• Foodborne diseases are caused by food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, and Clostridium, a critical threat to human health. (usda.gov)
  • Targeted proteomics for studying pathogenic bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Among the main topics of the symposium are the research on pathogens transmitted by water, i.e. pathogenic bacteria, parasites and viruses. (lifescienceaustria.at)
  • Infiltration of fecal material into the subsurface can result in the contamination of ground water supplies by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, thereby posing a threat to public health. (lpelc.org)
  • The simulation study - conducted on these topical creams - integrated preservative efficacy test (PET) with dose-response model of infection to demonstrate the probability of infection that could occur due to unintentional transmission of pathogenic bacteria to damaged or injured skin of the patient. (journals.cz)
  • 2005. Variation for neutral markers is correlated with variation for quantitative traits in the plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)
  • Potentially pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis , and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly carried in the nasopharynx of young children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Honey bees, Apis mellifera, have been implicated as vectors of plant pathogens. (researchgate.net)
  • These data emphasize the need for further research regarding the characteristics of bacterial pathogens in the VBNC state and present the advantages and high-throughput capabilities of ATP determinations to investigate tolerance of VBNC pathogens to antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
  • The presented method should be helpful in order to identify appropriate countermeasures, treatments, or disinfectants when confronted with bacterial pathogens in the VBNC state. (frontiersin.org)
  • Typical bacterial pathogens that cause CAP include Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
  • It is estimated that 50% or less of those individuals infected with enteric viruses or bacteria actually become ill (Haas et al. (scienceopen.com)
  • As a biochemist you study the way living organisms - from viruses and bacteria to mammals, plants and other higher organisms - function at the molecular level. (kent.ac.uk)
  • To control this pathogen, it is critical to understand its cold tolerance because poultry products are usually distributed in the cold chain. (usda.gov)
  • To control this pathogen, copper-based pesticides. (genomebc.ca)
  • The most commonly identified pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Several studies have demonstrated that the colonization and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans is associated with dental caries in humans, since they are influenced by various factors in the oral cavity, such as nutrition and hygiene conditions of the host, salivary components, cleaning power and salivary flow and characteristics related with microbial virulence factors 3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the paper, we build a quantitative model for the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes in human pathogens and populate it using the few numbers that are available on different processes (bacterial uptake, horizontal gene transfer rates, rate of mobilization of chromosomal genes, etc.) in the literature (1) . (microbiology.se)
  • We also find that most likely the majority of resistance genes in human pathogens have very small fitness costs associated with them, if any cost at all. (microbiology.se)
  • The model caps the average fitness impact for ARGs currently present in human pathogens between −0.2 and +0.1% per generation. (microbiology.se)
  • By tracking ARGs currently present in human pathogens across bacterial genomes, it may be possible to trace the evolutionary history of these genes and thereby identify their likely hosts at the beginning of the antibiotic era, similar to what was done by Stefan Ebmeyer and his colleagues (2) . (microbiology.se)
  • A Monitoring for human pathogens in sewage Monitoring of human pathogens in sewage is possible because they may be excreted in a range of bodily fluids, skin, and hair during active infection (Feachem et al. (scienceopen.com)
  • Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients is often caused by unusual pathogens but may also be caused by the same pathogens that cause community-acquired pneumonia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • are two foodborne pathogens of importance. (usda.gov)
  • As a novel antibacterial agent against foodborne pathogens, endolysins are peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by bacteriophages that lyse bacterial cells by targeting their cell wall, notably in Gram-positive bacteria due to their naturally exposed peptidoglycan layer. (usda.gov)
  • Many bacteria enter the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state to maximize resources and increase their tolerance to harmful conditions to cope with environmental stress, which has been described for a plethora of important human and foodborne pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pollution from fecal pathogens continues to be a major concern for health in the environment, water and food. (lifescienceaustria.at)
  • Particular attention is paid to the development and application of microbiological indicators, diagnostical tools for determining the origin of fecal sources, and the modeling of microbiological water quality and the associated risks to human health. (lifescienceaustria.at)
