Pathogens to epithelial. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this study, we analysed the intracellular carbon metabolism of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC HN280 and EIEC 4608-58) and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (Stm 14028) replicating in epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). (uni-muenchen.de)
Epithelial cells also host pathogens, like Salmonella enterica. (wikipedia.org)
We have studied how bacterial species such as the pathogen Salmonella enterica maintain a discrete number of flagellar per cell during cell growth and division. (ncl.ac.uk)
The antibiotics are released in the presence of Salmonella , which is known to produce H 2 S. This approach prevents the quick absorption of antibiotics into the bloodstream, allows localized targeting of the pathogen in the gut, and alleviates disease symptoms in a mouse infection model. (nature.com)
However, in previous studies, NIAID scientists had observed that some Salmonella replicate rapidly in the cytosol -- the fluid portion -- of intestinal epithelial cells. (sciencedaily.com)
To address this question, the scientists genetically engineered Salmonella bacteria that self-destruct when exposed to the cytosol of epithelial cells but grow normally in other environments, including the lumen of the intestine. (sciencedaily.com)
Then they infected laboratory mice with the self-destructing Salmonella bacteria and found that replication in the cytosol of mouse intestinal epithelial cells is important for colonization of the GI tract and fuels fecal shedding. (sciencedaily.com)
The scientists hypothesize that, by hijacking the epithelial cell response, Salmonella amplify their ability to invade neighboring cells and seed the intestine for fecal shedding. (sciencedaily.com)

Furthermore, E1A DNA and protein persisted in epithelial cells in the lungs of these animals 9 . (ersjournals.com)

Epithelial cells along human gastrointestinal mucosal surface express pathogen-recognizing receptors and actively participate in the regulation of inflammatory reactions in response to microbial infection. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have evolved to build a complex physiological barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the underlying mucosal tissue. (nature.com)
The McCormick Lab has historically studied epithelial barrier function in the intestine and mucosal inflammation during enteric bacterial pathogen infection and inflammatory bowel diseases. (umassmed.edu)
Lactobacilli and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory products along with components of the epithelial mucosal barrier provide an effective first line defense against invading pathogens including bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis-associated bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. (frontiersin.org)
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an opportunistic pathogen of the human respiratory tract responsible for mucosal diseases in the upper and lower airways. (lu.se)
These changes include increased mucosal permeability, impairment of the mucociliary clearance, changes in pathogen adherence, disruption of the respiratory epithelium, and peribronchial inflammation and fibrosis. (who.int)

The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the airway epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and antimicrobial peptides produced by these cells. (cdc.gov)
Recent studies have shown that CRL can recognize NTHi and enhance the proinflammatory response against this pathogen in human airway epithelial cells. (lu.se)

These form part of the body's innate immune system and carry a range of pattern recognition receptors, which enable them to quickly detect invading pathogens. (charite.de)
Moreover, these receptors are functional, as treatment of FRT tissue cells with ligands for TLR and NOD induces production of proinflammatory CXCL8 [ 13 ], and those receptors actively participate in immune response to pathogens, as Neisseria gonorrhea and HIV-1 [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Rationale: Pattern recognition receptors such as membrane bound Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic Nod-like receptors (NLRs) of surface epithelial cells and antigen presenting cells detect airborne pathogens and activate innate immune response providing the first line of defense against these inflammatory agents. (cdc.gov)

Analysis of the genome sequences of the major human bacterial pathogens has provided a large amount of information concerning their metabolic potential. (uni-muenchen.de)
During my career I have gained valuable experience working with a range of bacterial pathogens. (ncl.ac.uk)
Important bacterial pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. (lu.se)

B. bronchiseptica" infects healthy ciliated epithelial cells whereas most respiratory pathogens cannot. (kenyon.edu)

[ii] Dye JAAdler KB Effects of cigarette smoke on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. (who.int)

