AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Agglutination TestsAgglutinationLatex Fixation TestsAgglutininsHemagglutinationHemagglutination TestsSperm AgglutinationImmunization, PassiveLeptospirosisLeptospiraAntibodies, BacterialBrucellosisAntigens, BacterialCounterimmunoelectrophoresisSerotypingEvaluation Studies as TopicReagent Kits, DiagnosticImmune SeraLectinsSensitivity and SpecificityComplement Fixation TestsSerologic TestsHemagglutination, ViralConcanavalin ABrucellaEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayPassive Cutaneous AnaphylaxisImmunoglobulin MFalse Positive ReactionsCross ReactionsAntigens, FungalWeil DiseaseImmunoglobulin GImmunodiffusionBrucellosis, BovineSerologyMotion Therapy, Continuous PassiveAntibodies, ProtozoanCoagulaseCoombs TestErythrocytesHemagglutination Inhibition TestsRabbitsLeptospira interrogansRistocetin
Immunity to the growiCapable of crossing theAllergic reactionsAntibodyImmunisationAntigenAntigensMultiplexFetusImmune reactionProteinsSerumTestsChemicalElectronSpecificProductionTypesActiveResultsBloodCellsPlaceEffectivePolymerase chain reAntibodiesLatex agglutinationParticleIndirectImmunityAssayTransfusionImmuneClumpsAggregationVitroSerologicalAllergicPrecipitationSurveillanceImmunologicalInfectionStrainsDirectNegativeFundamentalDifferencesTable
Immunity to the growi1
  • IgG is the first Ig that crosses the placenta in pregnant women and delivers passive immunity to the growing fetus So, this is the dominant antibody and is majorly found in lymph and blood. (beingintelligent.com)
Capable of crossing the2
  • IgG is the only form of antibody that is capable of crossing the placenta in order to provide passive immunity to the fetus. (pediaa.com)
  • The only antibody capable of crossing the placenta to give passive immunity to fetus. (freezingblue.com)
Allergic reactions4
  • LDHR must, therefore, be considered as an immediate hypersensitivity-type mechanism which may link allergic reactions with immunologic disease associated with severe structural injury. (rupress.org)
  • Pneumonia is the most frequent disease and its main causes are pathogen infection and body allergic reactions. (hindawi.com)
  • are involved with allergic reactions. (freezingblue.com)
  • However, it is a very potent antibody associated with allergic reactions and hypersensitivity. (pediaa.com)
Antibody16
  • Antigen-antibody interaction, or antigen-antibody reaction, is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first correct description of the antigen-antibody reaction was given by Richard J. Goldberg at the University of Wisconsin in 1952. (wikipedia.org)
  • It came to be known as "Goldberg's theory" (of antigen-antibody reaction). (wikipedia.org)
  • It was found by chromatography and passive transfer of serum from immunized rabbits that the antibody responsible for the LDHR was of IgE type. (rupress.org)
  • Latex agglutination is observed when a sample containing the specific antigen (or antibody) is mixed with an antibody (or antigen) which is coated on the surface of latex particles. (amrita.edu)
  • However, if the antigen is particulate in nature, agglutination of antigen-antibody complex is observed. (amrita.edu)
  • The reaction between a particulate antigen and an antibody results in visible clumping called agglutination. (amrita.edu)
  • There is no agglutination can be observed when the concentration of antibody is high, (lower dilutions), and then the sample is diluted, agglutination occurs. (amrita.edu)
  • It is due to the reason that excess antibody forms very minute complexes that do not clump to form visible agglutination. (amrita.edu)
  • Agglutination tests can be used in a qualitative manner to assay for the presence of an antigen or an antibody. (amrita.edu)
  • The antibody is mixed with the particulate antigen and a positive test is indicated by the agglutination of the particulate antigen. (amrita.edu)
  • However, it is possible to coat erythrocytes with a soluble antigen (e.g.. viral antigen, a polysaccharide or a hapten) and use the coated red blood cells in an agglutination test for antibody to the soluble antigen. (amrita.edu)
  • Specific agglutination effected by antibody. (theodora.com)
  • Passive agglutination tests in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed antigen. (lookformedical.com)
  • Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction. (lookformedical.com)
  • With the ban on sub-therapeutic antibiotic usage in Europe and the increasingly strictness of the European legislation on food hygiene, passive immunization by oral administration of pathogen-specific hen egg yolk antibody (IgY) may be a useful and attractive alternative. (ac.be)
Immunisation4
  • An inactivated vaccine for the vaccination of sows and gilts for the prevention of clinical signs of progressive Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) in piglets by passive oral immunisation with colostrum from dams hyperimmunised with the vaccine. (msd-animal-health.co.za)
