Particle and chemistry. Medical search. Frequent questions

Single particle spectroscopy techniques have therefore become the standard for understanding how the energy of the localized surface plasmon of individual nanoparticles scales with small changes in the morphology. (acs.org)
This Perspective discusses how different single particle imaging and spectroscopy techniques together with electron microscopy can be applied to reveal the relationships between the plasmonic response and the morphology of individual nanoparticles as well as their assemblies. (acs.org)
Single-Particle Investigation of Plexcitons in Bimetallic Nanorods. (acs.org)
Controlled Overgrowth of Five-Fold Concave Nanoparticles into Plasmonic Nanostars and Their Single-Particle Scattering Properties. (acs.org)
Aerosol optical tweezers represent a complimentary tool to single-particle mass spectrometry, which Sullivan also uses to study individual atmospheric particles. (cmu.edu)
This study describes the use of electrodynamic balance photophoretic spectroscopy (EDB-PPS) for high-sensitivity and high-precision measurements of light absorption by a single particle. (copernicus.org)
Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy has enabled the structures of large proteins to be elucidated. (nature.com)
Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged over the last two decades as a technique capable of studying the structure of challenging systems. (nature.com)
Single-particle electron cryo-microscopy analysis of the mechanotransduction channel NOMPC reveals that it contains a bundle of four helical spring-shaped ankyrin repeat domains that undergo motion, potentially allowing mechanical movement of the cytoskeleton to be coupled to the opening of the channel. (nature.com)
Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) is often performed under the assumption that particles are not adsorbed to the air-water interfaces and in thin, vitreous ice. (nih.gov)
We also show that fiducial-less cryo-electron tomography on single particle grids may be used to determine ice thickness, optimal single particle collection areas and strategies, particle heterogeneity, and de novo models for template picking and single particle alignment. (nih.gov)

Within this tiny core was an emulsion that contained more secondary organic aerosol particles. (cmu.edu)
Reducing pollution from aerosol particles would improve air quality. (phys.org)
The extent to which aerosol particles affect the climate depends on how much water the particles can hold in the atmosphere. (phys.org)
The effect of nitric acid on aerosol particles in the atmosphere may offer an explanation for the smog seen engulfing cities on frosty days. (phys.org)

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2023 , 127 (29) , 14326-14335. (acs.org)

3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, United States. (nih.gov)

Positively charged beta particles are positrons and negatively charged beta particles are electrons . (environmentalchemistry.com)
However, because of electrical charge, caused by friction or due to anthropogenic negatively charged nano structured particle, emissions will travel up to the lower stratosphere and become neutralized at the electro sphere level, and they do also have a tendency to move to the Arctic. (scirp.org)
Atoms are not dense spheres but consist of smaller particles including the negatively charged electron. (visionlearning.com)

A simplistic particle-particle potential of mean force is adopted for the simulations, but we also invoke a more elaborate theoretical model, to demonstrate that similar interactions can be obtained when the grafted chains are treated explicitly. (lu.se)
We study the electrostatic and hydrodynamic interactions of colloidal particles in nonpolar solvents. (holoeye.com)
We find that the electrostatic interactions of these particles depend sensitively on surface composition as well as on the concentration and chemistry of the charge control agent. (holoeye.com)
In this project, depletion interactions induced by the presence of a fraction of small microgel particles in a suspension of large microgels (PNIPAM cross-linked with MBA) are studied. (lu.se)
Building on Mozumder's and Hatano's Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Consequences with Applications (CRC Press, 2004), Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Recent Advances, Applications, and Interfaces expands upon the scientific contents of the previous volume by covering state-of-the-art advances, novel applications, and future perspectives. (routledge.com)
It provides guided exploration of particle behavior as it relates to phase, molecular polarity, force interactions at the molecular level. (compadre.org)
Rheology of dense suspensions, electrostatic interactions in suspensions, Poisson-Boltzmann equation, molecular and particle simulations. (lu.se)
Interactions between colloidal particles can be modelled by particles grafted with polymers. (lu.se)
We could detect a non-monotonic temperature dependent aggregation of particles from attraction to repulsion to attraction, where the polymer-mediated interactions were repulsive. (lu.se)
phdthesis{ff456b77-1b1f-45e8-ba29-1ba15973124b, abstract = {{Interactions between colloidal particles can be modelled by particles grafted with polymers. (lu.se)

