• As a significant human pathogenic bacterium S. pneumoniae was recognized as a major cause of pneumonia in the late 19th century, and is the subject of many humoral immunity studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of community acquired pneumonia and meningitis in children and the elderly, and of sepsis in those infected with HIV. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whether neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia induced asthma was associated with vitamin A levels remains unclear. (nature.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia on vitamin A expressions, to explore the effects of vitamin A supplement after neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia on adulthood asthma development. (nature.com)
  • Non-lethal S. pneumoniae pneumonia was established by intranasal inoculation of neonatal (1-week-old) female BALB/c mice with D39. (nature.com)
  • S. pneumoniae pneumonia mice were supplemented with or without all-trans retinoic acid 24 hours after infection. (nature.com)
  • We stated that serum vitamin A levels in neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia mice were lower than 0.7µmol/L from day 2-7 post infection, while pulmonary vitamin A productions were significantly lower than those in the control mice from day 7-28 post infection. (nature.com)
  • Vitamin A supplement after neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia significantly promoted Foxp3 + Treg and Th1 productions, decreased Th2 and Th17 cells expressions, alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cells infiltration during AAD. (nature.com)
  • Our data suggest that neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia induce serum vitamin A deficiency and long-time lung vitamin A reduction, vitamin A supplement after neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia inhibit the progression of asthma by altering CD4 + T cell subsets. (nature.com)
  • S. pneumoniae is the most common bacterial pathogen of community acquired pneumonia in childhood. (nature.com)
  • The prevention and treatment of asthma induced by S. pneumoniae pneumonia is crucial, while it remains indistinctly. (nature.com)
  • Whether neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia promoted adulthood allergic asthma was associated with vitamin A levels remains unclear. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we established a neonatal non-lethal S. pneumoniae pneumonia mice model and monitored vitamin A levels in lung, serum and liver until early adulthood. (nature.com)
  • We also explored the effects of vitamin A supplement after neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia on the development of adulthood allergic asthma. (nature.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, which kills more than 1 million people each year worldwide, often in developing countries and particularly among the elderly, in people whose immune systems are compromised, and children under age 5. (ou.edu)
  • Unlike the Streptococcus family member that causes strep throat, Streptococcus pneumoniae causes meningitis, pneumonia and common ear infections. (bio5.org)
  • 360° illustration of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a significant human pathogenic bacterium and the most common cause of pneumonia. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)
  • Streptococcal Infections Streptococci are gram-positive aerobic organisms that cause many disorders, including pharyngitis, pneumonia, wound and skin infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The term "typical" CAP refers to a bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens such as S pneumoniae , H influenzae , and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is known to cause primary atypical pneumonia. (microrao.com)
  • However, in susceptible individuals with weaker immune systems, such as the elderly and young children, the bacterium may become pathogenic and spread to other locations to cause disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) such as meningitis and bacteremia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage and density of S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae , M. catarrhalis , and S. aureus in young children in Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Les cocci à Gram positif, y compris les staphylocoques à coagulase négative, Staphylo- coccus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae et autres cocci à Gram positif représentaient 42,3 % des isolats. (who.int)
  • New measures being investigated involve reducing oropharyngeal and gastric colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Our work focuses on the interactions between (A) factors used by pathogenic organisms to establish colonization and cause disease, (B) the role of the resident microbiota in modulating pathogen behavior, and (C) host factors and inflammatory responses associated with colonization and infection. (lu.se)
  • They went on to suggest that Arctium lappa has potential use in antibiofilm strategies against persistent K. pneumoniae infections, with added effects against E. coli and Candida yeast as a big bonus. (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
  • A small percentage of infections are caused by atypical pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae 3 . (infectweb.com)
  • Our previous study showed that neonatal Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae ) infection promoted asthma development. (nature.com)
  • Currently approved vaccines are carbohydrate-based, meaning they prompt the immune system to recognize part of the sugar coating found on Streptococcus pneumoniae , thereby protecting against infection. (ou.edu)
  • 5y) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms were associated with S. pneumoniae carriage, with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 2.17 (95% CI 1.13, 4.12) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.15, 4.50), respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infective endocarditis (IE) is caused by infection or inflammation Inflammation Inflammation is a complex set of responses to infection and injury involving leukocytes as the principal cellular mediators in the body's defense against pathogenic organisms. (lecturio.com)
  • citation needed] Streptococcus pneumoniae resides asymptomatically in healthy carriers typically colonizing the respiratory tract, sinuses, and nasal cavity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Current studies are researching the positive efficacy of pine essential oils against such daunting respiratory illnesses as Streptococcus pneumoniae. (prolitec.com)