These immunomodulatory agents can also alter the epithelial cell environments, since they also have a role in innate signalling. (wikipedia.org)
Thus our data suggest that regulates SIRT1 expression in human biliary epithelial cells in response to microbial challenge suggesting a new role of in the regulation of NF-κB-mediated epithelial innate immune response. (bio-cavagnou.info)
With a focus on viral infection, we summarize recent work that has established how epithelial proliferation is arrested during infection and how the innate immune system guides its reconstitution during recovery. (mendeley.com)

Pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), will be degraded in the autophagosome during an effective host response that will clear the bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Because bacteria and other pathogens like MTB can take over cellular responses like autophagy, they can increase their survival in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Smoking weakens your body's immune system, the natural defense you have against invading pathogens like viruses and bacteria. (healthline.com)
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) reside at thedirect interface between intestinal pathogens, beneficial commensal bacteria, and intestinal immunecomponents. (usda.gov)
Sepsis can originate from infections caused by a wide array of pathogens: bacteria, virus, parasites or fungi. (lu.se)

PLoS Pathogens , 9(12), article no. e1003787. (open.ac.uk)
PLoS pathogens , 8(2), article no. e1002530. (open.ac.uk)
PLOS Pathogens (eISSN 1553-7374, ISSN 1553-7366) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published monthly by PLOS, a nonprofit organization. (prolekare.cz)
PLOS Pathogens reflects the full breadth of research in these areas by publishing outstanding original articles that significantly advance the understanding of pathogens and how they interact with their host organisms. (prolekare.cz)

The changes that occur during adenoviral E1A transformation of primary guinea pig PLECs were also compared with those occurring during the transformation of the fibroblasts that frequently contaminate primary epithelial cultures, and evidence is presented that both cell types are transformed to an intermediate phenotype. (ersjournals.com)
Staphylococcus aureus, have been shown capable of acting as primary epithelial pathogens in susceptible individuals. (ivis.org)

Host-directed therapeutics, also called host targeted therapeutics, act via a host-mediated response to pathogens rather than acting directly on the pathogen, like traditional antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
It exerts this control by bringing the immune system to a state of 'readiness' in order to speed up its response to pathogens. (charite.de)

Whole-blood models can help to elucidate host-pathogens interactions and have been used for several Candida species in human blood. (frontiersin.org)
However, our understanding of how pathogens interact with cellular and humoral host factors in blood is limited, mainly due to technical issues: While it is relatively easy to study the interaction of pathogens with isolated blood cells, or their survival in serum or plasma, such approaches lack the complexity of interactions between different types of immune cells and additional factors, e.g., complement, present in blood. (frontiersin.org)
Assessing host-pathogen interactions in vivo in patients is challenging due to ethical and logistic limitations. (frontiersin.org)
Dr. Mantis' research focuses on host-pathogen interactions and the development of vaccines for biodefense and emerging infectious diseases (BDEID). (wadsworth.org)
They are ideal for the study of complex physiological interactions, cell signaling, and host pathogen defense. (jove.com)
However, the significance of the earliest stages of spore germination during immune cell interactions has not been investigated and yet this is likely to be important for defence against sporogenous fungal pathogens. (bvsalud.org)

Dissemination of pathogens from a primary site of colonization or infection can occur via different routes, including lymphatic vessels and the blood stream ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Some of these microorganisms such as Lactobacillus species reinforce the defense against invasion and colonization by opportunistic pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Dental plaque biofilm may promote oral and oropharyngeal colonization of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized subjects. (who.int)

The hematogenous is by far the most frequent route for systemic infections of various bacterial and fungal pathogens, in the most severe cases leading to blood stream infections ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, we previously established an ex vivo human whole-blood infection model that allowed us to define which immune cells interact with the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans ( 4 ), to identify cross-talk between different components of the host response ( 5 ), and to detect substantial differences between related fungal pathogens ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
The C-Type Lectin receptor (CRL) is known as the major β-glucan receptor expressed in myeloid cells and is responsible for targeting respiratory fungal pathogens. (lu.se)
This finding suggests that this receptor may have the ability to detect ligands from a broader spectrum of pathogens, not limited to fungal origins. (lu.se)

