Pathogen virulence and resistance. Medical search. Frequent questions

They have identified virulence factors for the Anaplasmataceae family of bacteria that includes human pathogens. (cirad.fr)

Because CIDTs do not provide isolates, we can't perform tests that determine a pathogen's DNA fingerprint, strain or subtype, antimicrobial resistance pattern, or other attributes - meaning healthcare professionals can't tailor patient therapy and we can't make informed public health decisions. (cdc.gov)
Whole-genome sequencing allows for finer subtyping of pathogens and reveals evolutionary relationships between bacterial isolates, allowing for more rapid outbreak detection and a better understanding of transmission and links between cases. (cdc.gov)
Carbapenemases are a class of enzymes that can confer resistance to carbapenems and other Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs, but not all carbapenemase-producing isolates are carbapenem-resistant. (cdc.gov)
Virulence and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) profiles of 44 isolates of Fusarium virguliforme were compared. (usda.gov)
Isolates differed significantly in virulence. (usda.gov)
Umar, U. , Anagor, S. , Aliyu, A. and Suleiman, A. (2016) Hypermucoviscosity in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Correlates with High Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index. (scirp.org)
report the profile and drug resistance patterns of blood culture isolates from a tertiary nephrourology institute of India. (hindawi.com)
Anti- and mortality among children in developing microbial resistance among clinical isolates countries [1]. (who.int)
2]. The pathogenicity of E. coli isolates is a pathogens. (who.int)
Therefore, in our study, E. coli complex, multi-factorial mechanism involv- isolates from diarrhoeal cases were ana- ing a large number of virulence factors that lysed using specific DNA probes for genes vary with pathotype. (who.int)
An example of the The antibiotic susceptibility test showed results of the dot blot test with the EAST-1 that 140 (70.0%) isolates carried resistance probe is shown in Figure 1. (who.int)
We observed that M. avium isolates from different sources-human pulmonary infections, human disseminated infections, animals, and natural environments-are readily distinguished by their core and accessory genomes, by their patterns of horizontal gene transfer, and by numerous specific genes, including virulence factors. (cdc.gov)
We found that different MAC species and M. avium isolates from different sources encode distinct suites of clinically relevant genes, including those for virulence and antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
We sequenced the whole genomes of 116 S. aureus isolates collected in 2013-2014 within the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program. (who.int)
The multilocus sequence type, spa type, SCCmec type, presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and virulence genes and relatedness between the isolates were all derived from the sequence data. (who.int)

Additionally, genes conferring virulence and antibiotic resistance were identified amongst the plasmids. (frontiersin.org)

Bacteria database (VFDB) and Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI). (cdc.gov)
VFDB, Virulence Factors of Pathogenic Bacteria database. (cdc.gov)
Culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) have changed the way that laboratory tests identify pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. (cdc.gov)
Two scientists from CIRAD have identified virulence proteins for a whole family of bacteria. (cirad.fr)
Whether these phenotype and resistances that had no fitness cost to the bacterium could significantly affect the virulence of the bacteria in vivo remains to be investigated. (scirp.org)
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram negative bacteria and an opportunistic pathogen. (scirp.org)
Zoonotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes could be transferred not only to people with occupational livestock exposure but also other persons in the community through direct contact with animals, via the food chain or by environment [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, the effectiveness and easy access to antibiotics have also led to their overuse [8] and some bacteria have evolved resistance to them. (wikipedia.org)
Environmental bacteria, frequently antibiotic resistant, constitute a large percentage of those pathogens. (csic.es)
When bacteria develop resistance to common antibiotics and treatment fails, harmless infections become life threatening. (lu.se)
Sepsis can originate from infections caused by a wide array of pathogens: bacteria, virus, parasites or fungi. (lu.se)

The work is of interest to colleagues in synthetic biology, protein engineering and plant-pathogen interactions. (elifesciences.org)

as opportunistic pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Over the last three decades, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been recognised as opportunistic pathogens, especially in immunocompromised patients. (muni.cz)
Several infections at hospitals are due to opportunistic pathogens, microorganisms that rarely infect healthy people, but are a frequent cause of infection in people with basal diseases, who are immunodepressed or debilitated. (csic.es)
We study the biology of opportunistic pathogens, focusing on the networks and the evolutionary processes that connect resistance and virulence. (csic.es)

Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. (nature.com)
The virulence proteins were identified using the S4TE software package, also developed by CIRAD. (cirad.fr)
Engineering NLR proteins to improve disease resistance in crop plants is a major goal of the field. (elifesciences.org)
The authors nicely demonstrate that it is indeed possible to engineer resistance proteins with broad recognition specificity for the rice blast fungus. (elifesciences.org)
These receptors detect effector proteins which are delivered into host cells by invading pathogens and pests to promote virulence. (elifesciences.org)
Many of the characterized resistance (R) genes used to confer disease resistance in crop breeding programs encode NLR proteins ( Kourelis and van der Hoorn, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
We also found Phytophthora virulence proteins, called effectors, that suppress host sRNAs as a counter-defence mechanism. (cam.ac.uk)
Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. (kegg.jp)
Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. (kegg.jp)

This project seeks to understand how bacterial pathogens from polymicrobial infections interact with each other and how these interactions shape infection progress and outcome. (findaphd.com)
I am particularly interested in how microbe-microbe interactions within the microbiome may alter pathogen virulence and antimicrobial resistance, subsequently influencing CF disease progression. (tcd.ie)
My research is on the evolution and ecology of host-pathogen interactions, especially population genetics of invertebrate hosts of Chagas' disease and whirling disease. (uvm.edu)
A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie host-pathogen interactions is essential for developing durable disease resistance. (cam.ac.uk)
We show sequences that spawn these antimicrobial sRNAs exhibiting a high level of diversification, consistent with their engagement in antagonistic interactions with pathogens. (cam.ac.uk)
Among the elements that drive the evolution of antibiotic resistance from stochasticity to determinism, we are particularly interested in the epistatic interactions between elements involved in antibiotic resistance and virulence of bacterial pathogens. (csic.es)
The Broad Institute's Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases (GCID), established in 2014 with funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), uses innovative genomic technologies to better understand the basic biology of pathogens, vectors, and their interactions with hosts. (broadinstitute.org)
In all of these areas, researchers study the genomic basis of pathogen traits, host-pathogen interactions, and pathogen evolution and spread. (broadinstitute.org)
To understand interactions among vertebrate hosts, pathogens, and arthropod vectors using genomic and transcriptomic approaches. (broadinstitute.org)

Since the immunity conferred by a vaccine may be different from that induced by infection by the pathogen, the immune evasion may also be easier (in case of an inefficient vaccine) or more difficult (would be the case of the universal flu vaccine). (wikipedia.org)
If vaccine resistance emerges the vaccine may retain some level of protection against serious infection, possibly by modifying the immune response of the host away from immunopathology. (wikipedia.org)
The overall questions driving my research center on understanding the ecological and genetic factors contributing to variation in infection and virulence. (uvm.edu)
In this review, we have summarized new molecular insights concerning the pivotal steps of H. pylori infection focusing on colonization, survival and antibiotic resistance, with the aim of translating this knowledge to the clinical setting for the development of new therapeutic strategies. (minervamedica.it)
The acquisition of vancomycin resistance by enterococci has seriously affected the treatment and infection control of these organisms. (medscape.com)
Distinct pathogens use a diverse arsenal of molecular weapons to establish infection, designated virulence factors. (lu.se)

