Patch clamp recordings of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents showed that CRS did not affect synaptic GABAergic transmission to the principal neurons in the LA. Lastly, conditional knock-out (cKO) mice that have the Grik1 gene knocked out selectively in the PV-expressing interneurons showed no change in anxiety-like behavior after CRS while their wild-type counterparts demonstrated an increase in anxiety-like behavior observable in the elevated plus maze test. (helsinki.fi)
GABAergic interneurons play a major role in the function of the mammalian neocortex, but their circuit connectivity is still poorly understood. (ox.ac.uk)
Mu opioid receptors (MORs), which are located in parvalbumin (PARV)-containing GABAergic interneurons and are trafficked in response to changes in the hormonal environment, play a critical role in promoting principal cell excitability and long-term potentiation. (johnshopkins.edu)
Remarkably, these effects are not associated with changes in the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic components, but with a reduction of parvalbumin (PV) neuron density and PV mRNA levels. (biorxiv.org)
Alterations in GABAergic interneuron intrinsic activity and responsiveness to incoming signals may significantly affect SPN output thus contributing to abnormal motor movements in patients afflicted with HD. (nih.gov)
Mouse models of Rett syndrome and others bearing human autism risk variants show a decrease in parvalbumin-stained GABAergic interneurons. (sfari.org)
However, the role of specific types of GABAergic hippocampal interneurons in this process remains poorly understood. (medicalxpress.com)
Especially inhibitory neurons of the hippocampus, called GABAergic interneurons, show a great diversity in what inputs they integrate and how they target the principal cells of the hippocampus, the excitatory pyramidal neurons that transmit memories to other brain areas. (medicalxpress.com)
Furthermore, the connection probability of GABAergic interneurons is remarkably higher than that of pyramidal neurons [4-7]. (researchsquare.com)
In the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) drives feedforward inhibition in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) via local parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons [12]. (researchsquare.com)
Here, we describe the developmental effects of excessive peripheral NRG1 signals on synaptic activity and AMPA receptor expression of GABAergic interneurons in postnatal rodent neocortex. (nih.gov)
Injected eNRG1 penetrated the blood-brain barrier and activated ErbB4 NRG1 receptors in the neocortex, in which ErbB4 mRNA is predominantly expressed by parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. (nih.gov)
Examination of excitatory inputs to parvalbumin-containing GABAergic interneurons revealed that eNRG1 treatment significantly increased AMPA-triggered inward currents and the amplitudes and frequencies of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). (nih.gov)
These results indicate that NRG1 circulating in the periphery influences postnatal development of synaptic AMPA receptor expression in cortical GABAergic interneurons and may play a role in conditions characterized by GABA-associated neuropathologic processes. (nih.gov)
Collectively this thesis provides a variety of ways to produce neurons with a special focus on GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)
The first part of the thesis (Paper I and II) explores reprogramming of adult human fibroblasts and human glial progenitor cells into GABAergic interneurons in 2D cultures. (lu.se)
We provide evidence that the two cell sources can successfully convert into subtype-specific GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)
Neurons11
Each parvalbumin interneuron controls the activity of multiple pyramidal excitatory neurons, thereby regulating neuronal circuits and memory consolidation. (jci.org)
Preventing the loss of parvalbumin neurons by deleting a proapoptotic protein, mitochondrial anchored protein ligase (MAPL), selectively in parvalbumin neurons rescued anesthesia-induced deficits in pyramidal cell inhibition and hippocampus-dependent long-term memory. (jci.org)
Conversely, partial depletion of parvalbumin neurons in neonates was sufficient to engender long-lasting memory impairment. (jci.org)
Cortical circuit activity is shaped by the parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons that inhibit principal excitatory (EXC) neurons and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons that suppress activation of other interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
These neurons are characterized by their chemical signature of expressing calcium binding protein parvalbumin and the cholecystokinin (CCK) peptide. (news-medical.net)
Aijón, J. (1997) Calretinin- and parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat main olfactory bulb do not express NADPH-diaphorase activity. (uv.es)
There are two main types of neurons in the cerebral cortex: excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. (kcl.ac.uk)
Inhibitory interneurons pace and synchronise the activity of excitatory neurons, thereby orchestrating their behaviour. (kcl.ac.uk)
We also review current models for the mechanisms of GABA-mediated synchronization of neural activity, focusing on parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, which are altered in schizophrenia and whose function has been strongly linked to the production of neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
We postulated that this phenomenon was primarily due to the increased failure rate of evoking action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons. (researchsquare.com)
