OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsInformation ScienceGeographicals
Onchocerca volvulusOnchocercaOnchocerciasisSimuliidaeIvermectinIntestinal VolvulusMicrofilariaOnchocerciasis, OcularAntigens, HelminthFilaricidesDNA, HelminthAntibodies, HelminthMansonelliasisLoaHelminth ProteinsCameroonSkin Diseases, ParasiticFilarioideaAntiparasitic AgentsAnthelminticsDiethylcarbamazineDipetalonemaMansonellaParasitesWolbachiaLoiasisGuatemalaTogoEcuadorAntinematodal AgentsLiberiaKeratitisFilariasisBrugia malayiEncyclopedias as Topic
SimuliumIvermectinRiver blindnessNematode Onchocerca volvulusWuchereriaNematodesInfectionBrugiaFilarial parasitesMicrofilariaeLarvaeEndemicStrainsOnchocerciasis dueHelminthic parasitesSpeciesMalaria ParasitesTrypanosomaHumansInfectionsIntestinal parasitesAfricaTypes of parasitesPolymerase Chain ReExtracellularOrganismOrganismsHumanHigher incidenceTrichinellaMulticellularWolbachiaDiseaseLarvaProteinClinicalProtozoaParasitologyExposureHostFliesCausativeProteinsResponsesMosquitoesTransmissionGeneSkinResistanceEntity
Simulium10
  • Onchocerciasis is caused by infection from the nematode Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by the Simulium black fly. (medscape.com)
  • Third stage larvae of Onchocerca in the proboscis of the Simulium black fly. (medscape.com)
  • The parasites are transmitted by repeated bites of blackflies belonging to the biological group Simulium . (nri.org)
  • The parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of a blackfly of the genus Simulium. (openlinksw.com)
  • Adult black fly ( Simulium yahense ) with ( Onchocerca volvulus ) emerging from the insect's antenna. (en-academic.com)
  • Author summaryOnchocerciasis, a disease caused by the helminth parasite Onchocerca volvulus, is transmitted by the bites of female Simulium blackflies. (worktribe.com)
  • Onchocerciasis (also known as `river blindness'), is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the (Simulium-transmitted) filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus. (worktribe.com)
  • Onchocerciasis - or "river blindness" - is a parasitic disease caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by repeated bites of infected blackflies (Simulium spp. (who.int)
  • In the Caribbean islands Culicoides spp cause transmission and dissemination of the parasite, while in Brazil it is transmitted during the blood meal of hematophagous diptera from the genus Simulium spp (Shelley et al. (bvsalud.org)
  • This disease is caused by the filarial parasitic nematode Onchocerca volvulus , which is transmitted by the blackfly vector Simulium , which carries third-stage larvae. (medscape.com)
Ivermectin7
River blindness7
  • Onchocerca volvulus is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that causes onchocerciasis (river blindness), and is the second-leading cause of blindness due to infection worldwide after trachoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Onchocerciasis, commonly known as river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus . (nri.org)
  • Loa loa is a member of the filarial nematode (roundworm) family, which also includes worms that cause river blindness ( Onchocerca volvulus ) and elephantiasis ( Wuchereria bancrofti ). (broadinstitute.org)
  • In areas where Loa loa is endemic, particularly West Africa, people are often also infected with Onchocerca , the roundworm behind river blindness. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Onchocerciasis (pronounced /ˈɒŋkɵsɜrˈsaɪ.əsɨs/ or /ˈɒŋkɵsɜrˈkaɪ.əsɨs/), also known as river blindness and Robles' Disease, is a parasitic disease caused by infection with the nematode Onchocerca volvulus. (openlinksw.com)
  • The parasite is responsible for the disease known as river blindness in Africa. (en-academic.com)
  • U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) researchers have developed a new PCR assay to detect Onchocerca volvulus, the parasite that causes onchocerciasis, or river blindness, and are working to adapt it for easier field diagnosis of the disease. (labpulse.com)
Nematode Onchocerca volvulus1
  • Two highly similar genes encoding unique extracellular, glycosylated glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of the human-pathogenic nematode, Onchocerca volvulus (Ov-GST1a and Ov-GST1b), have been isolated and characterised. (aber.ac.uk)
Wuchereria2
Nematodes3
  • Humans do not appear to develop significant protective immunity to intestinal nematodes, although the mechanisms of parasite immune evasion and host immune responses to these infections have not been elucidated in detail. (medscape.com)
  • This further demonstrates the potential of C. elegans as a host for expression of candidate vaccine antigens from O. volvulus and affirms the role of C. elegans as a model for parasitic nematodes. (aber.ac.uk)