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen related to a variety of life-threatening infections but for which antimicrobial resistance is liming the treatment options. (nature.com)
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human opportunistic pathogen involved in a wide range of human infections. (nature.com)
However, it can present as an opportunistic pathogen via bacterial seeding to cause invasive infections such as implant-associated infections. (uzh.ch)
Clostridium difficile is a leading pathogen in healthcare-associated diarrheal infections. (findaphd.com)
A British study on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) estimated that 700,000 persons are dying each year worldwide due to antibiotic-resistant infections [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and increase in treatment-refractory AMR infections, generates an urgent need to accelerate the discovery and development of novel anti-infectives. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, there is a need for the accelerated development of new agents to treat and prevent infections caused by AMR pathogens ( WHO, 2021 ). (frontiersin.org)
The "Collaboration for prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infections" (COMBINE) project is part of the European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Accelerator. (frontiersin.org)
Knowledge of the pattern of antibiotic resistance prevalent in severe infections could also motivate and direct new drug discovery. (hindawi.com)
and previously unknown infections may appear in humans living or working in changing ecologic conditions that increase their exposure to insect vectors, animal reservoirs, or environmental sources of novel pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Reemergence may occur because of the development of antimicrobial resistance in existing infections (e.g., gonorrhea, malaria, pneumococcal disease) or breakdowns in public health measures for previously controlled infections (e.g., cholera, tuberculosis [TB], pertussis). (cdc.gov)
Nous avons analysé les infections des plaies après un acte chirurgical chez 1200 patients blessés pendant le conflit libyen en 2011 et admis au service des urgences du centre médical de Tripoli. (who.int)
Les bacilles à Gram-négatif multirésistants représentaient un facteur de complication important pour les infections de plaies associées à des blessures de guerre chez des patients blessés en Libye. (who.int)
The prognosis is good for most infections in the immunocompetent host, but in patients who are immunocompromised, antifungal resistance is commonplace. (medscape.com)
We showed independent acquisition of resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in various locations and genetic clones but mostly in paediatric patients with invasive infections. (who.int)

By improving understanding of bacterial virulence factors, the scientists can identify the weak points of the cells attacked. (cirad.fr)

Vaccine resistance may be considered a special case of immune evasion, from the immunity conferred by the vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
Exploring the relationship between pattern-triggered immunity and quantitative resistance to Xanthomonas vasicola pv. (usda.gov)
My lab has made important contributions on recognition of pathogens by plants, and suppression of host immunity by pathogens. (edu.au)
This paper defines a new recognition pathway in plant anti-bacterial immunity, and shows a novel mechanism for how it is targeted and suppressed by a pathogen virulence effector. (edu.au)
The dynamic interplay between virulence factors of a pathogen and the innate immunity of a host determines whether disease will occur. (cam.ac.uk)
Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. (kegg.jp)
The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). (kegg.jp)
To define the functional basis of virulence, immunity, antimicrobial resistance, and the functional consequences of metagenomic diversity. (broadinstitute.org)
Secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAPs) are hydrolytic enzymes secreted by Candida that contribute to virulence by degrading host cell mebranes and molecular mediators of host immunity. (medscape.com)

Hence, the spread of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties caused by plasmids is possible, leading to a threat in public health. (frontiersin.org)
We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. (nature.com)
P. acnes causes disease through a number of virulence factors, such as biofilm formation. (uzh.ch)
these virulence factors are broadly grouped as fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins, siderophores, somatic ("O") antigens and capsular ("K") antigens. (scirp.org)
CoNS serve as a reservoir of accessory genes, including virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors for the genus Staphylococcus. (muni.cz)
It may also represent a primordial element able to accumulate virulence and drug resistance factors, whose spread into established pathogens such as S. aureus would be a threat to the healthcare system. (muni.cz)
The pathogenicity of S. aureus is related to the expression of a large number of virulence factors that promote adhesion and evasion of the host immunologic responses [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
We found that different MAC species encode distinct suites of biomedically relevant genes, including antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors, which may influence their distinct clinical manifestations. (cdc.gov)
[ 3 ] Virulence and pathogenicity factors have been described using molecular techniques. (medscape.com)
Several genes isolated from resistant enterococci ( agg, gelE, ace, cylLLS, esp, cpd, fsrB ) encode virulence factors such as the production of gelatinase and hemolysin, adherence to caco-2 and hep-2 cells, and capacity for biofilm formation. (medscape.com)
Bacterial cell wall components and toxins, for example, are well-known virulence factors for sepsis that directly contribute to the profound dysregulation of the immune response. (lu.se)
Enhanced understanding of pathogen derived virulence attributes can facilitate development of novel anti-infectives aimed at distinct virulence factors. (lu.se)