High estrogen states, as seen during puberty and pregnancy, promote the preservation of a homeostatic (eubiotic) vaginal microenvironment by stimulating the maturation and proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and the accumulation of glycogen. (frontiersin.org)
At puberty and during pregnancy, elevated levels of estrogen promote the maturation of and deposition of glycogen in vaginal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
Also, high serum estrogen levels maintain vaginal epithelial thickness, bolstering local defenses. (msdmanuals.com)

In cultured alveolar epithelial cells, hypoxia induces a downregulation of the two main Na proteins, the epithelial Na channel (ENaC) and the Na,K-ATPase. (nih.gov)
However, the in vivo effects of hypoxia on alveolar epithelial transport have not been well studied. (nih.gov)
Case-control studies have shown that the E1A DNA from group C adenoviruses is present in greater amounts in the lungs of patients with COPD than in controls with normal lung function matched for age, sex and smoking history 5 , and that the excess inflammation in the lungs of smokers with severe emphysema is associated with increased numbers of alveolar epithelial cells expressing E1A 6 . (ersjournals.com)

Effect of cranberry juice deacidification on its antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens and its anti-inflammatory properties in an oral epithelial cell model. (cranberryinstitute.org)
2016. An assessment of early colonisation of implant-abutment metal surfaces by single species and co-cultured bacterial periodontal pathogens . (cardiff.ac.uk)
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the role of periodontal pathogens in 50 hospitalized patients with hospital- acquired pneumonia compared with 30 healthy controls. (who.int)

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
However, in vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, causing a more severe disease (e.g., pneumonia). (mdpi.com)
Prophylactic regimens against opportunistic pathogens and more potent antiretroviral drugs appear to be important factors influencing this decline in incidence. (cdc.gov)

Surprisingly, the metabolism of the host cells, as judged by the efficiency of (13)C-incorporation into host cell amino acids, was not significantly affected by the infection with either of these intracellular pathogens. (uni-muenchen.de)
Intracellular pathogens often reside in immune cells like macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
These pathogens can be obligate or facultative intracellular pathogens. (wikipedia.org)

Many of these immunomodulatory host-directed therapies are adjuvants or pathogen-associated molecular patterns. (wikipedia.org)

However, our knowledge of the actual metabolic pathways and metabolite fluxes occurring in these pathogens under infection conditions is still limited. (uni-muenchen.de)
At present it is assumed that the relationship between an individual's susceptibility and bacterial virulence determines the balance between tolerance of invading pathogens and the mounting of an immune response, which in turn dictates the course of infection and subsequent recurrence. (ncl.ac.uk)
In the present study, the hypothesis that adenoviral infection followed by persistent expression of its E1A gene is capable of producing epithelial-mesenchymal transformation was examined by investigating guinea pig PLECs that express adenoviral E1A. (ersjournals.com)
It does this by suppressing the activity of immune cells that usually destroy invading pathogens and inhibiting the creation of antibodies, proteins your body uses to fight off future infection. (healthline.com)
Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). (hindawi.com)
Distinct pathogens use a diverse arsenal of molecular weapons to establish infection, designated virulence factors. (lu.se)
Des prélèvements d'urine ont fait l'objet d'un examen microbi- ologique (examen au microscope et mise en culture) à la recherche d'une infection urinaire, et des tests de sensibilité ont été réalisés avec divers antibiotiques pour les germes isolés. (who.int)

Candida is the most representative pathogen in this group, primarily affecting those corneas already compromised by topical steroids, surface pathology, or both. (medscape.com)

One of the first lines of defense in the GI tract is the physical barrier provided by a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells. (sciencedaily.com)
May participate in the defense against nematodes and other pathogens. (thermofisher.com)
These factors can contribute to adherence and multiplication at an epithelial surface, evasion of immune defense mechanisms or invasion into host cells and tissue. (lu.se)

CHIA is induced via a T helper-2 (Th2)-specific, interleukin-13-mediated pathway in epithelial cells and macrophages. (thermofisher.com)