  • For almost 40 years, Bonde's (1966) attributes of an ideal indicator have served as an effective model of how a fecal contamination index for public health risk and treatment efficiency should function ( Box 4-1 ). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is a dominant intestinal commensal organism, an important fecal indicator bacterium (FIB), a pathogen and a target for microbial source tracking (MST). (lpelc.org)
  • To assess whether a ground water source is at risk for fecal contamination, agencies responsible for monitoring water supplies generally test for the presence of nonpathogenic as indicator organisms. (lpelc.org)
  • We used traditional fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and microbial source tracking (MST) methods to help identify source(s) of the FIB. (mdpi.com)
  • Host species, geography (elevation), climatic conditions and microbial richness were all associated with the prevalence of infection. (nature.com)
  • Due to its multifactorial nature and microbial origin, the severity and prevalence of caries can be greatly affected by the endogenous conditions within each host individual 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • 6 and 8 hrs) for their efficiency in reducing the level of microbial contamination in harvested rainwater. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In many situations, bioterrorist contamination events will result in the pathogen shedding to wastewater before a community level epidemic begins. (scienceopen.com)
  • The aim of this review of published literature and reports is to assess the feasibility of monitoring sewage systems as an early warning system for the release of pathogens from an intentional, natural, or accidental biological contamination event. (scienceopen.com)
  • In urban areas, 1,268 (10.95%) of the samples contained coliform bacteria and 293 (2.53%) of these samples contained E. coli , with the factor of rainfall associated with 1,081 samples (9.33%) with bacterial contamination. (iwaponline.com)
  • The medicinal products itself were little affected by microbial contamination when they were enclosed in their primary packaging materials as was observed by the in-use study. (journals.cz)
  • The interdisciplinary Risk Communication department conducts research projects on risk perception, early risk detection and risk impact assessment relating to new methods such as nanotechnology, changes in the nutritional behaviour of consumers following risk communication, or the prioritisation of risks by different social interest groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following specialised groups are established in the department: Crisis Prevention and Coordination Risk Research, Perception, Early Detection and Impact Assessment Press and Public Relations Scientific Event Management A key task of the department for Exposure is the analysis, modelling and estimation of consumer exposure to the undesirable substances and microbiological hazards to be assessed by the BfR. (wikipedia.org)
  • Associations between faecal pathogen detection, E. coli concentrations and youth exhibitor biosecurity practices at California county fairs. (ucdavis.edu)
  • 2021. TCF-ALP: a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Staphylococcus bacteria and application in "smart" wound dressings . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The work of the BfR is based on a number of national legal regulations - including the founding law of the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, the Food and Feed Code (LFGB), Protection Against Infection Act (IfSG), Plant Protection Act, Chemicals Act, Washing and Cleaning Agents Act), and Genetic Engineering Act. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their presentations considered (a) the positive influences of water consumption on kidney diseases and urinary tract infection (UTI), (b) human neuroendocrine regulation of water and electrolytes, and (c) low daily water consumption as an epidemiologic risk factor for chronic diseases. (thefactsaboutwater.org)
  • We used quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to investigate the removal of R. solanacearum during ASTR to predict infection risks of potato plants after irrigation with the recovered water. (tudelft.nl)
  • Infection risks of potato plants were calculated using a dose-response model and ASTR treatment resulted in negligible infection risks of a single plant, but also when simulating the irrigation of a 5 ha potato field. (tudelft.nl)
  • In addition to release during active infection, pathogens can be washed into sewage systems from cleaning of indoor (floor washing, kitchen sink use) and outdoor (auto washing, driveway cleaning, storm water collection) facilities. (scienceopen.com)
  • Our focus is on the challenges to diagnosing wound infection, including accurately determining risk factors, differentiating colonization from infection, and understanding the gold standard for diagnosing wound infection. (woundsource.com)
  • The concept of critical colonization was invented to describe the idea that bacteria could play a role in non-healing wounds that do not have any obvious signs and symptoms of infection. (woundsource.com)
  • The assessment of infection in a chronic wound is a clinical skill, and the decision to prescribe antibiotics or apply topical antimicrobial agents should be based primarily on clinical presentation. (woundsource.com)
  • Infection risk from the misuse of multi-dose medicinal products is a seriousproblem which affects final consumer health and may impact on thereputation of pharmaceutical companies adversely. (journals.cz)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • The recommended schedule for monitoring is based on the patient's risk for chronic infection. (medscape.com)
  • Because the threat level drives the risk assessment analysis, a monitoring system should be coordinated with findings from modeling studies on the survival and dispersion of contaminants (Kim et al. (scienceopen.com)