Despite the fact that thalamic efferent inputs on parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons are bifurcated from the same set of axons, their pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms tend to be stronger than those on principal neurons [1-3]. (researchsquare.com)
Hippocampus6
Here, we show that repeated general anesthesia in postnatal mice induces preferential apoptosis and subsequent loss of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus. (jci.org)
Parvalbumin-positive (PV) basket cells provide perisomatic inhibition in the cortex and hippocampus and control generation of memory-related network activity patterns, such as sharp wave ripples (SPW-R). Deterioration of this class of fast-spiking interneurons has been observed in neuropsychiatric disorders and evidence from animal models suggests their involvement in the acquisition and extinction of fear memories. (mdc-berlin.de)
The same was true for parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the ventral hippocampus, which was generally augmented in the GlyR mutant mice and correlated with individual freezing levels. (mdc-berlin.de)
Together, these results identify PV interneurons as critical cellular substrate of fear memory persistence and associated SPW-R activity in the hippocampus. (mdc-berlin.de)
Circuit activity in the cortex and hippocampus is shaped by distinct contributions from specific interneuron subpopulations ( Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011 ). (jneurosci.org)
Meanwhile, the activity of interneurons in the mice's hippocampus was recorded using a technique known as juxta-cellular recording. (medicalxpress.com)
Mice13
Thus, loss of parvalbumin interneurons in postnatal mice following repeated general anesthesia critically contributes to memory deficits in adulthood. (jci.org)
Supportive evidence come from examination of genetically modified mice where the obligatory NMDAR-subunit GluN1 (also known as NR1) has been deleted from PV interneurons by Cre-mediated knockout of the corresponding gene Grin1 (Grin1(ΔPV) mice). (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we used mice with neuron type-targeted expression of the presynaptic gain-of-function glycine receptor RNA variant GlyR {beta}3L(185L) to genetically enhance the network activity of PV interneurons. (mdc-berlin.de)
Moreover, PV+ inhibitory interneurons, another marker for schizophrenia pathology, were significantly reduced in density in auditory cortex but not secondary motor cortex of Df1 /+ mice with hearing loss. (biorxiv.org)
Moreover, we report a reduction in density of PV+ inhibitory interneurons in the auditory cortex, but not secondary motor cortex, of Df1 /+ mice with hearing loss. (biorxiv.org)
The basic membrane and synaptic properties of LTS interneurons were similar in Q175 and WT mice regardless of disease stage. (nih.gov)
However, in symptomatic mice, a subpopulation of LTS interneurons displayed an increase in action potential firing within oscillating bursts. (nih.gov)
Using two-photon calcium imaging, we recorded hippocampal CA1 somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons as mice performed a goal-directed spatial navigation task in new visual virtual reality (VR) contexts. (elifesciences.org)
Researchers at Medical University of Vienna recently set out to examine the activity of different hippocampal interneurons as mice were completing an odor-driven spatial navigation task. (medicalxpress.com)
Their findings , outlined in Neuron , show that distinct types of interneurons fire differently while the mice are navigating an environment and remembering odors they smelled in the past. (medicalxpress.com)
They then used these visualizations to reconstruct dendrites and axons allowing them to identify the cell type of the recorded cells and better understand the activity of these distinct types of interneurons while the mice were completing the spatial navigation task. (medicalxpress.com)
Furthermore, we show that two mice models exhibiting mTOR hyperactivation in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons had contextual fear memory deficits. (umontreal.ca)
Finally, we show that inducing Syngap1 haploinsufficiency specifically in parvabumin-postive interneurons after the second postnatal week does not cause fear memory deficits, thus suggesting that cognitive problems in adult mice may be due to alterations occurring during early brain development. (umontreal.ca)
Inhibition2
Dense, unspecific connectivity of neocortical parvalbumin-positive interneurons: a canonical microcircuit for inhibition? (ox.ac.uk)
We conclude that the microcircuit architecture for PV+ interneurons, and probably neocortical inhibition in general, is an unspecific, densely homogenous matrix covering all nearby pyramidal cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Cortical4
We used two-photon RuBi-Glutamate uncaging to optically map how the largest population of cortical interneurons, the parvalbumin-positive cells (PV+), are connected to pyramidal cells (PCs) in mouse neocortex. (ox.ac.uk)
We found locally dense connectivity from PV+ interneurons onto PCs across cortical areas and layers. (ox.ac.uk)
Alonso J.R. (1995) Calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin expression in mitotic cells of rat primary cortical cultures. (uv.es)
Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that suppression of somatostatin- and/or parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (SOM-ints and PV-ints) is necessary for certain types of cortical and amygdalar learning. (elifesciences.org)
Somatostatin1
Surprisingly, although there was a range of activity suppression across the population, individual somatostatin-expressing interneurons showed consistent levels of activity modulation across exposure to multiple novel environments, suggesting context-independent, stable network roles during spatial exploration. (elifesciences.org)