  • The adult worms pair and mate in the human host, and, unlike most nematodes that produce eggs, the female Onchocerca gives birth daily to thousands of microscopic larvae known as microfilariae. (medscape.com)
Infection9
  • An estimated 187 million people are at risk of O. volvulus infection, with 17-25 million people infected and 0.8 million showing some impairment of vision. (wikipedia.org)
  • In highly endemic areas, O volvulus infection is acquired early in life, and over 90% of inhabitants may be infected by age 20 years. (medscape.com)
  • Most clinical manifestations associated with O volvulus infection are related to the chronic effects of repeated episodes of inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Reflecting on the practicality of the approach, she noted: 'This is much less invasive and costly than testing for infection in humans, which involves taking blood samples or small "skin snip" samples to check for parasites in patients, which can be a painful procedure. (nri.org)
  • My research activities currently involve extensive epidemiological field data and sample collection from five regions of Ghana and novel molecular techniques for the identification of the vector species, parasite infection and previous host bloodmeal species. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Onchocerciasis is caused by infection with a parasite Onchocerca volvulus. (samoutou.com)
  • BackgroundIn onchocerciasis endemic areas in Africa, heterogenous biting rates by blackfly vectors on humans are assumed to partially explain age- and sex-dependent infection patterns with Onchocerca volvulus. (worktribe.com)
  • This suggests that both proteins may be important for establishment of parasite infection of the intestine and are prophylactic vaccine candidates. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. (who.int)
Brugia1
  • Adult and embryonic Brugia malayi are shown to be susceptible to inhibitors of vertebrate prolyl 4-hydroxylase, with exposed parasites exhibiting pathologies consistent with a disruption in cuticle biosynthesis. (embl.de)
Filarial parasites2
  • Pathogenic filarial parasites affect the lives of millions of people, especially those living in tropical countries, and may cause significant dermatologic manifestations. (medscape.com)
  • There is a pressing need for new drugs against filarial parasites, such as B. malayi . (biomedcentral.com)
Microfilariae5
  • The microfilariae of O. volvulus are found in the dermis layer of skin in the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • The microfilariae are taken up by a female blackfly when it takes a blood meal, thus completing the lifecycle of O. volvulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lifecycle begins when a black fly ingests larva or microfilariae of O volvulus from the skin of an infected human host. (medscape.com)
  • Man blinded by microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. (medscape.com)
  • There seems to be cross-reactivity between the Onchocerca antigen Ov39 and the retinal antigen hr44, which can explain the chorioretinitis seen in some humans despite proper treatment and evidence of decreased microfilariae in their blood. (medscape.com)
Larvae1
  • Identifying the sex of adults as either male or female was covered - an important aspect as only female flies bite people and therefore spread the parasite - as were practical sessions on dissection of adults and larvae. (nri.org)
Endemic2
  • The WHO estimates that at least 12-15 years of annual treatment are required in high and moderate endemic areas to eliminate transmission, corresponding to the lifespan of the adult Onchocerca volvulus . (nri.org)
  • Mike Miller] The onchorcerciasis parasite is endemic in a lot of areas globally. (cdc.gov)
Strains3
  • Evidence also indicates that differences seen in the severe and mild strains of O volvulus relate to the amount of Wolbachia symbiote found in the different strains. (medscape.com)
  • The occurrence of `blinding' (savannah) and non-blinding (forest) parasite strains and. (worktribe.com)
  • Strains of O volvulus that carry Wolbachia DNA are associated with a higher incidence of ocular disease. (medscape.com)
Onchocerciasis due2
  • STROMECTOL is indicated for the treatment of intestinal (i.e., nondisseminated) strongyloidiasis due to the nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis and for the treatment of onchocerciasis due to the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus . (yahoo.com)
  • No cases of onchocerciasis due to O volvulus have been reported in the United States. (medscape.com)
Helminthic parasites2
  • The helminthic parasites (simply worms) are divided into two categories, which correspond to the site of activity in the donor's body. (parazitiintestinali.com)
  • Because most helminthic parasites do not self-replicate, the acquisition of a heavy burden of adult worms requires repeated exposure to the parasite in its infectious stage, whether larva or egg. (medscape.com)
