• SPR720 (pVXc-486) is an oral prodrug of a dual inhibitor of the bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV ATPase catalytic domains, GyrB and ParE. (drughunter.com)
  • Like other fluoroquinolone anti-infectives, ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA synthesis in susceptible organisms via inhibition of the enzymatic activities of 2 members of the DNA topoisomerase class of enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV have distinct essential roles in bacterial DNA replication. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Although all fluoroquinolones generally are active against both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, the drugs differ in their relative activities against these enzymes. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • The enzymatic differences between E.coli gyrase and topoisomerase IV are largely due to the GyrA C-terminal domain (approximately residues 524-841) and specifically the GyrA-box (PubMed:8962066, PubMed:16332690). (wuxibiortus.com)
  • The fifteen enrofloxacin resistant strains were selected for the PCR to detect the genes gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE, and genetic sequencing to identify mutations in these genes. (scielo.br)
  • None of the 15 strains had mutations in the gyrB and parE genes, and none had more than one mutation in the gyrA gene or the other genes. (scielo.br)
  • Nenhuma das 15 estirpes apresentou mutações nos genes gyrB e parE e nenhuma apresentou mais de uma mutação no gene gyrA ou nos outros genes. (scielo.br)
  • Mutagenesis in the alpha3alpha4 GyrA helix and in the Toprim domain of GyrB refines the contribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase to intrinsic resistance to quinolones. (omicsdi.org)
  • Molecular cloning of the gyrA and gyrB genes of Bacteroides fragilis encoding DNA gyrase. (omicsdi.org)
  • On the basis of the sequence information, we performed DNA amplification for sequencing and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to examine the presumed quinolone resistance regions of gyrA and gyrB from reference strains (n = 4) and clinical isolates (n = 55). (omicsdi.org)
  • DNA gyrase is a tetramer composed of 2 GyrA and 2 GyrB subunits. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • ParC is homologous to GyrA and ParE is homologous to GyrB. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • DNA gyrase is made from two A and B fragments, these fragments encoded through the gyrA and gyrB genes 4 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • Which have ability to interfered with the bacterial DNA gyrase, it has bactericidal activity with a wide spectrum in opposition to Gram positive and Gram-negative microorganism 2 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • In type II topoisomerases, ATPases are located either on the N-terminus (type IIA) or the B subunit (type IIB). (excedr.com)
  • Funciton: Topoisomerase IV subunit B (EC 5.99.1. (lbl.gov)
  • Resistance mutations in Ng map to the N-terminal cone domain of the α subunit, which we show here is involved in forming an inhibited α 4 β 4 state in the presence of the β subunit and allosteric effector dATP. (elifesciences.org)
  • As a leader in the field of aminoglycoside resistance Shaw was involved in the cloning of numerous novel aminoglycoside resistance genes, leading to the development of over 20 DNA diagnostic probes for evaluating aminoglycoside resistance in clinical isolates. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1). Ciprofloxacin-resistant strains isolated from patients bination with viridans streptococci (4 strains) at the topoi- with community-acquired respiratory tract infections have somerase II genes. (cdc.gov)
  • The genes encoding the DNA gyrase A and B subunits of Bacteroides fragilis were cloned and sequenced. (omicsdi.org)
  • Specific primers sequences for detection of Topoisomerase II (gyrA) genes were used by conventional PCR then, PCR product were treated with Sac II enzyme at 37°C for 2 h, then restriction bands were recovered by gel electrophoresis. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • The current venture, were made to demonstrate Topoisomerase II genes (GyrA mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that could be responsible for molecular mechanism of Ciprofloxacin resistance. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • Fluoroquinolone resistance is mediated by mutations within the quinolone-resistance figuring out area (QRDR) of the topoisomerase genes. (cellexusinc.com)
  • This makes better substrates for topoisomerase 4 (ParC and ParE) which is the main enzyme that unlinks newly replicated chromosomes in E.coli (PubMed:9334322). (wuxibiortus.com)