  • Porcilis ® AR-T DF is an inactivated vaccine for the vaccination of pigs (sows and gilts) for the reduction of clinical signs of progressive Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) in piglets by passive oral immunisation with colostrum from dams actively immunised with the vaccine. (msd-animal-health.co.za)
  • Les anticorps du jaune d'œuf de poule (IgY), production et utilisation en immunisation passive contre les infections entériques bactériennes : une revue. (ac.be)
  • Cette synthèse bibliographique donne des informations concises sur la production des IgY et leur utilisation en immunisation passive, en particulier chez la volaille. (ac.be)
Antigen1
  • Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen. (lookformedical.com)
Antigens3
Multiplex3
  • Verocytotoxin- reversed passive latex agglutination or a multiplex poly- producing merase chain reaction assay ( 3,5,6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Gene distributions were detected by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) reaction. (ac.ke)
  • Relatively low number (2.1%) of discrepancies between multiplex PCR and Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA) assay particularly on SED. (ac.ke)
Fetus1
  • or it may be passive, being acquired from transfer of antibodies from another person or from an animal, either naturally, as from mother to fetus, or by intentional inoculation (artificial passive i.), and, with respect to the particular antibodies transferred, it is specific. (theodora.com)
Immune reaction2
  • A constant region plays the role in initiating the immune reaction as it has the region known as fragment crystallization (Fc) that binds to the surface receptors of the circulating macrophages, Nk cells, and WBCs. (beingintelligent.com)
  • There are five types of antibodies, that play their crucial at different stages of immune reaction or whenever required. (beingintelligent.com)
Proteins1
  • The original method for binding proteins to hydrophobic microspheres is passive adsorption. (themorninglead.com)
Serum1
Tests2
  • Latex agglutination tests have been applied in clinical laboratories for the detection of infectious diseases and in 1956 Singer and Plotz first described Rheumatoid Factor Test, a test based on latex agglutination. (amrita.edu)
  • CD Bioparticles scientists can also customize strategies for attaching biological ligands to polystyrene particles for use in immunological tests and assays, cell sorting, biosensing, immunoassays (e.g., agglutination assays, ELISA, particle capture and contrast reagents), and lateral flow assays. (themorninglead.com)
Chemical3
  • It is the fundamental reaction in the body by which the body is protected from complex foreign molecules, such as pathogens and their chemical toxins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Covalent attachment strategies are more specific than physical adsorption and involve chemical reactions between different residues of interacting molecules (e.g., amines, carboxyl groups, aldehyde sulfates). (themorninglead.com)
  • Chemical reactions in the body have to take place at or near neutrality, pH 7. (mysanantoniovet.com)
Electron1
  • By electron microscope study of the reaction, the leukocyte involved in agglutination of platelets and release of their histamine content was identified as the basophil. (rupress.org)
Specific2
  • See acquired i.. specific active i. acquired i.. specific passive i. acquired i.. stress i. insusceptibility or resistance to the effects of emotional strain. (theodora.com)
  • The climate is hot body detection test based on reaction throughout the year with the rains falling of specific antibodies with the same between March and November. (who.int)
Production2
  • passive i. the production of passive immunity. (theodora.com)
  • This review offers summarized information about IgY production and the use of these antibodies for passive immunization, particularly in poultry. (ac.be)
Types1
  • Review of the various types of thyroid hormone replacement, concepts of adverse reactions with thyroid replacement and drug-thyroid interactions. (uschirodirectory.com)
Active1
  • artificial active i. acquired i.. artificial passive i. acquired i.. bacteriophage i. the state induced in a bacterium by lysogenization, the lysogenic bacterium being insusceptible to further lysogenization or to a lytic cycle by a superinfecting bacteriophage, in contradistinction to bacteriophage resistance. (theodora.com)
Results3
  • The results is shown as the reciprocal of the maximum dilution that forms visible agglutination. (amrita.edu)
  • SYN: innate i.. passive i. acquired i.. relative i. a modified, not completely effective resistance that results when there is a sort of "fluctuating equilibrium" between the defense mechanisms of the host and the infective agent. (theodora.com)
