AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceGeographicals
Avian leukosis virusAvian LeukosisAlpharetrovirusChickensAvian Sarcoma VirusesBursa of FabriciusAvian ProteinsChick EmbryoPoultry DiseasesReceptors, VirusReticuloendotheliosis virusSarcoma, AvianQuailGenes, polCoturnixDNA, ViralGenes, envProvirusesGenes, gagAvian myeloblastosis virusVirus ReplicationMolecular Sequence DataHemangiomaDefective VirusesHerpesvirus 2, GallidRNA, ViralMarek DiseaseGenes, ViralLymphomaRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidEndogenous RetrovirusesCell LineRNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseViral InterferenceBase SequenceTenosynovitisCulture TechniquesEnzootic Bovine LeukosisRecombination, GeneticVirus IntegrationRetroviridaeOncogenesCytopathogenic Effect, ViralBirdsRetroviridae ProteinsCell Transformation, ViralAntigens, ViralViral Envelope ProteinsAmino Acid SequenceFibroblastsCell Transformation, NeoplasticGenetic VectorsNucleic Acid HybridizationSpecies SpecificityRNA VirusesViral ProteinsSequence Analysis, DNAHelper VirusesCells, CulturedVaccinia virusGenome, ViralVirus CultivationCloning, MolecularDNA PrimersSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidHistiocytic SarcomaPolymerase Chain ReactionChina
Lymphoid Leukosis VirusInfluenzaSubgroupSerotypesSpeciesChickensRetrovirusInfectiousPoultryContagiousRespiratoryEpidemiologicalVACCINESTumorsProteinsFlock1988InfectionsRetrovirusesDiseasesExogenousHerpesEscherichiaAntigensStrainsAntibodiesCapsid proteinSpecificPathogenicHepatitisMarek'sIsolationBirdsFreeDifferentialCircRNAsBacteriaAntibodyGeneParticlesTRANSMISSIONResearchDiseaseBodyDiameter
Lymphoid Leukosis Virus1
  • As an example, some strains of chickens are genetically resistant to the lymphoid leukosis virus. (kemin.com)
Influenza7
  • For example, absence of respiratory pathogens such as influenza is desirable when investigating a drug's effect on lung function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The flock is certified free of the following pathogens: Avian Adenovirus Group I, Avian Adenovirus Group II (HEV), Avian Adenovirus Group III (EDS), Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Reovirus, Fowl Pox, Infectious Bronchitis-Ark. (arsequine.com)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza is a notifiable disease. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • Can gene-editing offer a route towards permanent disease resistance from avian influenza which could be passed down through generations, protecting poultry and wild birds? (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • The drop in avian influenza cases this year has left people wondering, when and if we will see cases. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • Some of the UK's seabirds are developing immunity to avian influenza (AI) according to newly published research by FluMap and headed by the Animal and Plant Health Agency. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
Subgroup2
Serotypes1
  • Within the genus Mardivirus are three closely related species previously designated as three serotypes of Marek's disease virus. (folusn.online)
Species2
Chickens8
  • ALV-J was first isolated from meat-type chickens with myeloid leukosis in 1988. (cdc.gov)
  • The newly isolated ALV-J strain from layer chickens was used to examine the pathogenicity in 1-day-old White Leghorn specific pathogen-free chicks soon after hatching in separate incubators and rooms in the experimental animal house facilities at Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China. (cdc.gov)
  • Serological survey of avian metapneumovirus infection in chickens in Bangladesh. (veterinarskiglasnik.rs)
  • Chickens are the most important natural host for Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly cell-associated but readily transmitted alphaherpesvirus with lymphotropic properties of gammaherpesviruses. (folusn.online)
  • Turkeys are also commonly infected with turkey herpesvirus (HVT), an avirulent strain related to Marek's disease virus that is commonly used as a Marek's disease vaccine in chickens. (folusn.online)
  • Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 (MDV serotype 2) and Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 (turkey herpesvirus, MDV serotype 3) represent avirulent virus strains isolated from chickens and turkeys, respectively, and are commonly used as vaccines against Marek's disease. (folusn.online)
  • Infected chickens continue to be carriers for long periods and act as sources of infectious virus. (folusn.online)
  • Unlike virulent strains of Marek's disease virus, which are highly contagious, turkey herpesvirus is not readily transmissible among chickens (although it is easily transmitted among turkeys, its natural host). (folusn.online)
Retrovirus2
  • Background: The use of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) eggs in combination with RCAS retrovirus, a member of the Avian Sarcoma-Leukosis Virus (ASLV) family, is of standard practice to study gene function and development. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
Infectious7
