• Two participant simulators (participant receivers) cleaners in classrooms could reduce overall aerosol particle con- similar in design to the respiratory aerosol source simulator centrations by 80% within 30 minutes ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The speaker simulator the effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners and universal (speaker receiver) was a commercial simulator (Warwick masking at reducing exposure to exhaled aerosol particles, the Technologies Ltd.) that breathed at 28 L/min. (cdc.gov)
  • HEPA air cleaners were most effective when they were close to particle counters (Model 1.108, Grimm Technologies, Inc.) the aerosol source. (cdc.gov)
  • When the simulators were masked, the particle indoor environments, with greater reductions in exposure counters collected aerosol samples from inside the masks (i.e., occurring when used in combination with universal masking. (cdc.gov)
  • The effect of nitric acid on aerosol particles in the atmosphere may offer an explanation for the smog seen engulfing cities on frosty days. (phys.org)
  • The test aerosol should include particles at or near the most penetrating particle size range. (cdc.gov)
  • The test aerosol should be charge neutralized (have an equal distribution of positively and negatively charged particles), because charge neutralization has been shown to lower the filter collection of particles. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods: Fluorescent 2-µm aerosol particles were released into the interior of expedient-construction isolation modules exhausted with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered fan unit. (cdc.gov)
  • Substances like biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), the various nitrogen oxides, carbonaceous particles, ozone or methane act in the atmosphere either directly as greenhouse gases and aerosols, or as key precursors for greenhouse gases and secondary organic aerosol. (lu.se)
  • When the emissions were aged in an oxidation flow reactor to simulate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, it was found that OA concentration strongly increased for all fuels. (lu.se)
  • Optical particle spectrometers monitored simulated respiratory aerosol particles (0.3-3m) as they dispersed throughout the room. (cdc.gov)
  • In this article, a Hybrid Algorithm combining Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA) is proposed, in order to solve the PTSP. (ici.ro)
  • To improve the audio quality, several authors have developed acoustic echo cancellers based on particle swarm optimization algorithms (PSO). (nih.gov)
  • The aim in this paper is to use three heuristic optimization methods, simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), to solve the first-order design (FOD) problem for a small-volume indoor network and make a comparison of their performances. (copernicus.org)
  • In the first category, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) constitute two of the most popular SI optimization techniques with numerous applications in science and engineering. (sigevo.org)
  • Such predictions are likely to reveal new details about the outcomes of high-energy collisions in particle accelerators and other lingering physics questions. (umd.edu)
  • Maybe particle collisions, maybe the early universe after the Big Bang? (tgdaily.com)
  • As noted above, simulating such collisions is challenging for today's digital computers as the quantum state of the colliding particles is quite complex and difficult to represent accurately with a feasible number of bits. (tgdaily.com)
  • What's nice about the simulation is that you can raise the complexity of the problem by increasing the energy of the particles and collisions, but the difficulty of solving the problem does not increase so fast that it becomes unmanageable," Caltech's Professor John Preskill says. (tgdaily.com)
  • In the previous entries, we have installed a software capable of simulating particle collisions ( Report #1 ) in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , and used it to simulate in our computers 10000 proton collisions to generate a pair top-antitop quarks ( Report #2 ). (stemgeeks.net)
  • Particle physicists simulate collisions of particles. (reasons.org)
  • In Digital quantum simulation of fermionic models with a superconducting circuit , published in Nature Communications , we present digital methods that enable the simulation of the complex interactions between fermionic particles, by using single-qubit and two-qubit quantum logic gates as building blocks. (research.google)
  • Using a continuous representation of the discontinuous potential described above enables the simulation of patchy particles using molecular dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
  • One simulation done involves a Monte Carlo method, where the best "move" ensures equilibrium in the particle. (wikipedia.org)
  • while (0 == InterlockedGetValue(&m_terminating)) { // Run the particle simulation. (microsoft.com)
  • Hey simulation comissioners, I am trying to simulate a particle flow out of a pressure vessel using the Euler-Lagrange method. (cfd-online.com)