ACD scientist Jim Smith and postdoc Mike Lawler study the composition of small, recently formed particles in the atmosphere in order to understand what chemical compounds are responsible for particle growth. (ucar.edu)

Optical tweezers provide a movie that shows how the particle evolves and changes in response to what it encounters, simulating atmospheric chemistry. (cmu.edu)
The accurate characterization of these processes is one of the main open questions in atmospheric chemistry research and has been the focus of many recent studies (see Laskin et al. (copernicus.org)
Before Jonathan Williams discovered atmospheric chemistry, he had a problem: he was fascinated by so many things that he didn't know which scientific discipline to devote himself to. (mpg.de)
How does one learn more about the characteristics of the Martian atmospheric chemistry and climate system while seated 56 million plus kilometres away? (lu.se)
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. (lu.se)

alternatively, CCN may form via homogeneous nucleation, a process in which solid particles are formed directly out of the coagulation of gas phase molecules in the atmosphere. (ucar.edu)
Unlike receivers used in conventional concentrated solar power (CSP), power plants which employ molten salts as a heat transfer medium that is heated indirectly by flowing through the metal tubes that are exposed to the concentrated solar energy, particle receivers adopt solid particles which then can be heated either directly or indirectly, depending on the technology considered. (wikipedia.org)
Idea of using falling solid particles in a concentrated solar power facility to supply high temperature heat to the power cycle or chemical process was introduced in a pioneering work carried out by Martin and Vitko during the beginning of the 1980s at Sandia National Laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
Limit on the maximum temperature of molten salts used in the conventional solar tower power plants led to a workshop organized by United States Department of Energy (DOE) in August of 2016 which identified three possible pathways for the next generation CSP power plants based on the following heat transfer carriers: molten salts, solid particles, and gaseous fluids. (wikipedia.org)

The earth's atmosphere is full of airborne particles called aerosols. (cmu.edu)
Particles last in the atmosphere for days or even weeks. (cmu.edu)
Optical tweezers allow us to simulate the chemical evolution of particles much closer to what happens in the actual atmosphere. (cmu.edu)
For this work, they have developed a unique instrument called the Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer, or TDCIMS, to measure the composition of small (10-30 nm in diameter) particles in the atmosphere. (ucar.edu)
Light-absorbing organic atmospheric particles, termed brown carbon, undergo chemical and photochemical aging processes during their lifetime in the atmosphere. (copernicus.org)
Current research at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz aims at an integral understanding of chemical processes in the Earth system, particularly in the atmosphere and biosphere. (mpg.de)
The UFDRS-System together with the given nature's solutions can re-balance our atmosphere in a period of two years or a little bit longer due to extension of the lifespan of a particle in the stratosphere. (scirp.org)
Before I will elaborate on the thesis that nano particles are the main cause of climate shifts, we will discuss the contemporary consensus that we have global climate-change with an expectation that we will face at least 3 degrees Celsius overall warming caused by increases in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and, show that in some respect, the reasoning about global change can be improved. (scirp.org)
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE. (bvsalud.org)
Substances like biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), the various nitrogen oxides, carbonaceous particles, ozone or methane act in the atmosphere either directly as greenhouse gases and aerosols, or as key precursors for greenhouse gases and secondary organic aerosol. (lu.se)