  • New Metagenomics And Molecular Based Tools For European Scale Identification And Control of Emergent Microbial Contaminants In Irrigation Water. (ub.edu)
  • If there is an increase in the number of bacteria, depending on the virulence of those bacteria, this process can begin to overwhelm the host. (woundsource.com)
  • 2012. Pathogen populations evolve to greater race complexity in agricultural systems - evidence from analysis of Rhynchosporium secalis virulence data . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • As amino acid variations are likely to be correlated with differences in biological risk, molecular characterization, such as that described in this paper, could be the key for assessing the development of dental caries in children. (bvsalud.org)
  • The role of canines in transmitting antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans in the urban environment is poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three of Bonde's attributes (1, 2, and 4) address the relationship between indictor organisms and pathogens of concern, while the remaining five describe desirable properties associated with quantifying the indicator. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Grow widely independent of other organisms present, when inculcated in artificial media (i.e., indicator bacteria should not be seriously inhibited in their growth by the presence of other bacteria). (nationalacademies.org)
  • As only the fossil record can give us information about species numbers in past times and most of the soft-bodied organisms did not leave any fossil remains behind, quantitative data on patterns of diversification and extinction throughout geological time are very scarce. (groms.de)
  • A combination of linear discriminant analysis and ecological network analysis was used to compare the microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with L. maculans . (biorxiv.org)
  • This approach could be used to identify and promote micro-organisms with beneficial effects against residue-borne pathogens, and more broadly, to decipher the complex interactions between multi-species pathosystems and other microbial components in crop residues. (biorxiv.org)
  • This is the first QMRA that analyzed an agricultural ASTR and the fate of a plant pathogen focusing on plant health. (tudelft.nl)
  • QMRA is a useful (water) management tool to evaluate the treatment steps of water reclamation technologies with the aim to provide safe irrigation water and reduce risks disseminating plant diseases. (tudelft.nl)
  • The qualitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework can be used as a tool to develop and interpret this type of wastewater monitoring system. (scienceopen.com)
  • We address issues from a QMRA perspective and explore methods to detect and monitor pathogens in wastewater. (scienceopen.com)
  • Our results suggest canines are part of the transmission network that disseminates high-risk multidrug resistance in E. coli within the urban San Francisco community. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nine laboratories screened pneumococcal isolates by disk diffusion, then confirmed penicillin resistance by determination of a quantitative MIC. (cdc.gov)
  • Integrating Whole-Genome Sequencing Data Into Quantitative Risk Assessment of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges. (cdc.gov)
  • In short, we find that in order for the environment to play an important role in the appearance of novel resistance genes in pathogens, there needs to be a substantial flow of bacteria from the environment to the human microbiome . (microbiology.se)
  • Five workshops such as WHO workshops on antimicrobial resistance and bacteriophages as well as on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QRMA) are organized. (lifescienceaustria.at)
  • In health, microbial communities exist in a homeostatic balance with the host that contributes to ecosystem stability and provides resistance to colonization by exogenous pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • My research focuses on antimicrobial biocides, an area of continuing global importance due in part to the rise in hospital acquired infections (HAIs) and emerging microbial resistance. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Aim Campylobacter is the leading bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne illnesses worldwide. (usda.gov)
  • We included all outbreaks that occurred during 2009-2014 in which the confirmed etiologic agents were any of the 4 pathogens of interest ( Campylobacter spp. (cdc.gov)
  • 99% reduction in Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria counts was then obtained in the SOPAS and SODIS samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In rural areas, 5,979 water samples (77.54%) were found to be contaminated by coliform bacteria and 3,431 (44.50%) by Escherichia coli . (iwaponline.com)
  • Nosocomial Pathogens and Laboratories Br, Hospital Infections Program, Childhood and Respiratory Diseases Br, Div of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • 1999). In the case of some respiratory pathogens, 90% or more of the persons infected will become ill (Belshe, 1991). (scienceopen.com)
  • Diagnosis is based on blood cultures and bronchoscopic sampling of respiratory secretions, sometimes with quantitative cultures. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chest x-ray and assessment of oxygenation (usually by pulse oximetry) are done in immunocompromised patients with respiratory symptoms, signs, or fever. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, with the advent of novel diagnostic technologies, viral respiratory pathogens are increasingly being identified as frequent etiologies of CAP. (medscape.com)