  • Patchy particles are micron- or nanoscale colloidal particles that are anisotropically patterned, either by modification of the particle surface chemistry ("enthalpic patches"), through particle shape ("entropic patches"), or both. (wikipedia.org)
  • The behaviour of colloidal particles is better understood compared to biological particles like bacteria. (nature.com)
  • However, there are still open questions about the phenomena and the dynamics when filtering bacteria and particles mixtures: for instance, what is the interplay between biological particles and colloidal particles at a constriction? (nature.com)
  • The algorithm would simulate all the possible interactions between two elementary particles colliding with each other, something that currently requires years of effort and a large accelerator to study. (tgdaily.com)
  • Essentially, the team used the principles of quantum mechanics to prove their algorithm was sufficiently capable of summing up the effects of the interactions between colliding particles, which would allow it to generate the sort of data rendered by an accelerator. (tgdaily.com)
  • The SA algorithm is used to improve the particle diversity and to avoid the algorithm being trapped into local optimum. (ici.ro)
  • To adequately implement the proposed algorithm in a Stratix IV GX EP4SGX530 FPGA, we present for the first time, the development of a parallel metaheuristic processor, in which each processing core simulates the different number of particles by using the time-multiplexing technique. (nih.gov)
  • Since the evolution of the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) optimisation problems and complex real-world problems were solved. (inderscience.com)
  • Researchers with Berkeley Lab used a real-time numerical algorithm to study electron movement, to understand how long a particle stays excited, and whether there is energy backflow from hot carrier - a single particle excitation - to plasmon - a cloud of electrons. (osti.gov)
  • Track Finding with Deformable Templates - The Elastic Arms Approach" M. Ohlsson, C. Peterson and A. L. Yuille A novel algorithm for particle tracking is presented and evaluated. (lu.se)
  • We present a novel computational framework for simulating suspensions of rigid spherical Janus particles in Stokes flow. (arxiv.org)
  • We show that long-range Janus particle interactions for a wide array of applications may be resolved using fast, spectrally accurate boundary integral methods tailored to polydisperse suspensions of spherical particles. (arxiv.org)
  • We demonstrate the flexibility of our platform through three key examples of Janus particle systems prominent in biomedical applications: amphiphilic, bipolar electric and phoretic particles. (arxiv.org)
  • We formulate Janus particle interactions in boundary integral form and showcase characteristic self-assembly and complex collective behavior for each particle type. (arxiv.org)
  • Patchy particles range in valency from two (Janus particles) or higher. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, quantum simulations might be the perfect tool for producing new predictions based on theories that combine Einstein's theory of special relativity (link is external) and quantum mechanics to describe the basic building blocks of nature-the subatomic particles and the forces among them-in terms of " quantum fields (link is external) . (umd.edu)
  • In a new paper in PRX Quantum (link is external) , Davoudi, Linke and their colleagues have combined theory and experiment to push the boundaries of quantum simulations-testing the limits of both the ion-based quantum computer in Linke's lab and proposals for simulating quantum fields. (umd.edu)
  • We introduce the concept and simulations for an active transport of particles in single interface fluids. (vde-verlag.de)
  • Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, which simulate the motion of groups of similar particles on a two dimensional grid subject to the self-consistent electric and magnetic fields generated by their spatial distribution and motion, are used to simulate the amplification of whistler-mode waves propagating along the magnetic field. (saip.org.za)
  • In this study, the influence of tuyere diameter and blast volume, which are main factors on formation of raceway in front of tuyere, on stability of raceway is discussed in terms of energy balance between gas and particle bed by DEM simulations. (aiche.org)
  • These findings suggest that portable HEPA to determine the exposure of each receiver simulator to aero- air cleaners can reduce exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in sol particles. (cdc.gov)
  • Typical particle sizes found in various workplace and environmental aerosols. (cdc.gov)
  • Our study used a speaker-audience model to examine the efficacy of two popular types of DIY air filtration units, the Corsi-Rosenthal cube and a modified Ford air filtration unit, in reducing exposure to simulated respiratory aerosols within a mock classroom. (cdc.gov)