By allowing photons to interact with these shaken atoms, the team has created what they call "Floquet polaritons"-quasi-particles which are part-light and part-atom, and unlike regular photons, interact with each other quite strongly. (uchicago.edu)
a charged particle emitted from the nucleus of some atoms as part of those atoms' radioactive decay. (environmentalchemistry.com)
It also examines the Schrödinger equation and study how it describes the behavior of very light particles, the quantum description of rotating and vibrating molecules is compared to the classical description, and the quantum description of the electronic structure of atoms is studied. (cosmolearning.org)
The conversation also touches on the concept of counting particles, such as atoms, molecules, and ions, and how it relates to the concept of counting physical objects, like cars. (physicsforums.com)
Particles mean atoms, molecules, ions. (physicsforums.com)
x particles = x atoms x particles = x molecules x particles = x ions 'x' = 'the number of' It's as simple as that. (physicsforums.com)
Did you know that for 100 years scientists believed that atoms were the smallest particles that existed? (visionlearning.com)
It took many scientists and numerous experiments to show that atoms were made up of smaller particles with very different properties. (visionlearning.com)
By the late 1800's, John Dalton's view of atoms as the smallest particles that made up all matter had held sway for about 100 years, but that idea was about to be challenged. (visionlearning.com)
Several scientists working on atomic models found that atoms were not the smallest possible particles that made up matter, and that different parts of the atom had very distinct characteristics. (visionlearning.com)

In this study, we performed fiducial-less tomography on over 50 different cryoEM grid/sample preparations to determine the particle distribution within the ice and the overall geometry of the ice in grid holes. (nih.gov)

Hypothesis: Colloidal particles that interact via a long-ranged repulsive barrier in combination with a very short-ranged attractive minimum can "polymerize" to form highly anisotropic structures. (lu.se)
Microgels are responsive cross-linked colloidal particles with a polymeric network structure, which undergo solvation changes in response to the application of an external stimulus such as temperature, pH or electrolyte concentration. (lu.se)

Magnetic particle spectroscopy offers new eyes for surface chemistry! (fau.eu)
Three groups of the CRC1411 have joined forces for a unique analytical perspective on magnetic particle agglomeration combining magnetic particle particle spectroscopy (MPS), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). (fau.eu)

They are the fine dust and nano structured particles that cause the shifts of the climate in cells, as demonstrated in this article and results i.e. in more thunder and lightning, extreme weather, distinct droughts and precipitation patterns. (scirp.org)
The causes underlying these shifts are nano structured particles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, especially largely produced and remain in the temperate climate northern hemisphere cell and get dispersed by jet streams and low and high pressure areas. (scirp.org)
The present problem is that we produce huge amounts of air borne nano structured particles from combustion processes that never exist before. (scirp.org)
The only nano particles known in nature are those who are limited produced from volcano eruptions and natural forest fires. (scirp.org)
A novel ultra-fine dust electric reduction device (UFDRS-System), created by the author, diminishs to a size of less than 10 nano particles in diameter and thus prevents major electrical drift of nano structured particulates in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and contributes largely in purifying the air and thus reduces the effects of climate shifts. (scirp.org)
In this article, I will show that carbon dioxide is not the driver, but a (useful) indicator of fossil burning and production processes that create nano sized particles (and particulate matter) which do affect climate shifts via coagulation and nucleation. (scirp.org)
Understanding exposure, hazard identification, and human health effects: how ultrafine /nano particle toxicology influenced occupational safety and health. (cdc.gov)
Journeay and Goldman's observations underscore the importance of prudent action, to have hazard and risk analysis, communication, and management practices keep pace with the well-established move in materials chemistry to the nano scale. (cdc.gov)

Several group VIII transition metal (Fe, Co, and Ni) nitrides are studied as core materials, with Ir/Fe 4 N core-shell particles showing enhancement in both OER activity and stability. (osti.gov)

Over a 75-year period beginning in the first part of the 19th century, two subatomic particles were discovered: the electron and the nucleus. (visionlearning.com)

We apply this technique to suspensions of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles in hexadecane with soluble charge control agents, aerosol sodium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT) and polyisobutylene succinimide (OLOA-1200). (holoeye.com)

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2019 , 10 (18) , 5372-5380. (acs.org)