Schizophrenia5
Knockout of NMDA-receptors from parvalbumin interneurons sensitizes to schizophrenia-related deficits induced by MK-801. (ox.ac.uk)
It has been suggested that a functional deficit in NMDA-receptors (NMDARs) on parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons (PV-NMDARs) is central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. (ox.ac.uk)
These results reveal bottom-up neurobiological mechanisms through which peripheral hearing loss arising from the 22q11.2 deletion may promote the emergence of schizophrenia-relevant auditory brain and behavioral abnormalities, and also suggest a link between conductive hearing loss and reduced PV+ interneuron density in the auditory cortex. (biorxiv.org)
These results suggest mechanisms through which hearing loss associated with the 22q11.2 deletion may promote emergence of schizophrenia-relevant auditory brain and behavioral abnormalities and indicate that conductive hearing loss may influence PV+ interneuron density in the auditory cortex. (biorxiv.org)
Mitochondrial, exosomal miR137-COX6A2 and gamma synchrony as biomarkers of parvalbumin interneurons, psychopathology, and neurocognition in schizophrenia. (bvsalud.org)
Fast-spiking inte1
Here we compared morphological and functional changes of striatal fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) and low-threshold spiking (LTS) interneurons in the Q175 mouse model of HD at presymptomatic (2 months) and symptomatic (12 months) stages of the disease. (nih.gov)
Pyramidal Cells4
The authors identified a signalling pathway controlling the formation of synapses between excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons expressing the protein parvalbumin. (kcl.ac.uk)
We identified a signalling pathway that controls protein synthesis in one of the most fundamental connections in the cerebral cortex, the synapses made by pyramidal cells on parvalbumin interneurons. (kcl.ac.uk)
This discovery supports the idea that the synapses made by excitatory pyramidal cells and the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might be particularly sensitive to dysregulation seen in developmental brain conditions such as ASD. (kcl.ac.uk)
This observation suggests that the connections between excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons expressing parvalbumin are a possible hot spot for multiple genetic risk factors in ASD", says Professor Rico, co-senior author of the study. (kcl.ac.uk)
Inputs1
The resilience of LTS interneurons could be related to their sparsity of excitatory synaptic inputs compared with FSIs. (nih.gov)
Pathology1
This is aimed at developing a robust model that more accurately replicates the interactions within the human brain and holds potential for the in-depth study of interneuron development and pathology. (lu.se)
Cholecystokinin3
The study 'Anatomical and molecular characterization of parvalbumin cholecystokinin co-expressing inhibitory interneurons: implications for neuropsychiatric conditions' was published in July in Molecular Psychiatry . (news-medical.net)
Reconstructed neural process of parvalbumin expressing and cholecystokinin expressing basket cells with dendrites colored in red and reconstructed axons in blue. (medicalxpress.com)
While parvalbumin (PV) basket cells increased in general their activity during VR spatial navigation cholecystokinin (CCK) cells decreased their activity. (medicalxpress.com)
Rats2
These data show that AIS and CIS differentially affect available MOR pools in PARV-containing interneurons in female and male rats. (johnshopkins.edu)
Baker KD , 2021 , 'Does maternal separation accelerate maturation of perineuronal nets and parvalbumin-containing inhibitory interneurons in male and female rats? (edu.au)
Synaptic1
Thus, we conclude that while both FSI and LTS interneurons demonstrate increases in excitability, the HD mutation differentially affects their membrane and synaptic properties as well as their ability to respond to compensatory challenges presented during the late stage of the disease. (nih.gov)
Activity5
In order to decouple ripple-spindle oscillations, here we chemogenetically inhibited parvalbumin-positive (PV + ) interneurons, since their activity is important for regulating the timing of spiking activity during oscillations. (elifesciences.org)
however, the activity of defined interneuron types during spatial exploration remain poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
Activity in both interneuron classes was strongly suppressed but recovered as animals learned to adapt the previously learned task to the new spatial context. (elifesciences.org)
This work reveals population-level temporally dynamic interneuron activity in new environments, within which each interneuron shows stable and consistent activity modulation. (elifesciences.org)
This technique entails the use of a glass pipette with an electrode inside it to record the activity of an individual interneuron and 'label it' with a chemical marker. (medicalxpress.com)
Functional1
We further explore the contribution of various glial cells in a 3D co-culture setting with interneurons employing both functional and molecular analyses. (lu.se)
Leads1
An in situ hybridization experiment was performed to investigate how CRS affects expression levels of GluK1 in the different neuronal populations in the LA. These data show that CRS leads to downregulation of GluK1 expression in the parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons specifically. (helsinki.fi)
Thesis1
The final part of this thesis (Paper IV) focuses on differentiation of hESCs into subtype- and subclass-specific interneurons. (lu.se)