  • Better computational tools are needed to understand and rationally design materials, such as high-temperature superconductors, whose properties are believed to depend on the collective quantum behavior of hundreds of particles. (sciencedaily.com)
  • But in these applications, single particle excitation rather than the collective plasmon excitation is needed to transfer electrons one at a time to an electrode and induce desired chemical reactions. (scienceblog.com)
  • After the plasmon is excited by sunlight, it induces the single particle excitation 'hot carriers. (scienceblog.com)
  • Now, for the first time, the interplay between the plasmon mode and the single particle excitation within a small metal cluster has been simulated directly. (scienceblog.com)
  • We have described both the plasmon and the single particle excitation quantum mechanically, and studied nanoparticles because they are often used in actual applications. (scienceblog.com)
  • Jie Ma, a postdoc who is the lead author of the paper, adds that "the single particle excitation is the continu-ous change of the electron occupation, but the plasmon is the oscillation of the electron occupations around the Fermi energy ['ground' level of the electron reservoir]. (scienceblog.com)
  • This is due to a property called anticommutation , an inherent quantum mechanical behavior of all fermions, that makes it very tricky to fully simulate anything that is composed of complex interactions between electrons. (research.google)
  • This phenomenon is related to apparent "slippery" interactions between the particles and the bacteria. (nature.com)
  • However, these bacteria/particles clusters being lubricated by the slippery interactions are deformed and stretched by the shear thus facilitating their passage through the microchannels. (nature.com)
  • These multibody particle-particle and particle-wall interactions are adding new important sources of complexity to the problem 4 that is rather difficult to anticipate. (nature.com)
  • For particles with hard interactions it is only entropy that determines if a spontaneous phase transition like crystallization can take place. (uu.nl)
  • Although a discovery of new invisible particles in LDMX would not fully prove that they are the DM (or even cosmologically long-lived), it would mark the beginning of a programme of experiments to measure neutrino properties and interactions, which could further strengthen the case that they are indeed the missing DM. (lu.se)
  • The software can also simulate remnants of hadronic interactions, including atomic de-excitation and provides extension to low energies down to the DNA scale for biological modelling. (lu.se)
  • Particle concentrations inside and outside the enclosure were measured with and without provider traffic simulated with a mannequin. (cdc.gov)
  • Total particle number concentrations were determined with a condensation particle counter (CPC) for particles between 0.02 microm and 1 microm (P-Trak UPC, Model 8525, TSI) and the particle size fraction was determined with a differential mobility analyser (DMA) for particles from 0.01 microm to 0.5 microm. (who.int)
  • Particle number concentrations of ultrafine particles in mainstream smoke during waterpipe smoking ranged up to 70 x 10(9) particles per litre. (who.int)
  • Equally important is to account for past environments so as to improve Holocene calculations of terrestrial emissions which have an effect on, e.g., the atmosphere's level of oxidants and thus methane lifetime and concentration, the preindustrial burden of O 3 and hence its present anthropogenic radiative forcing, as well as estimates of the continental pristine SOA particle concentrations which affect cloud physics. (lu.se)
  • The best modern computers have often proven inadequate at simulating the details that nuclear physicists need to understand our universe at the deepest levels. (umd.edu)
  • Current quantum computers, utilizing technologies like the trapped ion device on the left, are beginning to tackle problems theoretical physicists care about, like simulating particle physics models. (umd.edu)
  • Glasser, AH & Cohen, SA 2022, ' Simulating single-particle dynamics in magnetized plasmas: The RMF code ', Review of Scientific Instruments , vol. 93, no. 8, 083506. (princeton.edu)
  • In this work, we analyze and compare the clogging mechanisms and dynamics by pure and mixture suspensions of polystyrene latex particles and Escherichia coli by coupling fluorescent microscopic observation and dynamic permeability measurements in microfluidic filters. (nature.com)
  • When mixing particle and bacteria, an unexpected phenomenon occurs: the clogging dynamics is significantly delayed. (nature.com)
  • First we simulate the dynamics of the planetary systems in their present day configurations and determine the fraction of stable planetary orbits within their habitable zones. (lu.se)
  • How particles pack under different constraints is not only of fundamental interest to physics, chemistry and materials science, but also to mathematics. (uu.nl)
  • A team of researchers has now shown that mixing particles of two different sizes inside a sphere results in unexpected, cubic structures, as they describe today in a publication in Nature Physics. (uu.nl)