  • Gyrase catalyzes the interconversion of other topological isomers of double-stranded DNA rings, including catenanes (PubMed:22457352). (wuxibiortus.com)
  • It mainly facilitates the interconversion forms (also known as topological changes) of relaxed and supercoiled DNA, knotting and unknotting DNA, and linked (catenate) and unlinked (decatenate) species. (excedr.com)
  • Naturally, the topological changes occur either due to intertwining in the helical structure of DNA or linking/tangling of the DNA helix during genome replication. (excedr.com)
  • Quinolones has the ability to sort kind two topoisomerases, which can be crucial compounds in arrange the topological condition of DNA via its replication and transcription. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • The mechanism by which ciprofloxacin's inhibition of DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV results in death in susceptible organisms has not been fully determined. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Several researches have been exhibited that mutations imparting fluoroquinolone resistance in P. aeruginosa may attributed to amendment in DNA gyrase, hypothesizing that faded sensitivity to fluoroquinolone result from inhibition of DNA supercoiling in resistant isolates of Gram-negative pathogens and alteration in gyrA consider leading causes in this resistance 7 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • To analyze the role of DNA gyrase in quinolone resistance of B. fragilis, we isolated mutant strains by stepwise selection for resistance to increasing concentrations of levofloxacin. (omicsdi.org)
  • As Senior Vice President of Biology at Trius Therapeutics, Inc. her work was critical to the development of the oxazolidinone antibiotic tedizolid phosphate (Sivextro) as well as the discovery of the TriBE inhibitors, a novel class of DNA gyrase/Topoisomerase IV antibacterial agents that target both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Novel DNA Gyrase inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein inhibitors interfere with the DNA binding ability of the enzyme or stabilize the cleavage complex. (excedr.com)
  • Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)
  • Among the 17 species isolated from humans, 4 types of organisms are of major concern. (medscape.com)
  • Some chemical compounds can inhibit the functional roles of topoisomerases in organisms. (excedr.com)
  • According to MLST and PFGE analysis, these isolates were separated into 4 and 28 genotypes, respectively. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). (researchsquare.com)
  • Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the DNA gyrase gyrA gene from Serratia marcescens and characterization of mutations in gyrA of quinolone-resistant clinical isolates. (omicsdi.org)
  • DNA gyrase mutations are a major cause of quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis We therefore conducted the first comprehensive study to determine the diversity of gyrase mutations in pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) (n = 71) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (n = 30) Thai clinical tuberculosis (TB) isolates. (omicsdi.org)
  • Among MDR isolates, the additional resistance to pyrazinamide, amikacin, and linezolid was detected in 15(23.4%), 4(2.6%) and 1(1.56%) isolates respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Topoisomerase (DNA topoisomerases) is an enzyme that catalyzes the changes in the intertwined state of two DNA strands. (excedr.com)
  • However, they are corrected by the enzyme topoisomerase. (excedr.com)
  • The enzyme works by breaking the phosphodiester bond present in the backbone of the two DNA strands. (excedr.com)
  • However, the broken bonds in the DNA molecules reform as soon as the topoisomerase enzyme leaves the strands. (excedr.com)
  • Also known as DNA topoisomerase I. This enzyme cuts the single strand of the DNA double helix and does not require ATP to perform the DNA cleavage. (excedr.com)
  • The only enzyme that introduces the positive supercoiling in DNA is a reverse gyrase enzyme, which is coupled with a helicase found in archaea and is a type IA topoisomerase. (excedr.com)
  • It's an ATP-dependent enzyme that cuts both the strands of the DNA substrate. (excedr.com)
  • The topo enzyme contains a tyrosine residue in its active site which catalyzes DNA strand breaks (DNA cleavage) by forming a covalent bond with the phosphate group of DNA. (excedr.com)
  • Another DNA double helix passes through the DNA breaks, and the topoisomerase enzyme changes its conformation, which requires ATP hydrolysis. (excedr.com)
  • The sequence of the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 was determined. (omicsdi.org)
  • The gene is related to Thrombocytopenia 4. (cellexusinc.com)