The observation of solid nitric acid hydrate particles downwind of the mountains shows that such mesoscale events can generate solid PSC particles that can persist on the synoptic scale. (dlr.de)

This course provides an introduction to quantum mechanics and principles of quantum chemistry with applications to nuclear motions and the electronic structure of the hydrogen atom. (cosmolearning.org)

In the air, these particles play a significant role in climate and, when inhaled, can cause serious health problems. (cmu.edu)
An important process through which atmospheric particles exert an influence on regional and global climate is the absorption of solar radiation. (utoronto.ca)
The role these particles play in the global radiative balance and in the climate system is still uncertain. (copernicus.org)
Carbon dioxide does not trigger the climate shifts, but is an indicator of exhaust of combustion processes that emit very small particles which drive these climate shifts. (scirp.org)
Trace gas emission modelling is not only important for future chemistry-climate and chemistry-climate-feedback studies. (lu.se)

While sea salt and dust are thought to be the main components of larger particles in clean marine air, the composition of nanometer-sized particles is still an open question. (ucar.edu)
Studies have indicated that low solubility nanoparticles are more toxic than larger particles on a mass for mass basis. (cdc.gov)

We conclude from our study that the CNS can be targeted by airborne solid ultrafine particles and that the most likely mechanism is from deposits on the olfactory mucosa of the nasopha- ryngeal region of the respiratory tract and subsequent translocation via the olfactory nerve. (cdc.gov)

Optical tweezers take advantage of the small forces exerted by light to trap and gently manipulate small particles or droplets. (cmu.edu)

Aerosol size distributions made at the site showed evidence for what researchers had previously termed 'open ocean nucleation' events, during which there were large increases in particle number at small sizes, around 10-70 nm (Fig. 2). (ucar.edu)
The particle size distributions of the particles produced due to these reactions has been obtained. (syr.edu)
The book first explores the latest studies on primary processes (the physical stage), particularly on the energy deposition spectra and oscillator strength distributions of molecules interacting with charged particles and photons. (routledge.com)

The discovery that small organic molecules are excellent catalysts makes Ben List, Director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, one of the pioneers of a new research field in chemistry. (mpg.de)

The results outline the potential of MPS as "fast and easy" method to investigate nanoparticle surface chemistry. (fau.eu)

This emulsified state of secondary organic aerosols has implications for the particles' behavior that we hadn't even considered," said Sullivan. (cmu.edu)

The effects of particulate matter on health and the environment are dictated by the composition and properties of these complex particles, which makes understanding how they chemically evolve critical. (cmu.edu)
The Model 8000A particle counter is a digital 8-channel particle counter for use in batch or online particulate contamination analysis. (chem-rg.com)
100 nm) are ubiquitous in ambient urban and indoor air from multiple sources and may contribute to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects of particulate matter (PM). Depending on their particle size, inhaled UFP are efficiently deposited in nasal, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions due to diffusion. (cdc.gov)

Here, we utilize in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy measurements to examine the processes of Pt and CeO 2 sintering in model catalytic materials consisting of Pt on isolated CeO 2 particles and Pt on aggregated CeO 2 particles with varying grain boundary alignment. (rsc.org)

Nature Research congratulates the awardees of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson. (nature.com)
Benjamin List, Director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung is honoured with the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on asymmetric catalysis. (mpg.de)

All of the water droplets within clouds were formed by condensation of water onto initial seed particles called cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), or ice nuclei (IN) in the case of ice clouds. (ucar.edu)
Knowing what conditions and compounds are necessary for particles to grow is a step towards estimating how important nucleation is for cloud formation. (ucar.edu)
Equally important is to account for past environments so as to improve Holocene calculations of terrestrial emissions which have an effect on, e.g., the atmosphere's level of oxidants and thus methane lifetime and concentration, the preindustrial burden of O 3 and hence its present anthropogenic radiative forcing, as well as estimates of the continental pristine SOA particle concentrations which affect cloud physics. (lu.se)