  • eb virus antibody and infectious mononucleosis in a boarding school for boys. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • some of these boys had had no recorded illness during the period before the first positive sample and some developed classic infectious mononucleosis which was accompainied by a positive heterophil antibody test and detection of eb virus specific igm. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • For example, the antibody against Newcastle disease virus attaches only to the Newcastle virus, not to the infectious bronchitis virus. (kemin.com)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • Once the virus gets onto a fomite, it can remain infectious for a long time, ranging from a few hours to several days, depending on conditions such as temperature and humidity. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • Shedding of infectious virus can be reduced, but not prevented, by prior vaccination. (folusn.online)
Poultry1
  • AUSTRALIA - Rapid, accurate and reliable diagnostics for poultry pathogens are essential for producers to have access to in the case of an outbreak. (thepoultrysite.com)
Contagious1
Respiratory2
  • The outbreak of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 (Corona virus Disease-2019) respiratory disease, has prompted a search for approved drugs with antiviral properties that might be repurposed to treat covid-19, or shed light on biological mechanisms that might be targeted for antiviral purposes. (springeropen.com)
  • Blydt-Hansen T, Subbarao K, Quennec P, McDonald J. Recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction. (unt.edu)
Epidemiological1
  • Cattle are infected by a community of endemic pathogens with different epidemiological properties that invoke different managerial and governmental responses. (genemedi.com)
VACCINES1
Tumors1
  • attempts to demonstrate virus-specific sequences in human tumors. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Proteins2
  • McNally, MM, Wahlin, KJ & Canto-Soler, MV 2010, ' Endogenous expression of ASLV viral proteins in specific pathogen free chicken embryos: Relevance for the developmental biology research field ', BMC Developmental Biology , vol. 10, 106. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Structural perspectives of beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus proteins. (creative-biolabs.com)
Flock5
  • With a simple random sampling strategy, fifteen to thirty sera per flock were collected then analysed using a commercial indirect ELISA kit (CIVTEST AVI TRT®, HIPRA S.A., Amer, Spain) that was able to titre antibodies against aMPV subtypes A and B. Furthermore, questionnaires were shared with veterinarians in charge of flocks to collect data and analyse it with multivariable logistic regression models to identify risk factors associated with virus circulation. (veterinarskiglasnik.rs)
  • CryoMax™ Extenders include certification of production using eggs that are produced by a flock that is certified Specific Pathogen Free. (arsequine.com)
  • By effectively separating birds in an enclosure, the likelihood of them coming into contact with pathogen carrying animals or these animals accessing the flock can significantly be reduced. (poultryhub.org)
  • Every flock, except for those maintained under strict pathogen-free conditions, is presumed to be infected. (folusn.online)
  • Once the virus is introduced into a chicken flock, regardless of vaccination status, infection spreads quickly from bird to bird. (folusn.online)
19881
  • The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
Infections3
  • The animals can be born through a caesarian section then special care taken so the newborn does not acquire infections, such as use of sterile isolation units with a positive pressure differential to keep all outside air and pathogens from entering. (wikipedia.org)
  • Small studies in the 1990s suggested reduced rates of herpes virus infections with lithium (Amsterdam et al. (springeropen.com)
  • As novel regulatory molecules, circRNAs mediate the regulation of viral infections and the cellular immune response, which provide a new perspective for understanding virus-cell interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviruses1
  • Avian leukosis virus belongs to a family of viruses called retroviruses, single-stranded RNA enveloped viruses. (geneticpcr.com)
Diseases3
  • Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
  • A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Litter must be kept clean and dry at all times, wet or dirty litter can contribute to pathogen development which can result in such diseases as "breast blisters and footpad dermatitis" (deGraft Hanson, 2002). (poultryhub.org)
Exogenous1
  • SPF eggs are certified free of infection by specific pathogen viruses of either exogenous or endogenous origin, including those belonging to the ASLV family. (johnshopkins.edu)
Herpes2
  • electron microscopic examination revealed 17 nanometer (nm) diameter paramyxovirus-like nucleocapsids in brain sections and 90 nm diameter herpes virus-like enveloped particles in negatively stained brain tissue extracts. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Escherichia1
  • Avian pneumovirus infection in broiler chicks inoculated with Escherichia coli at different time intervals. (veterinarskiglasnik.rs)
Antigens2
  • sera from children were tested for antibodies to viral capsid antigens of epstein-barr virus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • No antigens are expressed, but virus can be recovered from such lymphocytes by cocultivation with susceptible cells in tissue cultures. (folusn.online)
Strains6