  • Relative fold change in gene expression was then com pared involving H1650 ER1 and H1650 or H1650 ER1 spheroids, adherent cells and H1650 ER1 cells making use of Ct process of quantitation. (micrornalibrary.com)
  • Increased fluoroquinolone use correlates with an increase in the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance (4,6). (cdc.gov)
  • Susceptibility tests, performed initially by the a patient who had received long-term ciprofloxacin thera- agar-dilution method, selected 85 strains (one isolate per py to treat persistent bronchiectasis with Pseudomonas patient) with ciprofloxacin MIC 4 µg/mL. (cdc.gov)
  • In mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs, significant toxicity (including tonic/clonic convulsions) was observed with IV ciprofloxacin doses between 125 and 300 mg/kg. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • If left uncorrected, these issues can hinder cell division, DNA replication, and transcription (by preventing DNA and RNA polymerase enzymes from continuing along the helix) processes. (excedr.com)
  • DNA topo I work on the principle of the strand-passage mechanism. (excedr.com)
  • An illustration of the working mechanism of type I topoisomerase. (excedr.com)
  • DNA topo II action mechanism involves ATP hydrolysis. (excedr.com)
  • Among 14 low-level resistant (MIC 4-8 µg/mL) strains, 1 sputum samples that were collected from centers in 26 had a fluoroquinolone efflux phenotype, and 13 showed countries. (cdc.gov)
  • The interesting activities of a subset of 4-hydoxy-2-pyridones provided the impetus for synthesis of additional chemotypes with this core ( Figure 1 ) and their evaluation for effectiveness against additional pathogenic strains including Ng and N. meningitidis (Nm ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In this article, we will review how topoisomerase works, its application in lab assays, and the industrial areas involving the use of these enzymes. (excedr.com)
  • Compared with LUMA or LINE-1, Alu, and LTR-based assays, MethylFlash™ experience straight quantifies exact worldwide DNA methylation. (cellexusinc.com)
  • One option is to control the formation and repair of the meiosis‐specific DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination between the homologous chromosomes and ultimately lead to crossovers. (firebaseapp.com)
  • There are three types: type IIa (examples are DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and human topoisomerase IIɑ and II𝛃), Type IIb, and Type IIC. (excedr.com)
  • Shigella is one of the major pathogens that causes diarrheal diseases in humans and animals.1,2 Since the first highly toxigenic species, Shigella dysenteriae, was isolated in 1898,3 four species has been described in Shigella genus, and each subgroup can be divided into multiple subtypes according to biochemical and serological properties. (researchsquare.com)
  • DNA gyrase introduces negative superhelical twists in DNA, an activity important for initiation of DNA replication. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Similar topoisomerase activity was observed by James Champoux and Renato Dulbecco in eukaryotic cells. (excedr.com)
  • DNA gyrase is the main target of the FQs. (omicsdi.org)
  • These all enzymes catalyze negative supercoiling in DNA. (excedr.com)
  • to evaluate the efficiency of the standard influenzae may produce various clinical phenotypic identification by comparing Capsular typing syndromes including meningitis [4]. (who.int)
  • Dodge has pared down its line-up of the 2020 Grand Caravan to six from eight - CVP, SXT, SXT Premium Plus, Crew, Crew Plus and GT - otherwise leaving its iconic minivan carried over Russian space program in 2020. (indri.fr)
  • An illustration of different types of topoisomerase. (excedr.com)
  • Different types of topoisomerases have different action mechanisms based on their structure. (excedr.com)
  • This breaks the 5′-phospho-tyrinosyl protein-DNA bond and relegates two DNA strands. (excedr.com)
  • Seventy-four infants screened positive, with a median C8 level of 0.68 uM (range 0.33-30.41 uM). (a-inhibitor.com)
  • The treatment of tuberculosis involves a complex procedure requiring the administration of a panel of at least four antimicrobial drugs for the duration of six months. (bvsalud.org)
  • Topoisomerases are assuming crucial elements of DNA metabolism 5 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are DNA elements that serve to compartmentalize the chromatin into structural and functional domains. (researchgate.net)
  • 9, 2020) - A United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket carrying Solar Orbiter, an international cooperative mission between the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA, lifted off from Space Launch Complex-41on Feb. 4 meters long, weighed 4. (indri.fr)