Host-directed therapeutics may limit pathogen proliferation, e.g., have bacteriostatic effects. (wikipedia.org)
LTD4 has been shown to induce cell proliferation, survival and migration in intestinal epithelial cells (Int407) via the CysLT1R. (lu.se)

NTHi utilizes a variety of proteins to adhere to and colonize the surface of epithelial cells, which is crucial for its invasion. (lu.se)

Antimicrobial therapy of salmonellosis is known to be associated with prolonged fecal carriage, without reducing symptom duration or severity, and may even increase the rates of long-term shedding of pathogens 8 . (nature.com)
This study might open up an avenue to develop pathogen-targeting antimicrobial glycovesicles to resolve enteric infections with a minimal risk of adverse outcomes. (nature.com)

Pathogens 2023, 12, 123. (cdc.gov)

Cilia are the hair-like structures in your upper respiratory tract that catch pathogens and foreign particles. (healthline.com)
The sporozoites are released and parasitize epithelial cells (b, c) of the gastrointestinal tract or other tissues such as the respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)

This is reinforced by Lactobacilli through the production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), bacteriocins and biosurfactants, as well as the inhibition of the physical attachment of pathogens to the epithelium by competitive exclusion and the promotion of the engulfment and degradation of infected epithelial cells (autophagy). (frontiersin.org)

Tight Junctions as a Key for Pathogens Invasion in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. (nih.gov)
Inflammation is a response to injury or pathogen invasion. (lu.se)

Cranberry juice increased the adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells, but reduced the adherence of F. nucleatum by half regardless of the deacidification rate. (cranberryinstitute.org)

Working alongside colleagues in Mainz, Bern, Hannover and Bonn, researchers from Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and the German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ) were able to show how the microbiome helps to render the immune system capable of responding to pathogens. (charite.de)
These microbiome-derived signals prime cDCs for a future response against pathogens. (charite.de)
The gut barrier is made up of the mucus layer, gut microbiome, epithelial cells, and immune cells in the lamina propria. (medscape.com)

Enhanced understanding of pathogen derived virulence attributes can facilitate development of novel anti-infectives aimed at distinct virulence factors. (lu.se)

Several functional components of the epithelium contribute to this unique role, among them the secretion of a mucus layer and life-long regeneration of the different epithelial cell types from a stem cell compartment, allowing for quick repair of barrier defects 2 . (nature.com)
These organoids include a polarized epithelial layer that surrounds a functional lumen and contains cell types of the intestinal epithelium present in proportions and relative spatial arrangement that mimic what is observed in vivo. (stemcell.com)
Diagram of the small intestinal epithelium highlighting the identity and spatial arrangement of key epithelial cell types. (stemcell.com)
One consequence of evolving such a large surface area is that the lung epithelium is continuously exposed to toxins, irritants, and pathogens. (mendeley.com)

Impaired epithelial barrier function is regarded as a key feature of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 3 . (nature.com)
The present study investigated whether the removal of organic acids (0%, 19%, 42%, 60%, and 79%) from cranberry juice by EDBM affects its antibacterial activity against major periodontopathogens as well as its anti-inflammatory properties in an oral epithelial cell model. (cranberryinstitute.org)
Deacidification attenuated the anti-inflammatory effect of cranberry juice in an in vitro oral epithelial cell model. (cranberryinstitute.org)
To determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol component of green tea, in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiC). (molvis.org)
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bacterial cell walls and bacterial flagella, acts as ligands to trigger for downstream pathways that release inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and interleukins (IL1B, IL2, IL6 and IL18). (cdc.gov)

the host epithelial cell ( 7, 8). (researchgate.net)
The researchers say this is an example of how the pressure exerted by the host immune response can drive the evolution of a pathogen, and vice versa. (sciencedaily.com)
However, despite continuous exposure to diverse microbes, the mechanisms regulating howIECs integrate microbial-derived signals to mount protective host responses to pathogens are not wellunderstood. (usda.gov)

Ocular surface inflammation can be induced by numerous insults including the presence of pathogens, allergic reaction, and dry eye disease. (molvis.org)

By reactivating effective autophagy processes the pathogen could be cleared. (wikipedia.org)