  • GEANT4 covers all relevant physics processes, electromagnetic, hadronic, decay, optical, for long and short lived particles, for energy range spanning from tens of eV to TeV scale. (lu.se)
  • ANSYS Meshing] how to simulate a fluid flow with particles mixed in them? (cfd-online.com)
  • how to simulate a fluid flow with particles mixed in them? (cfd-online.com)
  • i would like to simulate a flow which has the medium as fluid with small solid particles mixed with them for a research project. (cfd-online.com)
  • Particles localized over the flaps are pushed the fluid. (vde-verlag.de)
  • You could use Newtonian or Fluid type Particles to simulate the powder, with the gears and funnel as Collision objects. (stackexchange.com)
  • So you are trying to non-dimensionalise the built-in particle to fluid coupling force? (cfd-online.com)
  • A recent laboratory study (6) indicated that latex condoms are an effective mechanical barrier to fluid containing HIV-sized particles. (cdc.gov)
  • abstract = "Is it possible to simulate socio-biological behaviours using particle swarm systems? (ucl.ac.uk)
  • abstract = "The RMF (Rotating Magnetic Field) code is designed to calculate the motion of a charged particle in a given electromagnetic field. (princeton.edu)
  • The average smoking pattern was then mechanically simulated in apparatus. (who.int)
  • Since the vast majority of sediment and suspended particles in the environment are natural organic and inorganic materials, pollutant transfer through particle ingestion will be dominated by these particles and not microplastics. (researchgate.net)
  • In this work, the response matrix for a microcalorimeter is built using EGSnrc-a Monte Carlo particle transport software-to simulate the energy deposition of a point source of monoenergetic beta particles ranging from 10 keV to 2 MeV. (houghton.edu)
  • OBJECTIVES: Ultrafine particle emissions from waterpipes and their impact on human health have not been extensively studied. (who.int)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the inhalation pattern of waterpipe smokers, and (a) construct apparatus to simulate waterpipe smoking in the laboratory, and (b) characterise mainstream emissions from waterpipes under different smoking conditions. (who.int)
  • With regard to particle emissions, smoking waterpipes may carry similar health risks to smoking cigarettes. (who.int)
  • For that reason dynamic global vegetation models are increasingly being developed to improve their capacity to simulate emissions of non-CO 2 trace gases. (lu.se)
  • Figure 1.Simulated future leaf area index and forest isoprene emissions at a location in southern Sweden using the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS. (lu.se)
  • The DOC strongly reduced primary organic emissions in both the gas (THC) and particle phase (OA) and only marginally affected OA composition. (lu.se)
  • A hard sphere potential accounting for the repulsion between the cores of the particles and an attractive square potential for the attraction between the patches. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inter-particle repulsion can lead to the formation of a network of interacting particles under flow that can lead to intermittent flow at the bottleneck entrance. (nature.com)
  • Did anybody before tryed to simulate a particle flow dimensionless? (cfd-online.com)
  • The test air flow should be near the highest level encountered during heavy work, because higher air flow leads to more particles getting through the filter. (cdc.gov)
  • When the volume fraction of the chrome titanium yellow particles is lower than 2.12%, the absorption and scattering coefficients both increase approximately linearly with the volume fraction, indicating that the particles can scatter radiation independently. (springer.com)
  • Direct reading instruments that measure how particles scatter light have greater sensitivity and precision than bioassays that require viable viruses or bacteria, multiple dilutions, specific growth media, temperature-controlled growth conditions and well-trained technicians to count colonies. (cdc.gov)
  • Our approach features the use of spherical harmonic expansions for spectrally accurate integral operator evaluation, complementarity-based collision resolution, and optimal O(n) scaling with the number of particles when accelerated via fast summation techniques. (arxiv.org)
  • Conventional computers -- even supercomputers -- are inadequate for simulating quantum systems with as few as 30 particles. (sciencedaily.com)
  • That is critical for understanding how long a particle stays excited, and whether there is energy backflow from hot carrier to plasmon. (scienceblog.com)
  • You need to consider how the plasmon can give its energy to single particle excitations. (scienceblog.com)
  • His calculations used light to excite Ag55, a me-tallic nanocluster with known geometry, and showed the behavior of the plasmon and the single particle exci-tation. (scienceblog.com)