Species7
  • Filarial worms of the genus Dirofilaria and zoonotic Onchocerca species, normally parasitic in animals, occasionally enter a human host and undergo partial or aberrant development. (medscape.com)
  • The four species of malaria parasites infective to humans are Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium malariae , Plasmodium vivax & Plasmodium ovale . (en-academic.com)
  • In fisheries biology , for example, parasite communities can be used to distinguish distinct populations of the same fish species co-inhabiting a region. (en-academic.com)
  • I say organisms because many parasites exploit several host species during different stages of their life cycle. (blogspot.com)
  • There are about 100 varieties of intestinal parasites, and there are a couple of dozen species for each section of the intestine. (parazitiintestinali.com)
  • 5) Were the species on the ark all "good" species (as originally created by God) or had some of them evolved into parasites like O. volvulus and black flies by the time of the flood? (blogspot.com)
  • The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoan parasites from more than 20 Leishmania species. (who.int)
Malaria Parasites1
  • Malaria parasites in eastern Africa have developed resistance to artemisinins, essential first-line drugs used in combination therapies, jeopardizing the progress made in recent decades against the disease. (labpulse.com)
Trypanosoma1
  • The TWiP triumvirate solve the case of the Thai Woman with Facial Swelling, and explain how Th17 T cells protect against the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . (libsyn.com)
Humans3
  • In a third category, the parasites may spend a part of their life cycle in the soil before becoming infective to humans. (medscape.com)
  • These parasites are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sandfly, a tiny - 2-3 mm long - insect vector. (who.int)
  • HAT transmission requires the interaction of humans, tsetse flies and parasite reservoirs (humans, and domestic and wild animals). (who.int)
Infections3
Intestinal parasites1
  • One such 'noneradication outcome' was the impetus that the members of the ITFDE gave to initiating a demonstration project to control intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in Ghana. (cdc.gov)
Africa2
  • John O'Neill, an Irish surgeon, first described Onchocerca volvulus in 1874, when he found it to be the causative agent of 'craw-craw', a skin disease found in West Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • This parasite, a resident of West Africa, is passed on by the native, black fly. (blogspot.com)
Types of parasites2
  • The medical literature describes cases when one person was simultaneously infected with several types of parasites. (parazitiintestinali.com)
  • There are 3 types of parasites: Single-cell organisms (protozoa, microsporidia) Multicellular. (msdmanuals.com)
Polymerase Chain Re1
  • Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis and developmental polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies demonstrated that Ov-phy-1 was expressed in L3 and adult parasites. (embl.de)
Extracellular1
  • Corrigendum to "Functional characterization and immune recognition of the extracellular superoxide dismutase from the human pathogenic parasite Onchocerca volvulus (OvEC-SOD)" [Acta Trop. (bvsalud.org)
Organism2
  • Anyway, to be a true parasite the organism needs to be totally dependent on the host organism, or organisms. (blogspot.com)
  • Food and water are the most common sources of parasite and invading organism transmission. (glow-health.com)
Organisms1
Human9
  • O. volvulus parasites obtain nutrients from the human host by ingesting blood or by diffusion through their cuticle. (wikipedia.org)
  • This parasite enters the human body through the bite of a deer fly and explores the subcutaneous realm of its host, crawling undetected beneath the skin for years, until one day the host feels something strange in his eye. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Schistosomiasis, also known as Bilharzia, is a chronic, debilitating disease second only to malaria among human parasites in its socio-economic and public health importance. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
  • Among them are parasites that actually hurt the human body. (ans32.com)
  • After a human is bitten by an infected fly the parasite migrates to the skin where it develops into the adult worm. (blogspot.com)
  • This parasite can only fully develop in a human host. (blogspot.com)
  • 3) Did Noah find a male and female O. volvulus to take on the ark or were human passengers serving as hosts? (blogspot.com)
  • Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is caused by trypanosome parasites that are transmitted by tsetse flies. (who.int)
Higher incidence1