In this regard, antivirulence therapies present a number of advantages since it could (i) produce a mild evolutionary pressure for development of resistance, (ii) provide an increased repertoire of pharmacological targets and (iii) generate agents with new mechanisms of action. (nature.com)
Infected plants produce phytoalexins, i.e., flavonoids, isoprenoids and alkaloids as biochemical defense mechanisms against pathogens. (actahort.org)
A successful pathogen develops resistance mechanisms to combat the effect of these toxic compounds. (actahort.org)
Although plants have evolved a myriad of immune mechanisms, successful pathogens overcome the defence system and cause disease. (cam.ac.uk)
Our work focuses on understanding the mechanisms of virulence and resistance, as well as possible crosstalk, of these pathogens. (csic.es)
Using these approaches, we characterised mechanisms of resistance to last-generation antibiotics and combination of them. (csic.es)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)

Naturally occurring mycoviruses, which have been shown to reduce the virulence of other fungal pathogen, are potential biological control agents for SDS. (usda.gov)
Due to limitation of genetic diversity of breeding parent, hybrid rice is extremely vulnerable to rice blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. (intechopen.com)

Central to this research is the fight against bacterial resistance to antibiotics. (cirad.fr)
P. acnes is highly susceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, quinolones, clindamycin, and rifampin, although resistance to clindamycin is increasing. (uzh.ch)
The data suggest that the mucoid phenotype could be associated with extrachromsomal element(s) carrying resistance genes to antibiotics and that these extrachromosomal elements may not harbour resistance determinants to chloramphenicol. (scirp.org)
Their approach focuses on small molecules that inhibit the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. (defenseindustrydaily.com)
Notably, acquisition of resistance is linked to changes in the susceptibility of other antibiotics besides those used for selection. (csic.es)
In this regard, we have determined the networks of cross-resistance and collateral susceptibility associated to the acquisition of resistance to different antibiotics. (csic.es)
Besides mutation-driven resistance, we are studying compounds or conditions that can lead to transient resistance, as well as those that can increase the susceptibility to antibiotics and could hence be used as co-adjuvants in therapy. (csic.es)
Radiative evolution of antibiotic resistance in presence of antibiotics. (csic.es)
86). A high level of resistance to the antibiotics tested was found, especially among Acinetobacter spp. (who.int)
Enterococci have both an intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibiotics, making them important nosocomial pathogens. (medscape.com)
In the Philippines, MRSA rates have remained above 50% since 2010, but resistance to other antibiotics, including vancomycin, is low. (who.int)
The concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was 99.68% overall for eight antibiotics in seven classes. (who.int)

Advance the use of genomics and metagenomics for detecting fungal pathogens and antifungal drug resistance. (cdc.gov)
Public health surveillance programmes routinely collect vast amounts of pathogen genomics data each year. (findaphd.com)
Rapid advances in pathogen genomics have ushered in a new era of "precision public health. (cdc.gov)
In a recent paper in the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr Greg Armstrong, director of the CDC's Office of Advanced Molecular Detection and coauthors describe how public health agencies have adopted pathogen genomics to improve their effectiveness in almost all domains of infectious disease. (cdc.gov)
The following are some examples from the article to highlight the value of pathogen genomics in public health. (cdc.gov)
In both academia and public health, pathogen genomics is ushering in a new era in data openness. (cdc.gov)

We were surprised to find that the microbes that we collected of surfaces that people touch-and sometimes sneeze on-had low numbers of worrisome pathogens or antibiotic resistance genes. (harvard.edu)

Understanding how these dsRNA mycoviruses reduce the virulence of F. virguliforme may aid in developing biocontrol methods for sudden death syndrome of soybean. (usda.gov)
Achaogen in San Francisco, CA is working on "preclinical development of novel therapeutics that reduce the virulence of, and inhibit resistance in, Class A Bacterial Pathogens. (defenseindustrydaily.com)
Achaogen in San Francisco, CA won a $24.6 million cost-reimbursement contract for preclinical development of novel broad-spectrum small-molecule therapeutics that reduce the virulence of, and inhibit resistance in, Class A Bacterial Pathogens. (defenseindustrydaily.com)

This information can be used by the produce industry to conduct on-farm environmental investigations of foodborne pathogen contamination in the growing environment. (cdc.gov)
However, collecting and analyzing environmental data and data about on- and off-farm practices can provide invaluable insights into potential foodborne pathogen (i.e., disease-causing microorganism) contamination risks and prevention strategies. (cdc.gov)