  • establishment of ebna-expressing cell lines by infection of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-genome-negative human lymphoma cells with different ebv strains. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • cells of two ebna (epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen)-negative human lymphoma cell lines, bjab and ramos, were infected with two strains of epstein-barr virus (ebv). (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (MDV serotype 1) represents all virulent Marek disease virus strains and is further divided into pathotypes, designated as mild (m), virulent (v), very virulent (vv), and very virulent plus (vv+). (folusn.online)
  • Productive infection may occur transiently in B lymphocytes within a few days after infection with virulent Marek disease virus strains and is characterized by antigen production, which leads to cell death. (folusn.online)
  • Some T cells, latently infected with oncogenic Marek disease virus strains, undergo neoplastic transformation. (folusn.online)
  • Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
Antibodies2
  • To certify SPF, the population is checked for presence of (antibodies against) the specified pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Avian leukosis virus have been divided into 10 envelope subgroups, A through J, based on host range, receptor interference patterns, and neutralization by antibodies. (geneticpcr.com)
Capsid protein1
  • ORF2 encodes the major immunogenic protein, the virus structural capsid protein (Cap protein). (creative-biolabs.com)
Specific3
  • Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) is a term used for laboratory animals that are guaranteed free of particular pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • The avian immune system consists of two types of immune mechanisms - nonspecific and specific. (kemin.com)
  • Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)
Pathogenic1
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
Hepatitis1
  • Genetic variability of hepatitis E virus within and between three epidemics in India. (unt.edu)
Marek's2
  • Marek's disease virus is a member of the genus Mardivirus within the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. (folusn.online)
  • Marek's disease virus is not vertically transmitted. (folusn.online)
Isolation1
  • All virus isolation was performed in DF-1 cells. (cdc.gov)
Birds3
  • In the context of avian flu, fomites play a crucial role in the spread of the virus, as birds often shed the virus onto various surfaces and objects. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • This allows the virus to persist and spread to other birds, either directly or indirectly through contact or by inhalation of contaminated dust or air. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • As we continue to face new challenges in the management of avian flu, it is essential that we remain vigilant and proactive in our efforts to control this disease and ensure that our birds stay and are both safe and healthy. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
Free2
  • En los siguientes ejemplos, podemos observar free cheats caracter no descriptivo y el significado ocasional contextual. (businessopad.com)
  • However, the failure to detect ALP activity does not guarantee that the product is pathogen free. (ringbio.com)
Differential1
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)
CircRNAs3
  • CircRNAs were first identified in RNA viruses in the 1970s [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Viruses can also use circRNAs to interfere with the host antiviral immune response and help to escape immune surveillance and antiviral immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are involved in the regulation of host cells after viral infection, there is a lot to unravel to understand the role that circRNAs play in virus-host interactions and viral pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria1
  • The mouth is a gateway through which viruses and bacteria can enter the rest of the body (AlJehani, 2014). (kzoo.edu)
Antibody1
  • the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) epstein-barr virus (ebv) fluorescent antibody (fa) titer was 1:64. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Gene1
  • The rep gene can be found on the virus sense strand, while the cap gene can be found on the complementary sense strand. (creative-biolabs.com)
Particles1
TRANSMISSION4
  • One key factor in the spread of avian flu is fomites, which are objects or surfaces that can carry the virus and contribute to its transmission. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • The concept of fomites, how they contribute to avian flu transmission, and how farmers can take steps to minimise their impact is something Livetec understands and continues to explore. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • Given the significant role fomites play in the transmission of avian flu, it is essential for farmers to take measures to reduce their impact. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • An investigation into the possibility of transmission of tick-borne pathogens via blood transfusion. (unt.edu)
Research1
  • The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Disease2
  • However, it is not clear whether they are involved in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection and host response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 113.212 - Bursal Disease Vaccine, Killed Virus. (customsmobile.com)
Body2
  • Pathogens are unable to penetrate the chicken's intact body coverings (skin and mucous membranes), becoming trapped in the body's mucus secretions. (kemin.com)
  • Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)
Diameter1
  • PCV is an icosahedral virus with a diameter of about 17 nm that is not enveloped. (creative-biolabs.com)