  • I am very interested to study the effects of these pollutants on the ecology and function of soil microbial communities using biochemical (PLFA) and molecular biology techniques. (moa.gov.cy)
  • Mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen free living bacteria, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria are important microbial groups that have been recognized as plant growth promoting microorganisms. (moa.gov.cy)
  • The most common viral pathogens recovered from hospitalized patients admitted with CAP include human rhinovirus and influenza . (medscape.com)
  • The bad , of de slechte bacteriën, zoals Listeria monocytogenes , kunnen infectie en ziekte veroorzaken. (scriptieprijs.be)
  • Om onderdrukking en competitieve interacties tussen enerzijds Listeria monocytogenes en anderzijds enkele goede bacteriën vanop sla te onderzoeken, werd een modelsysteem ontwikkeld in het labo, namelijk sla-agar. (scriptieprijs.be)
  • While mass die-offs of amphibians have not been reported in Asia, our current knowledge about host range, environmental preferences, and distributions, as well as the potential impact of fungal pathogens in Asia is limited. (nature.com)
  • Oilseed rape residues are a crucial determinant of stem canker epidemiology, as they support the sexual reproduction of the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans . (biorxiv.org)
  • The role of the microbiota in the plant's response to a disease or in the pathogenicity of a fungal pathogen is currently being studied in various pathosystems, but remains poorly understood. (biorxiv.org)
  • The most important biological attribute is a strong quantitative relationship between indicator concentration and the degree of public health risk. (nationalacademies.org)
  • An epidemiological approach to monitoring sewer systems is especially relevant for an early warning of pathogens used as biological weapons. (scienceopen.com)
  • This chapter describes desirable attributes of an indicator, typical applications of indicators, indicator attributes that are appropriate for such applications, and provides an assessment of whether current indicators and indicator approaches are meeting the needs of each application. (nationalacademies.org)
  • 1987). An alternative means of demonstrating the relationship to health risk is through correlation between prospective indicator concentration and pathogen levels (Gerba et al. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The results showed that the susceptibility of both pathogens decreased significantly with increasing bacterial concentrations. (hocl.com)
  • Clonal yet Different: Understanding the Causes of Genomic Heterogeneity in Microbial Species and Impacts on Public Health. (cdc.gov)
  • About 80-90% of halitosis is due to intraoral microbial species that populate on the tongue, teeth, and periodontal biofilms. (medscape.com)
  • Anaerobic bacteria and fungi are also prevalent. (who.int)
  • Oral malodor from the overgrowth of proteolytic, anaerobic gram-negative bacteria on the crevices of the tongue dorsum can be successfully diagnosed and treated. (medscape.com)
  • The bacteria that cause bad breath can flourish in this type of "anaerobic" environment. (medscape.com)
  • Research has shown a direct correlation between the amount of coating on a person's tongue and the total number of anaerobic bacteria present in the coating. (medscape.com)
  • 2023. Risk of organism acquisition from prior room occupants: An updated systematic review . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • We confirmed that bacteria in the VBNC state were resistant to all tested antibiotics (ampicillin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin) and additionally insensitive to disinfectants (benzalkonium chloride and trioctylmethylammonium chloride) and preservatives (bronopol and sodium azide). (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, water quality improves because chemical pollutants and pathogens will be removed by degradation and attachment to the aquifer material. (tudelft.nl)
  • Foodborne diseases are a global threat both in Developing and Industrialized Countries thus forcing Public Agencies to define some key-concepts for a correct management of the risk associated with foods. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Recent changes in human demographics and food preferences, changes in food production and distribution systems, microbial adaptation, and lack of support for public health resources and infrastructure have led to the emergence of novel as well as traditional foodborne diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • essential public health issue for all countries this has not, however, been the case with since foodborne disease, whether due to regard to foodborne diseases, which remain microbial pathogens, biotoxins or chemical a great challenge. (who.int)
  • The risk-based approach must be backed and trade is aggravating the widespread by information on the most appropriate outbreaks of foodborne diseases. (who.int)
  • Several mechanisms cause deterioration of food and limit their shelf life: biochemical or microbial decay, chemical changes - especially oxidation (rancidity of fats, respiration of fruits and vegetables, discoloration, vitamin loss) -, physical deterioration (moisture migration, water loss or uptake). (eurekaselect.com)
  • The human oral cavity is a highly complex ecosystem in which the tooth- and soft-tissue surfaces offer distinct ecological niches for microbial colonization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the past decade, the accuracy of initial antibiotic treatment has been manifest as one of the most consistent prognostic factor: early aggressive therapy with adequate broad-spectrum regimens against the likely pathogens is associated with lower mortality rates and shorter length of hospital stay (LOS). (springeropen.com)