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen of medical importance and the capsule and mucoid phenotype in this organism are considered as requisite virulence determinants. (scirp.org)
These techniques led to the discovery of new virulence determinants in different pathogens in turn providing new potential therapeutic targets. (minervamedica.it)

Why does drug resistance readily evolve but vaccine resistance does not? (wikipedia.org)
A polyphasic taxonomic approach based on whole genomic sequencing with expert annotation, extensive biotyping, DNA fingerprinting by rep-PCR, MALDI-TOF MS, and chemotaxonomy analyses was applied to establish their phylogenetic position and characterize virulence and drug-resistance genes. (muni.cz)
Bacteriological profile and drug resistance patterns tend to be peculiar to an institute that is dealing with a special category of patients. (hindawi.com)
For example, the true magnitude of the antimicrobial drug resistance crisis is unknown because of the absence of systematic monitoring. (cdc.gov)
The report also includes a summary on the status of drug resistance for TB, HIV and malaria. (who.int)

This study aimed to assess the nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus in poultry and to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes. (hindawi.com)
The trends of antibiotic resistance and the toxinogenic S. aureus carried by the poultry intended for consumption in Tangier present a huge concern. (hindawi.com)
The MRSA burden can be partially attributed to pathogen-specific characteristics of the circulating clones, but little was known about the S. aureus clones circulating in the Philippines. (who.int)
Important bacterial pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. (lu.se)

tritici virulence to wheat resistance gene Pm1a. (usda.gov)
CIDTs work by detecting the presence of a gene or antigen associated with a specific pathogen. (cdc.gov)
After 10 years of research and administrative processes, the research team from CIRAD, based in Guadeloupe, has also obtained an international patent for the discovery of a virulence attenuator gene in Ehrlichia ruminantium, the bacterium that causes heartwater. (cirad.fr)
The objectives of this research were to map SBR resistance in plant introduction (PI) 561356 and to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes within the region on soybean chromosome 18 where the SBR resistance gene Rpp1 maps. (unl.edu)
The segregation ratio of reddish brown versus tan lesion type in the population supported that resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. (unl.edu)
A haplotype analysis of diverse germplasm across a 213-kb interval that included Rpp1 revealed 21 distinct haplotypes of which 4 were present among 5 SBR resistance sources that have a resistance gene in the Rpp1 region. (unl.edu)
Here we sought to characterize conjugal horizontal gene transfer of plasmid-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance genes from two strains of Enterobacteriaceae, one clinical and one from a municipal wastewater treatment plant environment. (karger.com)
Escherichia coli strain LR09, containing a plasmid with the aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr fluoroquinolone resistance gene, did not conjugate with any of the 15 strains tested, while Enterobacter aerogenes strain YS11 conjugated with two strains of E. coli . (karger.com)
Hata M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Sato K, Ibe S, Sakae K: Cloning of a novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. (karger.com)
We identified a specific family of plant sRNAs that, instead of regulating endogenous gene expression, guide target gene silencing in the invading eukaryotic filamentous pathogen Phytophthora. (cam.ac.uk)

They have been long recognized as important human pathogens and are becoming increasingly so. (medscape.com)

Microbial natural products have diverse chemical structures and bioactivities, which range from cell-cell signalling, nutrient acquisition, antifungal and antibacterial activity to stress resistance (1). (findaphd.com)

Finally, we transferred the disaggregated PtoDC3000 effector arsenal into Pseudomonas fluorescens and show that their cooperative action was sufficient to convert this rhizosphere-inhabiting beneficial bacterium into a phyllosphere pathogen. (nature.com)
Commensal Pseudomonas strains facilitate protective response against pathogens in the host plant. (nature.com)
This photograph shows the different changes in pigmentation and antibiotic resistance level (measured with E-Test strips), of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, after only 21 days of ALE in the presence of different concentrations of tobramycin. (csic.es)

Although virulence is typically attributed to single pathogenic strains, here we investigated whether effectors secreted by a population of non-virulent strains could function as public goods to enable the emergence of collective virulence. (nature.com)

Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the biology and diseases of fungal pathogens. (cshlpress.com)
Ubiquitous sequencing will allow for the near real-time characterization of pathogen biology, including determinations of virulence, transmissibility, sensitivity or resistance to medicines or vaccines. (slideshare.net)
These environments have drastically lower virulence profiles, in fact, than are observed in a typical human gut," said senior author Curtis Huttenhower , associate professor of computational biology and bioinformatics. (harvard.edu)

My studies includes a rich assortment of topics, including host-pathogen population dynamics, vector feeding and host specificity, the evolution of virulence, and the costs of resistance and defense. (uvm.edu)

Almost all nutrients in the diet play a crucial role in maintaining an "optimal" immune response, such that deficient and excessive intakes can have negative consequences on immune status and susceptibility to a variety of pathogens. (vaclib.org)

Molecular mapping of soybean rust resistance in soybean accession PI " by Ki-Seung Kim, Jair R. Unfried et al. (unl.edu)
We have a long-standing interest in the molecular basis of host-pathogen co-evolution. (cam.ac.uk)
Rosso C, Fagoonee S, Altruda F, Pellicano R. Update on colonization, survival and antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori at the molecular level. (minervamedica.it)

We are exploring the resistome, or collective pool of resistance genes, in the CF airway microbiome and how this correlates to current AMR testing methods. (tcd.ie)

Each coisogenic strain was individually unfit, but the metaclone was collectively as virulent as the wild-type strain on Arabidopsis thaliana , suggesting that effectors can drive the emergence of cooperation-based virulence through their public action. (nature.com)
Fig. 1: Metaclones of P. syringae facilitate the emergence of population virulence. (nature.com)
Although the emergence of a number of vaccine resistant pathogens has been well documented, this phenomenon is nevertheless much more rare and less of a concern than antimicrobial resistance. (wikipedia.org)
The main objectives of the interdisciplinary Department of Global Health are to study infectious diseases and tackle the emergence of new pathogens. (pasteur.fr)
With emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and lack of new antimicrobials, we face an unprecedented global environmental, food security and human health threat. (tcd.ie)
Boston, MA - The trillions of microbes that transfer from people to surfaces could provide an early warning system for the emergence of public health threats such as a flu outbreak or a rise in antibiotic resistance, according to a study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (harvard.edu)

Fig. 4: Effectors are sufficient for converting a beneficial strain into a pathogen. (nature.com)

The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index shows the themucoid strains with a high MAR index range of 0.7 - 1.0 with a median MAR index of 0.8, while the non-mucoid strains had a MAR index of 0.2 - 0.8 with a median MAR index of 0.35. (scirp.org)
Furthermore, the extrachromosomal elements bearing the mucoid phenotype and the resistance elements in the mucoid strains do not significantly impact on the fitness of the cognate strain. (scirp.org)
More than half of the strains (54%) were resistant to penicillin, 29.4% to tetracycline, 23.5% to erythromycin, and 17% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. (hindawi.com)
strains (LABs), Lactobacillus plantarum (LB95) and Lactobacillus paraplantarum (LB13), previously isolated from spontaneously fermenting olive brines, and two reference probiotic strains, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, were investigated for their ability to attenuate the virulence of the aforementioned pathogens using animal cell culture assays. (microbiologyresearch.org)

To explore the genomic epidemiology of pathogens and vectors at individual and population scales. (broadinstitute.org)

Other applications for next-generation sequencing in public health include insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors of disease, monitoring streptococcal pathogens, and investigating potential clusters of meningitis. (cdc.gov)

Virulence assays on apple plants showed that the virulence is impaired by mutation of acrAB or tolC . (actahort.org)
In the last years, we have standardised some tools, based on experimental evolution, whole-genome sequencing and functional assays, for predicting the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the consequences of acquiring such resistance for bacterial physiology. (csic.es)

Recently, several antifungal agents and new therapeutic strategies have come into use, allowing the fungus to acquire a resistance to the drugs. (usp.br)

The looming challenge of feeding the rapidly growing population is threatened by crop losses from plant diseases with an average of 10-15% of the yield being lost to pathogens and pests each year. (cam.ac.uk)

These results demonstrate that effector target-guided engineering of NLR receptors can provide new-to-nature disease resistance in crops. (elifesciences.org)
This study applies knowledge from structural and evolutionary studies of the rice NLR protein Pik-1 and cognate effector protein AVR-Pik to engineering of new disease resistance genes. (elifesciences.org)
This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance. (kegg.jp)