  • The most consistent finding in cases is a higher incidence of exposure to a parasite called Onchocerca volvulus than in community controls of the same ages. (cdc.gov)
Trichinella1
  • Trichinella: a parasite with a valley of 3-4 mm, which can be transmitted through meat that has not been properly cooked. (parazitiintestinali.com)
Multicellular1
Wolbachia2
  • Wolbachia is an endosymbiont bacteria found in many filariae that assists in reproduction and survival, including in O volvulus . (medscape.com)
  • O volvulus endosymbionts, such as the Wolbachia bacteria that are released upon its death, also cause an immunogenic response. (medscape.com)
Disease4
  • Although the cause of the disease is unknown, O. volvulus is being increasingly studied as a possible cause due to its ubiquity in areas where the disease is found. (wikipedia.org)
  • O. volvulus has not directly caused a single death, but has cost 1.1 million disability adjusted life years, which measure the number of years of healthy life lost due to a specific disease and show the burden of a disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scott Dowell] One intriguing idea is that the disease is an autoimmune seizure disorder caused by auto-antibodies that the body makes against the parasite that, through a process of molecular mimicry, attack its own brain tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • Onchocerca volvulus is the parasite responsible for this disease. (techwole.com)
Larva1
  • Data obtained from ultrastructure showed some undescribed structural points of the parasite such as a dimple in the anterior end of the larva and small points -orifice-like- that may be related to amphidial structures or simply pores. (bvsalud.org)
Protein1
  • Co-expression of Ov-phy-1 with the O. volvulus homologue of protein disulfide isomerase in a baculovirus system resulted in the production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
Clinical1
  • One of the largest fields in parasitology, medical parasitology is the subject which deals with the parasites that infect man, the diseases caused by them, clinical picture and the response generated by man against them. (en-academic.com)
Protozoa1
  • Parasites comprising of a solitary cell are called protozoa. (ans32.com)
Parasitology1
Exposure1
  • After my PhD I carried out multi-locus genotyping on S. mansoni miracidia from Uganda, to analyse parasite diversity, heterozygosity and population structure and how they alter over time with PZQ exposure. (imperial.ac.uk)
Host5
  • We are investigating the effect of geographic distribution on parasite population diversity in cercariae, and the effect parasite population genetic factors in association with host morbidity indicators. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Parasites are creatures that can't proceed with their life cycle without a host. (ans32.com)
  • Parasites exhibit an aggregated distribution among host individuals, thus the majority of parasites live in the minority of hosts. (en-academic.com)
  • Parasites can provide information about host population ecology. (en-academic.com)
  • Tis a great life being an endo-parasite all tucked up cosy and warm in your host - until the anthelmintic drugs arrive. (blogspot.com)
Flies1
  • 4) Did Noah bring male and female black flies that are needed to complete the life cycle of O. volvulus ? (blogspot.com)
Causative1
  • O. volvulus has been proposed as one of the causative agents of nodding syndrome, a condition that affects children aged 5 to 15 and is currently only observed in South Sudan, Tanzania, and northern Uganda. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins2
  • This is the study of structures of proteins from parasites. (en-academic.com)
  • The genes encoding these proteins are highly conserved within the Trichinellids, are constituents of mL1 ESP and localized in the parasite stichosome. (westminster.ac.uk)
Responses1
  • Patients with different onchocercal skin pathology have different O volvulus -specific antibody isotypic responses. (medscape.com)
Mosquitoes1
Transmission1
  • We are using these data to help us understand density-dependent processes involved in the transmission dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus with the results being used to parameterise mathematical models of onchocerciasis transmission and control. (imperial.ac.uk)
Gene1
  • The parasite-derived Ov-GST1a gene product was correctly processed in transgenic C. elegans and posttranslational modifications, such as signal peptide cleavage and N-glycosylation, were performed successfully. (aber.ac.uk)
Skin1
Resistance1
  • Costs associated with PZQ-resistance were identified and parasite genetic and phenotypic variation in response to chemotherapy observed. (imperial.ac.uk)
Entity1
  • A parasite is a living organic entity that can live and develop inside another life form. (ans32.com)