According to the details of the case presented by Journeay and Goldman: "A 26-year-old female chemist formulated polymers and coatings usually using silver ink particles. (cdc.gov)

As no one had previously studied secondary organic aerosols using optical tweezers, we weren't aware that it could form a colloid of tiny liquid-like particles suspended in a droplet. (cmu.edu)

CeO 2 particle aggregation is observed to occur most facilely at particle contacts with well aligned grain boundaries and in turn these contacts serve as locations of the most significant Pt sintering. (rsc.org)

In this study, a transient continuum-based model is developed for the first time to investigate the electrokinetic particle translocation through a nanopore by solving the Nernst-Planck equations for the ionic concentrations, the Poisson equation for the electric potential and the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow field using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian ( ALE ) method. (rsc.org)
It is also found that the initial orientation of the particle could significantly affect the particle translocation and the ionic current through a nanopore. (rsc.org)

An important criterion is that the particle size is large enough to admit structural analyses via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). (lu.se)
Furthermore, by ensuring that the ionic strength is very low, with a Debye length similar to the particle size, we could use temperature to control the hydrophobicity of the grafted PEG layer, and thus the strength of the short-ranged attraction. (lu.se)
Some evidence suggests that there is a large component of mixed sulfate-organic aerosol in this size range, implying that the particles were nucleated and grown from gas phase sulfuric acid and organic compounds. (ucar.edu)
Previous studies showing that smaller low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size is associated with greater atherosclerotic risk did not adequately control for small and large LDL particle correlation. (nih.gov)
Particle size distribution data displays in tabular format or graphic format. (chem-rg.com)
The goal for this analysis was to determine the particle size distribution of a new lot of DVB resin. (jordilabs.com)
An important criterion in these studies is that the particle size is large enough to allow structural analyses via microscopy. (lu.se)
Root morphology and exudate availability are shaped by particle size and chemistry in Brachypodium distachyon . (bvsalud.org)

Particle surface area and surface chemistry are strong indicators for observed responses in cell cultures and animals. (cdc.gov)

These conditions include a very low ionic strength (the particles are weakly charged), a relatively high temperature, and a low particle concentration. (lu.se)
These tests resulted in receiver thermal efficiency of around 50% and maximum temperature increase of the particles of around 250°C. More comprehensive tests were carried out in 2015 using a 1 MWth receiver having a 1 by 1 meter aperture through which concentrated sun radiation enters the cavity. (wikipedia.org)
Receiver thermal efficiency ranged from 50% to 80% and temperature of the particles at the bottom of receiver reached 700°C in some cases. (wikipedia.org)
We then investigate the phase diagram and determine the structural and dynamic properties of the system as a function of temperature, mixing ratio and volume fractions of small and large particles. (lu.se)
Time Resolved Study on Nonhomogeneous Chemistry Induced by Ionizing Radiation with Low LET in Water and Polar Solvents at Room Temperature. (routledge.com)
Radiation Chemistry of High Temperature and Supercritical Water and Alcohols. (routledge.com)

As these particles travel in the air, they encounter and react with other chemicals such as secondary organic aerosol, evolving into a chemically complex goop. (cmu.edu)
Three classes of particles contribute most of the absorption: black carbon (BC), absorbing organic carbon (aka "brown" carbon, or BrC) and dust. (utoronto.ca)
The TDCIMS observations, combined with observations of particle hygroscopicity by colleagues at the University of Manchester, UK, indicate that these events likely result from the condensation of organic vapors onto existing sea salt particles. (ucar.edu)

The ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics (CDMPP) is dedicated to this question. (edu.au)
This experiment will hunt for a candidate type of particle known as WIMPs (Weakly-Interacting Massive Particles), and will be located around 1,000 metres below ground in the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory ( SUPL ) in western Victoria. (edu.au)
In our recent work - a collaboration between CSSM, the Adelaide node of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics and Jefferson Laboratory - we study the potential effects a dark photon could have on the interpretation of existing experimental results from the deep inelastic scattering process. (edu.au)
The Standard Model summarizes the current knowledge in Particle Physics. (compadre.org)
This is a collection of field-tested activities designed to integrate high school biology, chemistry, and physics. (compadre.org)
Continued as: Advances in the physics of particles and nuclei. (lu.se)