In epithelial cells miR-200a suppresses SIRT1 expression and subsequently SB225002 regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like transformation [18]. (bio-cavagnou.info)

Carbon metabolism of enterobacterial human pathogens growing in epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Significant downregulation of β-defensin1 gene ( DEFB1 ) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
Primary human bronchial epithelial cells HBEp cells. (cdc.gov)
H69 cells (a gift of Dr. D. Jefferson Tufts University) are SV40-transformed human biliary epithelial cells originally derived from normal liver harvested for transplant [14 19 Before infecting cells oocysts were treated with 1% sodium hypochlorite on ice for 20 min followed by extensive washing with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM)-F12. (bio-cavagnou.info)
a human pathogen feeding at the surface of epithelial cells and phagocytes. (cdc.gov)
For example, millions of short epithelial cilia direct mucus flow to continuously clear pathogens out of the human airways. (aps.org)

Genetic deletion of Dnmt3a in intestinal epithelial cells ( Dnmt3a ΔIEC ) in mice confirms the phenotype of an altered epithelial ultrastructure with shortened apical-junctional complexes, reduced Goblet cell numbers and increased intestinal permeability in the colon in vivo. (nature.com)
At the same time, these cells also use phagocytosis to engulf and digest invasive pathogens, after which they present individual particles as antigens on their cell surface.This, in turn, leads to the activation of T cells (which form part of the adaptive immune system) and results in a targeted immune response. (charite.de)
17 This property of rapid regeneration at intestinal stasis makes the intestine a uniquely convenient model system for epithelial cell biology and adult stem cell biology studies both inside and outside the specific context of intestinal function. (stemcell.com)

The lab has also identified antibodies that protect epithelial cells from the deleterious effects of the toxin. (wadsworth.org)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation is now recognised as an important feature of tissue remodelling. (ersjournals.com)
Reports from several laboratories suggest that a phenomenon termed epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, in which epithelial cells transform into fibroblasts capable of producing connective tissue matrix, is an important feature of tissue remodelling 10 , 11 . (ersjournals.com)

Poorly absorbed oral antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and β-lactam families allow localized enteric targeting of pathogens 11 . (nature.com)

DNMT3A expression is downregulated in intestinal epithelial cells from IBD patients and upon tumor necrosis factor treatment in murine intestinal organoids. (nature.com)
Enteroids are three dimensional organoids derived from intestinal epithelial cells. (jove.com)

Role of neutrophil extracellular la NETosis en las enfermedades infecciosas pulmonares. (bvsalud.org)

In children diagnosed with IBD, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of purified intestinal epithelial cells clearly distinguishes between healthy individuals and the IBD group 8 . (nature.com)

These data demonstrate a critical role for DNMT3A in orchestrating intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to tissue damage and suggest an involvement of impaired epithelial DNMT3A function in the etiology of IBD. (nature.com)

This dictionary contains entries directly or indirectly bearing on factors that are major pathogenicity determinants of pathogens. (copewithcytokines.de)

Anatomy15

Organisms82

Diseases45

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science4

Health Care9

Salmonella8

Persisted in epithelial cells1

Mucosal6

Airway epithelial cells2

Receptors3

Bacterial pathogens3

Ciliated epithelial cells1

Cells of the respiratory tract1

Innate3

Bacteria5

PLoS Pathogens4

Primary epithelial2

Response to pathogens2

Interactions6

Colonization3

Fungal4

Vaginal epithelial3

Alveolar epithelial3

Periodontal pathogens3

Opportunistic pathogens3

Intracellular pathogens3

Immunomodulatory1

Infection7

Candida1

Defense3

Macrophages1

Proliferation2

Proteins1

Antimicrobial2

20231

Respiratory tract2

Degradation1

Invasion2

Adherence1

Microbiome3

Virulence1

Epithelium4

Inflammatory5

Host3

Inflammation1

Autophagy1

Regulates1

Human6

Cell3

Antibodies1

Mesenchymal2

Enteric1

Organoids2

Extracellular1

Genome1

Homeostasis1

Factors1