  • The study was published in a Nature Communications paper titled 'Interplay Between Plasmon and Single-particle Excitations in a Metal Nanocluster. (scienceblog.com)
  • However, that movement can be caused both by a plasmon and by single particle excitations. (scienceblog.com)
  • Using this method, we found that if a hot carrier excitation is in tune with the plasmon oscillation, then 90% of the plasmon energy can be con-verted to the single particle energy. (scienceblog.com)
  • But if they are out of tune, the total energy will go back and forth be-tween the plasmon and the single particle exication," explains Wang. (scienceblog.com)
  • The idea is to use a genetic programming approach to automatically evolve the particle swarm equations to model animal social behaviours. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • This research is intended to be a first example of application of genetic programming and particle swarm to simulate animal behaviours. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • With particle loads as high as you describe the Lagrangian particle model does not sound suitable. (cfd-online.com)
  • Lagrangian gives the precise track of a sample of particles, Eularian has many more models available to it (particle collison, wall lubrication, fluidised bed and many more - Lagrangian models don't have these options). (cfd-online.com)
  • Experiments (summarized in Table 1 ) have been realized with monodisperse polystyrene latex particles (2.3 μm) and fluorescent Escherichia coli (1 to 2.5 μm rod shape cells) pure and mixed suspensions. (nature.com)
  • Now, researchers from the University of Queensland have purportedly simulated time travel. (futurism.com)
  • While some researchers are trying to trace down axions in space or on Earth, others are studying the particles using models, like metamaterials. (itmo.ru)
  • Researchers around the world hope that quantum computing will not only be able to process certain calculations faster than any classical computer, but also help simulate nature more accurately and answer longstanding questions with regard to high temperature superconductivity, complex quantum materials, and applications in quantum chemistry. (research.google)
  • The interaction between patchy particles can be described by a combination of two discontinuous potentials. (wikipedia.org)
  • A simulated NNBAR event in which we see the remnants from an n-nbar annihilation. (lu.se)
  • To consider the momentum loss of the continuous phase (air) due to the high particle mass load of circa 1 kg particles / 1 kg air, I am using the fully coupled model. (cfd-online.com)
  • Hello Glenn, this source term is added to the Navier Stokes equations if you want to capture the momentum loss of the continuous phase due to the high particle mass load. (cfd-online.com)
  • Well the problem is, that even though the mass fraction is high, the volume fraction is low with circa 1E-4 m particle / m air. (cfd-online.com)
  • The mass fraction of particle is high but the volume fraction is low - OK. (cfd-online.com)
  • Yang Y, Liu Z, Hu B, Man Y, Wu W. Bionic composite material simulating the optical spectra of plant leaves. (springer.com)
  • Here, we simulated isolated nanoparticles. (scienceblog.com)
  • Additionally, the results may be used to construct so-called photonic crystals with new properties, if the crystals are made with particles with a size of several hundred nanometres instead of the nanoparticles used in this study. (uu.nl)
  • 7 , 14 ) (See: NIOSH Science Blog, N95 Respirators and Surgical Masks , Section on "How do filters collect particles" and Respiratory Protection for Workers Handling Engineered Nanoparticles . (cdc.gov)
  • Pure particles filtration leads to arches and deposit formation in the upstream side of the microfilter while pure bacteria form streamers in the downstream zone. (nature.com)
  • The clogging behaviour of bacteria and particles is thus completely different: bacterial streamers are filamentous structures that are developed in the downstream zone of a constriction whereas particle clogs are formed in the upstream zone of the constriction. (nature.com)
  • The study by the team used individual photons to reproduce a quantum particle that was travelling through a space-time loop, to arrive where and when it began. (filehippo.com)
  • A crucial part in describing nature is simulating electrons. (research.google)
  • But simulating systems with many electrons makes for a very tough problem on classical computers, due to some of their peculiar quantum properties. (research.google)
  • Electrons are fermionic particles , and as such obey the well-known Pauli exclusion principle which states that no fermions in a system can occupy the same quantum state . (research.google)
  • After a particle "crash", some new particles are created and evolve, and thus, they are detected by the detectors at the LHC. (stemgeeks.net)
  • 1 , 2 ) Whether the particle is "living" or "infectious" plays no role in how well it will be collected by a filter. (cdc.gov)