At certain times in the year, more soot particles reach the Amazon rainforest from bush fires in Africa than from regional fires. (mpg.de)

We could also investigate the eﬀect of polymer addition to the particle dispersions. (lu.se)

He then exposes the droplet to different types of gases and particles and measures data each second as the droplet's composition evolves over the course of a day, or even days. (cmu.edu)
The field studies, in wintertime Fresno and summertime Fontana, CA, provide context for understanding seasonal and regional differences in how sources and chemical processing impact the relationship between particle composition and absorptivity. (utoronto.ca)

Linalool ozone reactions were conducted in two stainless steel chambers (100L and 54 m3) and the gas and particle phase chemistry have been studied. (syr.edu)
It was concluded that the concentration of linalool and the concentration of ozone play a vital role in the formation and growth of particles. (syr.edu)

Radiation Chemistry and Photochemistry of Ionic Liquids. (routledge.com)

pH is important to many chemical processes that we can study directly using optical tweezers, including aerosol particle structure, its chemical reactivity and evolution, and even protein folding," said Sullivan. (cmu.edu)
Radiation Chemistry of Resist Materials and Processes in Lithography. (routledge.com)

We characterize the effective interaction potential U SS (r), U LL (r), and U SL (r) between the particles, where the subscripts S and L stand for small and large particles, respectively, from measurements of the pair correlation functions g(r) combined with computer simulations. (lu.se)

For example, a gas given off by pine trees could be oxidized and then encounter other gases and particles from car exhaust, fossil fuel burning or even a forest fire. (cmu.edu)
Since air pollution consists of many types of particles as well as of various gases, researchers are investigating which pollutants are worst and whom they are most likely to hurt. (sciencenews.org)

With the aid of a particle accelerator, scientists are bringing back ghosts from the past, revealing portraits hidden underneath the tarnished surface of two roughly 150-year-old silver photographic plates. (sciencenews.org)
Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. (stackexchange.com)
In work published July 3 in the journal Nature , University of Chicago researchers challenged this paradigm by shaking electrons with lasers to create "doppelganger" features at new energies-a breakthrough that lets scientists create hybrid particles which are part-atom and part-light, with a wide variety of new behaviors. (uchicago.edu)
Edited by preeminent scientists and with contributions from an esteemed group of international experts, this volume advances the field by offering greater insight into how charged particles and photons interact with matter. (routledge.com)

A portrait of the director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung and 2021 Nobel laureate in chemistry. (mpg.de)

As particles are moved into the nucleus or the electron orbits, the simulation automatically displays mass number, atomic symbol, name of element, and net charge. (compadre.org)

Lecture 10: Particles on Rings and Spheres. (cosmolearning.org)

Anatomy13

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs94

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations22

Technology, Industry, Agriculture25

Humanities3

Information Science4

Health Care9

Single particle11

Aerosol particles4

20231

Department of Chemis1

Negatively charged3

Interactions10

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Atmospheric chemistry5

Solid particles4

Atmosphere10

Atoms10

Determine the particle distribution1

Colloidal2

Spectroscopy2

Nano8

Core-shell particles1

19th century1

Suspensions1

20191

Nitric acid1

Quantum1

Climate5

Larger particles2

Ultrafine1

Small particles1

Distributions3

Molecules1

Nanoparticle1

Behavior1

Particulate3

Electron microscopy1

Nobel Prize in2

Cloud3

Polymers1

Aerosols1

Aggregation1

Translocation2

Size8

Surface Chemistry1

Temperature6

Organic3

Physics6

Soot1

Dispersions1

Composition2

Ozone2

Ionic1

Processes2

Simulations1

Gases2

Scientists4

20211

Nucleus1

Spheres1