  • Similar positive results were obtained by slide agglutination reaction. (mittalagroindustries.com)
Blood2
  • The characteristic pattern of agglutinated red blood cells on the wells is used as a tool for assaying the agglutination reactions. (amrita.edu)
  • When IgG coats red blood cells showing agglutination immediately, direct antiglobulin test is positive. (medscape.com)
Cells1
  • Inhibition of the agglutination of SpA-bearing Staphylococcus aureus cells by purified anti-SpA antibodies was observed in vitro. (omicsonline.org)
Place1
  • If the patient has antibodies to T. pallidum , a color reaction takes place. (cdc.gov)
Effective1
  • ESRD - effective sero-response dose in final product potency test (0,5 dose induces mean toxin neutralising titre of ≥ 6,2 (log 2 ) against P. multocida toxin and mean agglutination titre of ≥ 5,5 (log 2 ) against B. bronchiseptica in rabbits). (msd-animal-health.co.za)
Polymerase chain re6
  • The utility of decreasing Shiga toxin gene expression in E. coli O157:H7 with rifampicin prior to bacterial eradication with gentamicin was evaluated in vitro using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. (nih.gov)
  • To determine whether ABCs estimates of the number of cases of meningococcal disease were far lower than NNDSS counts and the contribution of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to that difference, CDC conducted an analysis to compare the two systems. (cdc.gov)
  • Thirty-three clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus were screened for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) protein and/or its gene using three techniques, reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA), Ouchterlony double diffusion (ODD), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (tdl.org)
  • Congenital rubella syndrome has also been diagnosed using placental biopsy, rubella antigen detection by monoclonal antibody, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (medscape.com)
  • Some countries of the Region use improved serodiagnostic procedures for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis like the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), direct agglutination test (DAT) or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique [4,5]. (who.int)
  • Microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microbiological isolation were included as diagnostic methods. (pvb.com.br)
Antibodies6
  • Antigen-antibody interaction, or antigen-antibody reaction, is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The antigens and antibodies combine by a process called agglutination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using the direct agglutination test, the agglutinating antibodies on the surface of the viral particles, or virions, react directly with antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes, or RBCs, forming visible clumps of particles. (cdc.gov)
  • Indirect, or passive, hemagglutination tests involve agglutinating antibodies on the viral particle surface, reacting with antigens that have been passively coupled to carrier particles such as RBCs, forming visible clumps. (cdc.gov)
  • If the patient has antibodies to T. pallidum , a color reaction takes place. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibition depended on specificity for anti- S. aureus , not the interaction between Protein A and the fragment crystallizable region of the IgG antibodies or bacterial agglutination. (biomedcentral.com)
Latex agglutination4
  • Verocytotoxin- reversed passive latex agglutination or a multiplex poly- producing merase chain reaction assay ( 3,5,6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Toxin release from treated bacterial cells was assayed for with reverse passive latex agglutination. (nih.gov)
  • A group of passive agglutination tests carried out by coating either antigen or antibody on an artificial carrier particle, called latex bead are called as latex agglutination test. (microbenotes.com)
  • however, latex agglutination, Gram stain, specific clinical criteria, and detection of N. meningitidis DNA by PCR all are used for diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
Particle4
  • Reverse passive agglutination test is a special type of particle agglutination test in which the antibody is coated on a carrier molecule which detects antigen in the patient's serum. (microbenotes.com)
  • Large particle size of latex facilitates the visualization of the antigen-antibody reaction. (microbenotes.com)
  • Serogrouping and serotyping were performed by latex particle agglutination and by conventional Quellung reaction using commercial type-specific antisera, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sensory loss occurs when T. pallidum passive particle agglutination [TP-PA] assay, various enzyme immunoassays [EIAs], chemiluminescence immunoassays, immunoblots, or rapid rate of 5% to 22% of the patient to request specific examples to form long-term trusting physician-patient/parent relationships. (cide.edu)