Vaccine resistance is the evolutionary adaptation of pathogens to infect and spread through vaccinated individuals, analogous to antimicrobial resistance. (wikipedia.org)

Unlike antibacterials that aim to inhibit cell growth, antivirulence therapies are based on the inhibition of bacterial virulence. (nature.com)
They use already-formed folic acid, which allows them to bypass the inhibition of folate synthesis, resulting in resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (medscape.com)

The ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of human fungal pathogens are also explored. (cshlpress.com)

Subsequently, I ran a research group studying tomato and Arabidopsis pathogens at the The Sainsbury Laboratory , Norwich , UK. (edu.au)

However, CIDTs do not provide an isolate of the pathogen. (cdc.gov)
One-hundred F 2:3 lines derived from a cross between PI 561356 and the susceptible experimental line LD02-4485 were genotyped with genetic markers and phenotyped for resistance to P. pachyrhizi isolate ZM01-1. (unl.edu)
C. LeBouguenec (Pasteur Institute, Paris, tential of a isolate is antibiotic resistance. (who.int)

IMPORTANCE Members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), a group of mycobacteria encompassing M. avium and its closest relatives, are omnipresent in natural environments and emerging pathogens of humans and animals. (cdc.gov)

In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. (kegg.jp)
Characteristics of the pathogen, but also the immune status of the infected individual contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. (lu.se)

One important element in our studies is determining the elements that modulate the robustness and predictability of evolutionary trajectories towards antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens. (csic.es)

Depending on the genes it carries, it could act as a fitness factor to the host, or serve as a virulence factor by transforming the host into a pathogen. (frontiersin.org)
New therapies, directed toward the host rather than the pathogen, are currently being studied. (cirad.fr)
Recent data, however, indicate that, at least for an RNA virus, host nutriture can influence the genetic make-up of the pathogen and thereby alter its virulence. (vaclib.org)
Analysis of H. pylori genome has revealed a coevolution between the pathogen itself and the host, and any perturbation of this equilibrium disrupts the hostpathogen interaction promoting the oncogenic effects. (minervamedica.it)

Acquisition of resistance genes has proven to be difficult to characterize and is largely uncontrollable in the environment. (karger.com)
In this chapter, we will present strategies to identify, characterize, and stack effective blast resistance genes in hybrid rice breeding in China. (intechopen.com)

Collectively, our results provide key genomic context for these emerging pathogens and will facilitate future exploration of MAC ecology, evolution, and pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)

Next-generation sequencing is applicable across the spectrum of important pathogens in public health. (cdc.gov)
resistance levels are control for colony dot blot hybridization usually high for broad-spectrum penicillin tests. (who.int)
As society, technology, and the environment change, pathogens evolve or spread, and the spectrum of infectious diseases expands. (cdc.gov)

WGS data is also used to identify pathogen characteristics, such as serotype, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)
Whole-genome sequencing can also predict phenotypic characteristics, such as virulence, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human-specific gastric pathogen which is responsible for various diseases. (minervamedica.it)

Anatomy13

Organisms65

Diseases27

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes85

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care2

Identified virulence factors1

Isolates15

Genes conferrin1

Bacteria11

Plant pathogen1

Opportunistic pathogens4

Proteins9

Interactions9

Infection6

Infections15

Bacterial virulence factors1

Immunity9

Factors12

Mechanisms7

Fungal pathogen2

Antibiotics12

Genomics6

Antibiotic resistance genes1

Reduce the virulence3

Foodborne pathogen2

Determinants2

Drug resistance5

Aureus4

Gene10

Human pathogens1

Microbial1

Pseudomonas3

Pathogenic1

Biology3

Defense1

Susceptibility1

Molecular3

Microbiome1

Emergence6

Effectors1

Strains4

Genomic epidemiology1

Vectors1

Assays2

Antifungal1

Pests1

Disease Resistance3

Infect1

Inhibition2

Epidemiology1

Laboratory1

Isolate3

Humans1

Immune2

Evolutionary1

Host4

Characterize2

Facilitate1

Spectrum3

Characteristics2

Helicobacter1