  • My research will therefore follow the initial socio-biological metaphor underlying particle systems. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In this study we analyzed microbial cells and biological ice nucleating particles (INPs) in smoke emitted from eight prescribed wildland fires in North Florida. (nature.com)
  • Clogging of channels by complex systems such as mixtures of colloidal and biological particles is commonly encountered in different applications. (nature.com)
  • Can we use a quantum computer to simulate them and tell us what to expect? (tgdaily.com)
  • 2. In the Hierarchy, select both particle systems. (unity3d.com)
  • 5. Observe that the particle systems continue playing. (unity3d.com)
  • Particle swarm systems have been originally developed to model social behaviours. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • GEANT4 ( http://geant4.web.cern.ch/ ) is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. (lu.se)
  • To counter the threat of hyperspectral detection, it is necessary to develop biomimetic materials to simulate the solar spectral reflection characteristics of plant leaf accurately. (springer.com)
  • Patchy particles are used as a shorthand for modelling anisotropic colloids, proteins and water and for designing approaches to nanoparticle synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • By default particles will bounce very high, this setting controls how much velocity the particle loses on collision with this object. (stackexchange.com)
  • Particle motion is initialized by specifying the position and velocity vectors. (princeton.edu)
  • Microplastic-associated PCBs are placed in a differential bioavailability framework by comparing the results to several other natural and anthrogenic particles, including wood, coal, and biochar. (researchgate.net)
  • Therefore, the reflectance of the biomimetic material can be regulated through linearly changing of the volume fraction of the chrome titanium yellow particles. (springer.com)
  • More than 60 years ago, the physicist Julian Schwinger laid the foundation for describing the relativistic and quantum mechanical behaviors of subatomic particles and the forces among them, and now his namesake model is serving as an early challenge for quantum computers. (umd.edu)
  • Instead of looking at particles in reality's three dimensions evolving over time, this model pares things down to particles existing in just one dimension over time. (umd.edu)
  • The fully coupled particle model already has it included. (cfd-online.com)
  • Wouldn't a Eularian particle model be more appropriate? (cfd-online.com)
  • This instrument was coupled with a laser particle spectrometer for particles between 0.35 microm and 10 microm (Wide Range Particle Spectrometer, Model 1000XP, MSC Corp). Carbon monoxide levels were determined with an electrochemical sensor (Q-Trak monitor, Model 8554, TSI). (who.int)
  • An excited single particle can drop rapidly to a lower energy state by emitting a phonon, which is the vibration of the atoms. (scienceblog.com)
  • Recent features are a synthetic diagnostic for simulating the observations of charge-exchange-neutral energy distributions and RF grids to explore a Fermi acceleration parallel to static magnetic fields. (princeton.edu)
  • The use of missing energy and transverse momentum to search for invisible particles begs the question how one will know what these invisible particles are in case of discovery. (lu.se)
  • In the grand-canonical ensemble, the system is in equilibrium with a thermal bath and reservoir of particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yuan Z, Ye H, Li S M. Bionic leaf simulating the thermal effect of natural leaf transpiration. (springer.com)
  • This experiment is a critical step on the path to creating a quantum simulator capable of modeling fermions as well as bosons (particles which can be interchanged, as opposed to fermions), opening up exciting possibilities for simulating physical and chemical processes in nature. (research.google)
  • Crucially, the NIST simulator also can engineer a second quantum property called entanglement between the qubits, so that even physically well separated particles may be made tightly interconnected. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events taking place over large distances between locations, featuring similar characteristics, have been the focus of studies during the last decade. (mdpi.com)
  • Results indicate that the biomimetic material adopting chrome titanium yellow particles can simulate the solar spectrum reflection characteristics of yellow leaf because of the similar absorption and scattering characteristics. (springer.com)
  • The biomimetic material adopting iron oxide yellow particles cannot simulate the spectrum reflection characteristics of yellow leaf near the wavelength of 900 nm due to the characteristic absorption of the iron oxide. (springer.com)
  • Particle capture or collection by a respirator filter depends on the physical characteristics of the particle - shape, size and density. (cdc.gov)
  • However, these experiments have yet to fully involve more than 30 quantum particles, the threshold at which calculations become impossible on conventional computers. (sciencedaily.com)