Indirect2
Immunity3
  • The latter have been arbitrarily numbered groups I, II, and III, and it has been found that a single member of either group I or group II is characterized by the possession of immunity reactions identical with those of other strains of the homologous group. (nih.gov)
  • The immunity reactions of these three groups apparently do not change on artificial cultivation or on animal passage. (nih.gov)
  • Compare with 'passive immunity. (mysanantoniovet.com)
Assay1
  • At the component level, this diagram illustrates two different direct hemagglutination reactions, a positive viral hemagglutination assay (HA) reaction (above), and a negative viral HA reaction (below). (cdc.gov)
Transfusion2
  • What are signs and symptoms of a suspected transfusion reaction? (credoreference.com)
  • What action should be taken in the event of a suspected transfusion reaction? (credoreference.com)
Immune1
  • The smaller of the two main groups, which has been named group IV, is peculiar in that it seems to consist of a series of independent varieties which do not cross in their immune reactions with mem- bers of groups I, II, or III, or with each other. (nih.gov)
Clumps2
Aggregation1
  • We took advantage of the saz mutants to implement a large-scale multiomics approach that allowed us to show that aggregation is not the result of passive agglutination, but rather genetic reprogramming and substantial modification of the secretome. (pasteur.fr)
Vitro1
  • Precipitation reactions can be easily observed in vitro, therefore they play an important role in serological tests. (biologyease.com)
Serological1
  • The principle for all diagnostic immunological tests is serological reactions. (biologyease.com)
Allergic2
  • A substance that causes an allergic reaction, e.g., pollen. (mysanantoniovet.com)
  • Anaphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening, immediate allergic reaction to something ingested or injected. (mysanantoniovet.com)
Precipitation4
  • Precipitation reactions depend on the formation of lattices. (biologyease.com)
  • Precipitation reactions may take one or two days to complete. (biologyease.com)
  • If the precipitation reactions are carried out in agarose gel, they are known as immuno-diffusion tests. (biologyease.com)
  • The precipitation reactions carried in agarose gel can be studied by immuno-diffusion or Ouchterlony method, radial immuno-diffusion or Mancini method, immunoelectrophoresis, rocket immuno- electrophoresis or Laurel method, countercurrent immuno-electrophoresis, etc. (biologyease.com)
Surveillance2
  • Whereas NNDSS (a passive surveillance system) covers all of the United States and records both probable and confirmed cases of meningococcal disease, ABCs (an active surveillance system) covers six states and portions of four other states and records only culture-confirmed cases. (cdc.gov)
  • PATIENTS AND METHODS: This passive surveillance study was conducted with the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from the specimens of patients with pneumonia (materials isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage), bacteraemia, meningitis, pleuritis and peritonitis between 2015 and 2018. (bvsalud.org)
Immunological2
  • have shown that pneu- mococci derived from lobar pneumonia may be divided according to their immunological reactions into certain well defined groups. (nih.gov)
  • has shown.that members of the mu- cosus group manifest cross agglutination, so that it has been pos- sible to relate further the members of this group by means of at least one immunological test. (nih.gov)
Infection1
Strains1
Direct1
Negative1
  • Depending on the procedure, some reactions are reported as positive or negative and other reactions are graded on a 1+ to 4+ scale, with 2+ usually the minimum amount of agglutination visible in a positive sample without the aid of a microscope. (microbenotes.com)
Fundamental2
  • It is the fundamental reaction in the body by which the body is protected from complex foreign molecules, such as pathogens and their chemical toxins. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the type of or- ganism that lives as a saprophyte on normal mucous membranes could be differentiated by certain fundamental and constant reactions from the ordinary disease-producing type, a reconstruction of our ideas concerning the epidemiology of lobar pneumonia would become necessary. (nih.gov)
Differences1
  • Group III consists of the type known as Pneumococcus mu- cosus, and the first classification of organisms into this group de- pended upon differences of morphology and cultural reaction. (nih.gov)
Table1
  • NNDSS comprises confirmed and probable cases ( Table 1 ) identified through passive reporting in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five territories ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)