate the progression to atherosclerosis [ 2 ]. (who.int)

Dyslipidemia1

• It is characterized by a cluster of risk factors of atherosclerosis including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coagulation abnormalities. (erudit.org)

Vascular9

• A number of factors commonly characterized as "risk factors" for atherosclerosis have been identified to facilitate the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing NO bioavailability in the vascular endothelium. (ox.ac.uk)
• The serious clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis (including coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) augment the need of performing the appropriate diagnostic methods to the patients. (ox.ac.uk)
• The Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology developed the ESC Textbook of Vascular Biology, providing comprehensive information on vascular physiology, disease, and research. (escardio.org)
• The Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology publishes Position Papers and Consensus Documents in the ESC Journal Family. (escardio.org)
• This textbook is the official publication of the ESC Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology. (escardio.org)
• It covers molecular findings and novel targets within the speciality while also providing the basics of vascular biology and disease pathophysiology. (escardio.org)
• Atherosclerosis begins when lipoproteins infiltrate the vascular intima, drawing monocytes across the endothelium. (mayoclinic.org)
• Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerosis and levels of vascular relaxation are an indicator of endothelial health. (escardio.org)
• Despite the vast clinical experience linking diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome to vascular disease, little is understood regarding the mechansims connecting hyperglycemia to atherosclerosis. (lu.se)

Biomarkers2

• Current guidelines endorse focusing on circulating cholesterol and nonspecific inflammatory markers as biomarkers for atherosclerosis. (mayoclinic.org)
• Furthermore, identifying new biomarkers of cardiovascular risk has the potential to refine early-life prevention strategies, before atherosclerosis becomes established. (bmj.com)

Hypertension2

• The abnormal morphology and dysfunction of mitochondria have been proven as the principal mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and hypertension ( 4 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
• Traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis include elevated body mass index, hypertension, smoking, and increased blood cholesterol. (mayoclinic.org)

Cardiac3

• The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in T1D is poorly understood and no therapies are approved to prevent or treat these common, deadly complications of T1D. (nih.gov)
• The findings of the study may provide new insights into the potential role of TMZ in the pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis. (dovepress.com)
• Recently, EndMT has been increasingly recognized as a vital process that contributes to various cardiovascular pathologies in adults, which include atherosclerosis, valvular heart disease, cardiac fibrosis, and myocardial infarction. (dovepress.com)

Premature2

• Premature atherosclerosis is also associated with mutations in the ABCC6 gene. (wikidoc.org)
• Premature atherosclerosis is also associated with mutations in the ABCC6 gene, even in those without PXE. (wikidoc.org)

Chronic1

• A chronic disease is a long lasting condition that can typically be treated, but not necessarily cured (for example, atherosclerosis, arthritis, diabetes, and cancer). (onlinenursinganswers.com)

Inflammatory2

• The main drug categories that have been proved to ameliorate the inflammatory state in atherosclerosis are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptors blockers, statins, and antioxidants. (ox.ac.uk)
• We therefore hypothesized that the effects of GH on the process of atherosclerosis might be mediated through the cytokine-inflammatory pathway. (knowcancer.com)

Clinical1

• This video presents following topics about Atherosclerosis: Definition Epidemiology Risk factors Clinical aspects. (drbeen.com)

Metabolic2

• FoXO1 dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases including metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis, and tumors. (scienceopen.com)
• Its pathophysiology is likely to involve insulin resistance at the level of both skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue and altered fluxes of metabolic substrates between these tissues that in turn impair liver metabolism. (erudit.org)

Arteries4

• The underlying pathophysiology of heart disease is often atherosclerosis, a progressive buildup of plaques within the arteries. (asbmb.org)
• Atherosclerosis is characterized by patchy intimal plaques (atheromas) that encroach on the lumen of medium-sized and large arteries. (msdmanuals.com)
• Atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction are diffuse disease processes affecting coronary and peripheral arteries, hence, the physiological basis in assessing endothelium-dependent vasomotion in peripheral vessels. (escardio.org)
• These fatty substances build up in the arteries, skin, and other tissues, resulting in atherosclerosis, xanthomas, and the additional signs and symptoms of sitosterolemia. (medlineplus.gov)

Endothelium1

• Assessment of the pathophysiology of the endothelium and its ability to act as a potential therapeutic target is a growing area of research. (escardio.org)

Cardiovascular diseases2

• therefore, study of the antiapoptotic activity of SP2 on ECs provides information related to the treatment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. (hindawi.com)
• EC dysfunction is a trigger factor for the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Prevention2

• It also covers the major changes in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis that have occurred in recent years, developments and recent breakthroughs in the field are specifically highlighted. (escardio.org)
• Together, these findings might lead to widespread prevention of atherosclerosis - in its preclinical stage, which would have a major global health impact. (escardio.org)

Intima1

• Atherosclerosis was diagnosed by measuring the Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). (researchsquare.com)

Mechanisms1

• GH administration has effects on a number of these factors, but it is unknown which mechanisms are implicated in GH action on the process of atherosclerosis. (knowcancer.com)

Vivo1

• In addition there is a lack of information regarding the presence of mast cells in dental pulp of rats, which are animals used to study important aspects of the pathophysiology of dental pulp in vivo 6 . (bvsalud.org)

Role3

• The gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TMAO-induced AS. (nih.gov)
• These results indicate for the first time that SENP2 function plays an important role in atherosclerosis formation (Circ. (mdanderson.org)
• In addition, experimental evidence shows that apoC-III may also have a direct role in atherosclerosis. (portlandpress.com)

Pathology1

• Pathology of atherosclerosis / Neville Woolf. (who.int)

Risk3

• Atherosclerosis and the risk factors 14. (muni.cz)
• Recently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been identified as a novel and independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis (AS) partially through inhibiting hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis. (nih.gov)
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses of diabetes status and lung function decline using baseline and 3-year follow-up data on 1,100 diabetic and 10,162 nondiabetic middle-aged adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. (diabetesjournals.org)

Prevalence1

• Atherosclerosis is rapidly increasing in prevalence in low and middle income countries, and as people live longer, incidence will increase. (msdmanuals.com)

Stroke1

• [6] Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis . (wikipedia.org)

Classification1

• Ischemic heart disease (causes, pathophysiology, classification) 15. (muni.cz)

Cytokines1

• Many processes associated with the oxidation of LDL, increase expression of prothrombotic factors, adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors are involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. (usp.br)

Definition1

• 1. Definition of atherosclerosis. (drbeen.com)

Increasingly1

• The Nowadays, the term "dyslipidaemia" is causal association between atherosclerosis increasingly being used to describe abnor- and dyslipidaemia is well established. (who.int)

Patients1

• Atherosclerosis accounts for up to 80% of cholesterol (LDL-C) and the total choles- deaths in diabetic patients due to coronary terol/HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C) [ 1 ]. (who.int)

Disease2

• Identification of Specific Coronary Artery Disease Phenotypes Implicating Differential Pathophysiologies. (cdc.gov)
• Pathophysiology : the biologic basis for disease in adults and children / Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether. (who.int)

Include1

• These include novel factors that were not known to be involved in atherosclerosis, including matrilin-2, peroxidasin and MAM domain-containing 2. (asbmb.org)

Treatment1

• Because of the need for brevity and practicality, we have neither discussed areas of controversy nor provided in-depth discussions of pathophysiology and the scientific rationale for treatment. (cdc.gov)

Type1

• They are also susceptible to diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. (mmpc.org)

Major1

• 2013). Dr. Abe made major contributions in analyzing new aspects of signal transduction pathways, especially for SUMOylation, in cardiovascular pathophysiology. (mdanderson.org)