  • The source water may contain the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum which causes plant infections and high yield losses. (tudelft.nl)
  • and reduce pathogens and losses of nutrients. (usda.gov)
  • Sub-objective 1.B. Evaluate nutrient cycling, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions, and nutrient and pathogen runoff losses with conventional and improved liquid dairy manure management practices for alfalfa production and in a silage corn-rye cover crop system. (usda.gov)
  • We will also examine pathogen transport and viability at different points in the dairy farm system. (usda.gov)
  • Additionally the implementation of analytical chemistry regarding the fate of these pollutants in the environment will also help us to understand their relation with microbial community. (moa.gov.cy)
  • Monitoring programs for pathogens or surrogates could potentially aid in the accomplishment of these goals. (scienceopen.com)
  • VBNC pathogens can potentially present a serious risk to human health as they are invisible to routine microbiological culture-based methods. (frontiersin.org)
  • A subpopulation of the bacteria persisted for a prolonged time at low concentrations which may pose a risk if the water is recovered too early. (tudelft.nl)
  • Risk factor analysis was done using data on bacterial carriage and participant characteristics from a cross-sectional study that enrolled 302 children aged 12-24 months living in urban or semi-rural areas of Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Historic definitions of microbial indicators, such as coliforms, have been tied to the methods used to measure them. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage and density of S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae , M. catarrhalis , and S. aureus in young children in Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "typical" CAP refers to a bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens such as S pneumoniae , H influenzae , and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
  • The most common bacterial pathogen overall is S pneumoniae , although, in some settings, including in the United States, its incidence is decreasing, possibly owing to vaccination. (medscape.com)
  • the way the immunocompromised host and the aggressive ICU environment interact is only partially discovered, the available biomarkers for diagnosis are not sufficient to ensure prompt differentiation between sick patients and patients at risk, the microbiological cultures require invasive techniques and time consuming methods. (springeropen.com)
  • This means that it is not subject to any technical supervision by law with respect to its scientific risk assessments and thus has an important scientific reference and orientation function for consumers, politics (federal and state), the economy, the media, associations and science in the case of unresolved scientific questions and during crises. (wikipedia.org)
  • Associations between host factors and odds of pathogen carriage were explored using logistic regression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sub-objective 3.B. Conduct field studies relating agricultural cultivation practices to soil biodiversity and die-off rates of manure-related pathogens. (usda.gov)
  • Some experiments will investigate only one or two nutrient or pathogen pathways, while others will be more comprehensive, including, for example, surface runoff, gaseous emission, and plant removal. (usda.gov)
  • A risk assessment framework for the evaluation of skin infections and the potential impact of antibacterial soap washing. (journals.cz)
  • Q fever (see the image below) is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate gram-negative intracellular bacterium. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on the roof maintenance, leaves, animal faecal matter (which may contain chemicals such as phosphorous, nitrogen and trace elements) [ 4 ] and other debris particles, may also wash into the rainwater storage tank after a rain event and negatively affect the microbial quality of the tank water [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The IWA HRWM Specialist Group addresses all aspects of human and public health where water plays the role of a vector or reservoir of pathogens. (lifescienceaustria.at)
  • Microbial water quality indicators are used in a variety of ways within public health risk assessment frameworks, including assessment of potential hazard, exposure assessment, contaminant source identification, and evaluating effectiveness of risk reduction actions. (nationalacademies.org)
  • To assess water quality and water security in rural and urban areas of southern Brazil, a quantitative, retrospective analysis of water samples collected monthly by the Brazilian health authorities (19,687 samples from 2013 to 2021) was performed. (iwaponline.com)
  • Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. (ub.edu)
  • Objective 3: Characterize soil biodiversity and manure pathogen dynamics and interactions. (usda.gov)
  • Sub-objective 3.A. Conduct laboratory microcosm experiments to manipulate soil biodiversity and measure die-off rates of dairy manure-borne pathogens. (usda.gov)
  • In this context, it is not just the risks themselves that are important, but also their communication in the media and how they are perceived. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dysbiosis in subgingival microbial communities, resulting from increased inflammatory transudate from the gingival tissues, is an important factor in initiation and development of periodontitis. (biomedcentral.com)