  • For most of the 20th century, M catarrhalis was considered a saprophyte of the upper respiratory tract that was associated with no significant pathogenic consequences. (medscape.com)
  • Found in several pathogenic species of Streptococcus such as S.sanguis and S.pneumoniae. (expasy.org)
  • but the true picture of the range of pathogenic activities of this species became clear in the period 1930-1960. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These twelve genomes were subjected to detailed comparative and predictive analyses aimed at characterizing the supragenome and understanding the metabolic and pathogenic potential of this species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis). (lookformedical.com)
  • Carriage of these species is generally asymptomatic, but particularly for S. pneumoniae , carriage is considered a prerequisite for disease as well as the source of transmission [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These dynamics may apply to other potentially pathogenic, microbial commensals and highlight how population structure, which is often omitted from models, can have a large impact. (nih.gov)
  • BEI Resources was established by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to provide tools and information for studying Category A, B, and C priority pathogens, emerging infectious disease agents, non-pathogenic microbes (germs), and other microbiological materials of relevance (e.g., reagents) to the research community. (cdc.gov)
  • Our data indicate that microglia possess the capacity for a very agile response towards bacterial pathogens, but key pathogenic factors, such as pneumococcal capsules and pneumolysin, inhibited this response shortly after a bacterial challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 8) What is the most sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests for Chlamydia pneumoniae ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • While antibiotic therapy has improved the outcome substantially, lethality, especially by some more pathogenic strains (e.g., the endemic ST217 virulent clone in the African meningitis belt), still remains very high, exceeding 60% in some parts of the world [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1928, F. Griffith was working with two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. (easynotecards.com)
  • Like other common commensals, Streptococcus pneumoniae has demonstrated persistent coexistence of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains. (nih.gov)
  • We modelled the dynamics of competing strains of S. pneumoniae to investigate the impact of transmission dynamics and treatment-induced selective pressures on the probability of stable coexistence. (nih.gov)
  • 9) Human is the only reservoir of Chlamydophila pneumoniae , the pathogen that is most prevalent in which age group of people? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • 11) All of the statements given below are correct about pathogenic Chlamydophila pneumoniae , EXCEPT ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • The serotype of the isolated S. pneumoniae was 23A, which is not included in PCV-13. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This vaccine, based on the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 polysaccharide, gave a response superior to that from a clinically used vaccine (Prevnar). (rsc.org)
  • Quantification of pathogenic Leptospira in the soils of a Brazilian urban slum. (cdc.gov)
  • Culture for Isolation of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. (gov.ph)
  • The most common bacterial pathogen overall is S pneumoniae , although, in some settings, including in the United States, its incidence is decreasing, possibly owing to vaccination. (medscape.com)
  • The cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin and the bacterial capsule are key pathogenic factors, known to exacerbate the course of pneumococcal meningitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae can be differentiated from the viridans streptococci, some of which are also alpha-hemolytic, using an optochin test, as S. pneumoniae is optochin-sensitive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bile solubility, inulin fermentation, optochin susceptibility, quellung reaction and mouse intraperitoneal inoculation may be done to differentiate pneumococci from viridans streptococci. (microrao.com)
  • Tweten's vaccine, in contrast, uses a genetically modified, inactive version of a Streptococcus pneumoniae toxin called pneumolysin, against which the immune system makes antibodies. (ou.edu)
  • In preclinical studies, Tweten's vaccine appeared to protect against nearly all Streptococcus pneumoniae variants. (ou.edu)
  • Unlike the current vaccines, which prompt the immune system to respond to specific variants, we believe our vaccine will protect against the majority of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes. (ou.edu)
  • Pneumococci are positive for " data-footer="Positive bile solubility test"> bile solubility , " data-footer="Positive inulin fermentation"> inulin fermentation , quellung reaction, are " data-footer="Optochin susceptible"> susceptible to optochin and are pathogenic to mouse. (microrao.com)
  • S. pneumoniae carriage prevalence varies from 19 to 86% depending on factors such as age, geographic location, and HIV status [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to the prevalence of oligo- and polysaccharides on the surfaces of pathogenic organisms, carbohydrates are primary targets for recognition by antibodies generated by the immune systems of higher organisms. (rsc.org)
  • summarized evidence that induction of competence in S. pneumoniae is associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress and increased expression of the RecA protein, a key component of the recombinational repair machinery for removing DNA damages. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4. Describe the hemolysis produced by alpha-hemolytic, beta-hemolytic, and nonhemolytic streptococci. (academicwritersden.com)
  • In S. pneumoniae, at least 23 genes are required for transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transformation protects S. pneumoniae against the bactericidal effect of mitomycin C. Michod et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5. What type of hemolysis is displayed by the groupable streptococci that are most pathogenic for human beings? (academicwritersden.com)